<s>
NTLDR	B-Application
(	O
abbreviation	O
of	O
NT	B-Application
loader	I-Application
)	O
is	O
the	O
boot	B-Operating_System
loader	I-Operating_System
for	O
all	O
releases	O
of	O
Windows	B-Device
NT	I-Device
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
from	O
1993	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Windows	B-Device
NT	I-Device
3.1	I-Device
up	O
until	O
Windows	B-Application
XP	I-Application
and	O
Windows	B-Application
Server	I-Application
2003	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
Windows	B-Application
Vista	I-Application
onwards	O
it	O
was	O
replaced	O
by	O
the	O
BOOTMGR	B-Device
bootloader	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NTLDR	B-Application
is	O
typically	O
run	O
from	O
the	O
primary	O
storage	O
device	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
can	O
also	O
run	O
from	O
portable	O
storage	O
devices	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
,	O
USB	O
flash	O
drive	O
,	O
or	O
floppy	O
disk	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NTLDR	B-Application
can	O
also	O
load	O
a	O
non	O
NT-based	B-Device
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
given	O
the	O
appropriate	O
boot	B-Device
sector	I-Device
in	O
a	O
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NTLDR	B-Application
requires	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
minimum	O
,	O
the	O
following	O
two	O
files	O
to	O
be	O
on	O
the	O
system	B-Application
volume	I-Application
:	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
additional	O
important	O
file	O
is	O
boot.ini	O
,	O
which	O
contains	O
boot	B-Operating_System
configuration	O
(	O
if	O
missing	O
,	O
NTLDR	B-Application
will	O
default	O
to	O
\Windows	O
on	O
the	O
first	O
partition	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
hard	O
drive	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NTLDR	B-Application
is	O
launched	O
by	O
the	O
volume	B-Device
boot	I-Device
record	I-Device
of	O
system	B-Application
partition	I-Application
,	O
which	O
is	O
typically	O
written	O
to	O
the	O
disk	O
by	O
the	O
Windows	O
or	O
command	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Device
NT	I-Device
was	O
originally	O
designed	O
for	O
ARC-compatible	O
platforms	O
,	O
relying	O
on	O
its	O
boot	B-Operating_System
manager	O
support	O
and	O
providing	O
only	O
osloader.exe	O
,	O
a	O
loading	O
program	O
accepting	O
ordinary	O
command-line	O
arguments	O
specifying	O
Windows	O
directory	O
partition	O
,	O
location	O
or	O
boot	B-Operating_System
parameters	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
launched	O
by	O
ARC-compatible	O
boot	B-Operating_System
manager	O
when	O
a	O
user	O
chooses	O
to	O
start	O
specific	O
Windows	B-Device
NT	I-Device
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
x86	B-Operating_System
lacked	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
ARC	B-Device
support	O
,	O
the	O
additional	O
layer	O
was	O
added	O
specifically	O
for	O
that	O
platform	O
:	O
custom	O
boot	B-Operating_System
manager	O
code	O
presenting	O
text	O
menu	O
allowing	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
choose	O
from	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
and	O
its	O
options	O
configured	O
in	O
boot.ini	O
configuration	O
file	O
,	O
prepended	O
by	O
special	O
StartUp	O
module	O
which	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
some	O
preparations	O
such	O
as	O
switching	O
the	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
to	O
the	O
protected	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
a	O
user	O
chooses	O
an	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
from	O
the	O
boot	B-Operating_System
menu	I-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
following	O
command-line	O
arguments	O
are	O
then	O
passed	O
to	O
the	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
osloader.exe	O
common	O
to	O
all	O
processor	O
architectures	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Windows	O
releases	O
starting	O
from	O
Windows	B-Application
Vista	I-Application
and	O
Windows	B-Device
Server	I-Device
2008	I-Device
