<s>
Naked	B-Architecture
objects	I-Architecture
is	O
an	O
architectural	O
pattern	O
used	O
in	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
naked	B-Architecture
objects	I-Architecture
pattern	O
was	O
first	O
described	O
formally	O
in	O
Richard	O
Pawson	O
's	O
PhD	O
thesis	O
which	O
includes	O
investigation	O
of	O
antecedents	O
and	O
inspirations	O
for	O
the	O
pattern	O
including	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
Morphic	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
complete	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
framework	O
to	O
have	O
implemented	O
the	O
pattern	O
was	O
named	O
Naked	B-Architecture
Objects	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2021	O
,	O
Pawson	O
announced	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
subsequently	O
applied	O
the	O
same	O
pattern	O
to	O
the	O
Functional	B-Language
Programming	I-Language
programming	O
paradigm	O
,	O
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
the	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
paradigm	O
,	O
creating	O
a	O
variant	O
of	O
the	O
Naked	B-Architecture
Objects	I-Architecture
framework	O
called	O
Naked	O
Functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
If	O
the	O
naked	B-Architecture
objects	I-Architecture
pattern	O
is	O
combined	O
with	O
object-relational	B-General_Concept
mapping	I-General_Concept
or	O
an	O
object	B-Application
database	I-Application
,	O
then	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
create	O
all	O
layers	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
from	O
the	O
domain	O
object	O
definitions	O
alone	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
this	O
does	O
not	O
form	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
naked	B-Architecture
objects	I-Architecture
pattern	O
per	O
se	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
thesis	O
includes	O
a	O
case	O
study	O
comparing	O
two	O
different	O
implementations	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
application	O
:	O
one	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
conventional	O
'	O
4-layer	O
'	O
implementation	O
;	O
the	O
other	O
using	O
naked	B-Architecture
objects	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
the	O
claim	O
is	O
also	O
made	O
that	O
the	O
enforced	O
1:1	O
correspondence	O
between	O
the	O
user	O
presentation	O
and	O
the	O
domain	O
model	O
,	O
forces	O
higher-quality	O
object	B-Application
modelling	I-Application
,	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
improves	O
the	O
agility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
more	O
empowering	O
style	O
of	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
benefit	O
is	O
really	O
attributable	O
to	O
the	O
resulting	O
object-oriented	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
OOUI	B-Application
)	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
to	O
naked	B-Architecture
objects	I-Architecture
per	O
se	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
argument	O
is	O
made	O
that	O
naked	B-Architecture
objects	I-Architecture
makes	O
it	O
much	O
easier	O
to	O
conceive	O
and	O
to	O
implement	O
an	O
OOUI	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
argument	O
here	O
is	O
that	O
with	O
the	O
naked	B-Architecture
objects	I-Architecture
pattern	O
,	O
the	O
domain	B-General_Concept
objects	I-General_Concept
form	O
a	O
common	O
language	O
between	O
users	O
and	O
developers	O
and	O
that	O
this	O
common	O
language	O
facilitates	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
discussing	O
requirements	O
-	O
because	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
other	O
representations	O
to	O
discuss	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Department	O
of	O
Social	O
Protection	O
(	O
DSP	O
)	O
(	O
formerly	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
Department	O
for	O
Social	O
and	O
Family	O
Affairs	O
)	O
in	O
Ireland	O
has	O
built	O
a	O
suite	O
of	O
enterprise	O
applications	O
using	O
the	O
naked	B-Architecture
objects	I-Architecture
pattern	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
naked	B-Architecture
objects	I-Architecture
pattern	O
forms	O
a	O
key	O
element	O
of	O
the	O
SDM	O
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
first	O
operational	O
application	O
of	O
the	O
naked	B-Architecture
objects	I-Architecture
pattern	O
,	O
anywhere	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DSP	O
's	O
experience	O
in	O
building	O
this	O
first	O
application	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
reactions	O
of	O
users	O
to	O
the	O
radical	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
is	O
documented	O
extensively	O
in	O
Pawson	O
's	O
thesis	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
recently	O
in	O
a	O
presentation	O
at	O
QCon	O
London	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
more	O
striking	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
DSP	O
experience	O
was	O
the	O
way	O
that	O
the	O
Naked	B-Architecture
Objects	I-Architecture
technique	O
permitted	O
re-use	O
very	O
actively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DSP	O
's	O
initial	O
'	O
Naked	O
Object	O
Architecture	O
 '	O
was	O
developed	O
by	O
an	O
external	O
contractor	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
architecture	O
was	O
subsequently	O
redeveloped	O
around	O
the	O
which	O
now	O
forms	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
future	O
application	O
development	O
,	O
as	O
confirmed	O
in	O
the	O
request	O
for	O
tenders	O
for	O
a	O
four-year	O
programme	O
of	O
further	O
applications	O
to	O
be	O
built	O
using	O
naked	B-Architecture
objects	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
naked	B-Architecture
objects	I-Architecture
pattern	O
has	O
relevance	O
to	O
several	O
other	O
disciplines	O
and/or	O
trends	O
,	O
including	O
:	O
</s>
