<s>
The	O
first	O
Nairi	B-Device
(	O
,	O
)	O
computer	O
was	O
developed	O
and	O
launched	O
into	O
production	O
in	O
1964	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
Yerevan	O
Research	O
Institute	O
of	O
Mathematical	O
Machines	O
(	O
Yerevan	O
,	O
Armenia	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
were	O
chiefly	O
designed	O
by	O
Hrachya	O
Ye	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1965	O
,	O
a	O
modified	O
version	O
called	O
Nairi-M	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
1967	O
versions	O
called	O
Nairi-S	O
and	O
Nairi-2	O
,	O
were	O
developed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nairi-3	O
and	O
Nairi-3-1	O
,	O
which	O
used	O
integrated	O
hybrid	O
chips	O
,	O
were	O
developed	O
in	O
1970	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1971	O
,	O
the	O
developers	O
of	O
the	O
Nairi	B-Device
computer	O
were	O
awarded	O
the	O
State	O
Prize	O
of	O
the	O
USSR	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ROM	B-Device
(	O
in	O
the	O
original	O
documentation	O
-	O
DZU	O
(	O
long-term	O
memory	O
)	O
of	O
a	O
cassette	O
type	O
,	O
the	O
volume	O
of	O
the	O
cassette	O
is	O
2048	O
words	O
of	O
36	O
bits	O
each	O
;	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
store	O
firmware	O
(	O
2048	O
72-bit	O
cells	O
)	O
and	O
firmware	O
(	O
12288	O
36-bit	O
cells	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Part	O
of	O
the	O
ROM	B-Device
it	O
was	O
delivered	O
"	O
empty	O
"	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
ability	O
for	O
users	O
to	O
flash	O
their	O
most	O
frequently	O
used	O
programs	O
,	O
thus	O
getting	O
rid	O
of	O
entering	O
programs	O
from	O
the	O
remote	O
control	O
or	O
punched	O
tape	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Nairi-M	O
"	O
(	O
1965	O
)	O
-	O
the	O
photoreader	O
FS-1501	O
and	O
the	O
tape	O
puncher	O
PL-80	O
were	O
introduced	O
into	O
the	O
periphery	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Nairi-K	O
"	O
with	O
increased	O
RAM	O
up	O
to	O
4096	O
words	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Nairi-S	O
"	O
(	O
1967	O
)	O
,	O
an	O
electrified	O
typewriter	O
Consul-254	O
was	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
terminal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Created	O
in	O
1966	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
modification	O
of	O
the	O
Nairi-1	O
machine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
amount	O
of	O
RAM	O
,	O
made	O
on	O
ferrite	O
rings	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
increased	O
to	O
2048	O
36-bit	O
words	O
,	O
more	O
efficient	O
input-output	O
devices	O
were	O
used	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
Nairi-K	O
package	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
modification	O
"	O
Nairi-2E	O
"	O
was	O
also	O
produced	O
,	O
specialized	O
for	O
the	O
automation	O
of	O
experiments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nairi-3	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
soviet	O
third	O
generation	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Of	O
all	O
the	O
models	O
of	O
the	O
Nairi	B-Device
computer	O
systems	O
,	O
the	O
micro-program	B-Device
control	O
principles	O
of	O
the	O
Nairi-1	O
were	O
improved	O
and	O
expanded	O
on	O
the	O
most	O
in	O
the	O
Nairi-3	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Through	O
the	O
advances	O
in	O
computer	O
technology	O
since	O
the	O
initial	O
production	O
year	O
of	O
1964	O
,	O
it	O
became	O
possible	O
for	O
upwards	O
of	O
128	O
thousand	O
micro-instructions	B-Device
to	O
be	O
stored	O
at	O
one	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
enabled	O
for	O
a	O
Multilingual	O
Computing	O
structure	O
,	O
and	O
time-sharing	O
modes	O
with	O
simultaneous	O
access	O
of	O
up	O
to	O
64	O
terminals	O
and	O
64	O
virtual	O
machines	O
Nairi-2	O
;	O
which	O
could	O
all	O
perform	O
the	O
functions	O
of	O
one	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
processing	O
power	O
of	O
the	O
Nairi-3	O
was	O
considerably	O
higher	O
than	O
competing	O
systems	O
due	O
to	O
multiple	O
storage	O
system	O
improvements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
which	O
includes	O
the	O
usage	O
of	O
a	O
long-term	O
form	O
of	O
read-only	B-Device
memory	I-Device
to	O
store	O
the	O
computer	O
's	O
firmware	O
,	O
on	O
a	O
sampling	O
cycle	O
of	O
8	O
μs	O
,	O
while	O
on	O
other	O
,	O
similar	O
systems	O
,	O
the	O
firmware	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
external	O
,	O
foreign	O
programs	O
were	O
stored	O
on	O
external	O
storage	O
devices	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
magnetic	B-General_Concept
drums	I-General_Concept
,	O
the	O
predecessor	O
to	O
modern	O
day	O
hard	O
drives	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
feature	O
of	O
the	O
proposed	O
computer	O
architecture	O
for	O
a	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
Nairi-3	O
computer	O
systems	O
was	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
permanent	O
,	O
non-volatile	O
memory	O
cassette	O
tape	O
,	O
the	O
main	O
functional	O
block	O
of	O
the	O
ROM	B-Device
device	O
was	O
the	O
storage	O
,	O
which	O
consisted	O
of	O
YAN-9	O
accumulator	O
cells	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
,	O
microprogram	B-Device
emulation	O
of	O
a	O
computer	O
of	O
a	O
different	O
type	O
was	O
implemented	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
different	O
command	O
system	O
:	O
on	O
Nairi-3	O
it	O
was	O
possible	O
to	O
execute	O
programs	O
Minsk-22	O
,	O
Razdan-3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nairi	B-Device
4	O
ARM	O
/	O
Nairi	B-Device
4	O
and	O
Nairi	B-Device
41	O
were	O
developed	O
in	O
1974-1981	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
system	O
was	O
software	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
PDP-11	B-Device
and	O
the	O
SM	B-Device
series	I-Device
of	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1980-1981	O
,	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
Nairi	B-Device
4V	O
and	O
Nairi	B-Device
4V	O
/	O
C	O
was	O
also	O
carried	O
out	O
,	O
the	O
chief	O
designers	O
were	O
V	O
.	O
Karapetyan	O
and	O
A	O
.	O
Sargsyan	O
.	O
</s>