,	O
NTLDR	B-Application
has	O
been	O
split	O
off	O
back	O
to	O
its	O
boot	B-Operating_System
manager	O
and	O
system	O
loader	O
parts	O
:	O
the	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
Boot	I-Operating_System
Manager	I-Operating_System
and	O
winload.exe	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
boot	B-Operating_System
manager	O
part	O
has	O
been	O
completely	O
rewritten	O
;	O
it	O
no	O
longer	O
uses	O
boot.ini	O
as	O
a	O
configuration	O
file	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
bootcfg	O
utility	O
for	O
modifying	O
boot.ini	O
is	O
still	O
present	O
for	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
multi-boot	O
configurations	O
with	O
Windows	O
versions	O
up	O
to	O
Windows	B-Application
XP	I-Application
and	O
Windows	B-Application
Server	I-Application
2003	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
bootsect.exe	O
utility	O
program	O
in	O
the	O
Windows	O
PE	O
tools	O
has	O
options	O
/nt52	O
(	O
NTLDR	B-Application
)	O
and	O
/nt60	O
(	O
Vista	B-Application
and	O
up	O
)	O
to	O
store	O
a	O
NTLDR	B-Application
or	O
Vista	B-Application
boot	B-Device
record	I-Device
in	O
the	O
first	O
sector	O
of	O
a	O
specified	O
partition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	B-Application
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
FAT	B-Application
and	O
NTFS	B-Application
based	O
file	B-Application
systems	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
example	O
applies	O
the	O
NTLDR	B-Application
compatible	O
master	O
boot	B-Operating_System
code	O
to	O
the	O
D	O
:	O
volume	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
a	O
PC	O
is	O
powered	O
on	O
its	O
BIOS	B-Operating_System
follows	O
the	O
configured	O
boot	B-Operating_System
order	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
bootable	B-Operating_System
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
depending	O
on	O
the	O
BIOS	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
floppy	O
the	O
BIOS	B-Operating_System
interprets	O
its	O
boot	B-Device
sector	I-Device
(	O
first	O
sector	O
)	O
as	O
code	O
,	O
for	O
NTLDR	B-Application
this	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
NTLDR	B-Application
boot	B-Device
sector	I-Device
looking	O
for	O
the	O
ntldr	B-Application
file	O
on	O
the	O
floppy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
a	O
harddisk	O
the	O
code	O
in	O
the	O
Master	B-Device
Boot	I-Device
Record	I-Device
(	O
first	O
sector	O
)	O
determines	O
the	O
active	O
partition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
code	O
in	O
the	O
boot	B-Device
sector	I-Device
of	O
the	O
active	O
partition	O
could	O
then	O
be	O
again	O
a	O
NTLDR	B-Application
boot	B-Device
sector	I-Device
looking	O
for	O
ntldr	B-Application
in	O
the	O
root	O
directory	O
of	O
this	O
active	O
partition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
more	O
convoluted	O
scenario	O
the	O
active	O
partition	O
can	O
contain	O
a	O
Vista	B-Application
boot	B-Device
sector	I-Device
for	O
the	O
newer	O
Vista	B-Application
boot	B-Operating_System
manager	O
with	O
an	O
 { ntldr } 	O
entry	O
pointing	O
to	O
another	O
partition	O
with	O
a	O
NTLDR	B-Application
boot	B-Device
sector	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
booting	B-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
loader	O
portion	O
of	O
NTLDR	B-Application
does	O
the	O
following	O
in	O
order	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Accesses	O
the	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
on	O
the	O
boot	B-Operating_System
drive	O
(	O
either	O
FAT	B-Application
or	O
New	B-Application
Technology	I-Application
File	I-Application
System	I-Application
,	O
NTFS	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
Windows	O
was	O
put	O
in	O
the	O
hibernation	O
state	O
,	O
the	O
contents	O
of	O
hiberfil.sys	O
are	O
loaded	O
into	O
memory	O
and	O
the	O
system	O
resumes	O
where	O
it	O
left	O
off	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Otherwise	O
,	O
reads	O
boot.ini	O
and	O
prompts	O
the	O
user	O
with	O
the	O
boot	B-Operating_System
menu	I-Operating_System
accordingly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
a	O
non	O
NT-based	B-Device
OS	O
is	O
selected	O
,	O
NTLDR	B-Application
loads	O
the	O
associated	O
file	O
listed	O
in	O
boot.ini	O
(	O
bootsect.dos	B-Application
if	O
no	O
file	O
is	O
specified	O
or	O
if	O
the	O
user	O
is	O
booting	B-Operating_System
into	O
a	O
DOS	O
based	O
OS	O
)	O
and	O
gives	O
it	O
control	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
an	O
NT-based	B-Device
OS	O
is	O
selected	O
,	O
NTLDR	B-Application
runs	O
ntdetect.com,	O
which	O
gathers	O
information	O
about	O
the	O
computer	O
's	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NTLDR	B-Application
's	O
first	O
action	O
is	O
to	O
read	O
the	O
Boot.ini	O
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NTLDR	B-Application
allows	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
choose	O
which	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
to	O
boot	B-Operating_System
from	O
at	O
the	O
menu	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
NT	O
and	O
NT-based	B-Device
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
,	O
it	O
also	O
allows	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
pass	O
preconfigured	O
options	O
to	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
menu	O
options	O
are	O
stored	O
in	O
boot.ini	O
,	O
which	O
itself	O
is	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
root	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
disk	O
as	O
NTLDR	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Though	O
NTLDR	B-Application
can	O
boot	B-Operating_System
DOS	O
and	O
non-NT	O
versions	O
of	O
Windows	O
,	O
boot.ini	O
cannot	O
configure	O
their	O
boot	B-Operating_System
options	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
NT-based	B-Device
OSs	O
,	O
the	O
location	O
of	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
is	O
written	O
as	O
an	O
Advanced	B-Device
RISC	I-Device
Computing	I-Device
(	O
ARC	B-Device
)	O
path	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
boot.ini	O
is	O
protected	O
from	O
user	O
configuration	O
by	O
having	O
the	O
following	O
file	B-Application
attributes	I-Application
:	O
system	O
,	O
hidden	O
,	O
read-only	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
more	O
secure	O
fashion	O
to	O
edit	O
the	O
file	O
is	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
bootcfg	O
command	B-Application
from	O
a	O
console	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
file	O
can	O
be	O
edited	O
within	O
Windows	O
using	O
a	O
text	O
editor	O
if	O
the	O
folder	O
view	O
option	O
"	O
Show	O
hidden	O
files	O
and	O
folders	O
"	O
is	O
selected	O
,	O
the	O
folder	O
view	O
option	O
"	O
Hide	O
protected	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
files	O
"	O
is	O
unchecked	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
"	O
Read-only	O
"	O
option	O
is	O
unchecked	O
under	O
the	O
file	O
's	O
properties	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
bootsect.dos	B-Application
is	O
the	O
boot	B-Device
sector	I-Device
loaded	O
by	O
NTLDR	B-Application
to	O
load	O
DOS	O
,	O
or	O
if	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
file	O
specified	O
when	O
loading	O
a	O
non	O
NT-based	B-Device
OS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
boot.ini	O
file	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
boot	B-Operating_System
loader	I-Operating_System
timeout	O
option	O
in	O
boot.ini	O
is	O
set	O
to	O
0	O
,	O
the	O
NTLDR	B-Application
boot	B-Operating_System
menu	I-Operating_System
does	O
not	O
appear	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Extreme	O
caution	O
should	O
be	O
taken	O
when	O
modifying	O
the	O
boot	B-Operating_System
loader	I-Operating_System
,	O
as	O
erroneous	O
information	O
can	O
result	O
in	O
an	O
OS	O
that	O
fails	O
to	O
boot	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Forces	O
x86-based	B-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
to	O
increase	O
the	O
virtual	O
address	O
space	O
allocated	O
for	O
user	O
programs	O
to	O
3	O
GB	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
decrease	O
to	O
1	O
GB	O
allocated	O
to	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
and	O
to	O
executive	O
components	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
configurations	O
of	O
Windows	B-Application
Server	I-Application
2003	I-Application
that	O
run	O
virtual	O
memory-intensive	O
applications	O
such	O
as	O
database	O
servers	O
or	O
Microsoft	O
Exchange	O
Server	O
2003	O
may	O
require	O
this	O
switch	O
or	O
may	O
benefit	O
from	O
improved	O
performance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Activating	O
this	O
option	O
may	O
also	O
cause	O
audio	O
problems	O
with	O
Creative	O
SB	O
X-Fi	O
series	O
sound	O
cards	O
with	O
(	O
X-Fi	O
Gamer	O
/	O
X-Fi	O
Titanium	O
@	O
WINXP	B-Application
32-bit	O
3/2012	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Forces	O
the	O
system	O
into	O
standard	O
640	O
×	O
480	O
16-color	O
VGA	B-Protocol
mode	O
by	O
using	O
a	O
video	O
device	B-Application
driver	I-Application
that	O
is	O
compatible	O
with	O
any	O
video	B-Device
adapter	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
fails	O
to	O
load	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
faulty	O
or	O
incorrectly	O
configured	O
video	O
driver	O
,	O
this	O
switch	O
allows	O
the	O
system	O
to	O
load	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
user	O
may	O
then	O
remove	O
,	O
update	O
,	O
or	O
roll	O
back	O
the	O
video	O
driver	O
causing	O
the	O
problem	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sets	O
the	O
baud	O
rate	O
of	O
the	O
debug	O
port	O
that	O
is	O
used	O
for	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
debugging	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Specifies	O
an	O
override	O
for	O
the	O
default	O
baud	O
rate	O
(	O
19200	O
)	O
at	O
which	O
a	O
remote	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
debugger	I-Operating_System
host	O
will	O
connect	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Turns	O
on	O
boot	B-Operating_System
logging	O
to	O
a	O
file	O
named	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Use	O
this	O
parameter	O
to	O
confirm	O
a	O
performance	O
problem	O
or	O
other	O
problems	O
that	O
are	O
related	O
to	O
RAM	B-Architecture
depletion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Use	O
with	O
the	O
switch	O
and	O
the	O
switch	O
to	O
selects	O
the	O
IEEE	B-Protocol
1394	I-Protocol
interface	I-Protocol
channel	O
(	O
numbered	O
0	O
to	O
62	O
)	O
through	O
which	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
debugging	I-Operating_System
communications	O
will	O
flow	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Loads	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
debugger	I-Operating_System
at	O
OS	O
startup	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
remains	O
inactive	O
until	O
a	O
Stop	O
error	O
occurs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
this	O
switch	O
,	O
the	O
COM	B-Protocol
port	I-Protocol
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
normal	O
operations	O
while	O
Windows	O
is	O
running	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Turns	O
on	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
debugger	I-Operating_System
when	O
Windows	O
starts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
the	O
switch	O
,	O
uses	O
the	O
COM	B-Protocol
port	I-Protocol
whether	O
you	O
use	O
debugging	O
or	O
not	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Specifies	O
the	O
COM	B-Protocol
port	I-Protocol
to	O
use	O
for	O
the	O
debug	O
port	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Use	O
this	O
switch	O
when	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
component	O
other	O
than	O
a	O
mouse	O
attached	O
to	O
a	O
serial	B-Protocol
port	I-Protocol
during	O
the	O
startup	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
Note	O
:	O
In	O
earlier	O
versions	O
of	O
Windows	O
,	O
including	O
Windows	B-Device
NT	I-Device
4.0	I-Device
,	O
this	O
switch	O
was	O
named	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
Defines	O
the	O
Hardware	B-Operating_System
Abstraction	I-Operating_System
Layer	I-Operating_System
that	O
is	O
loaded	O
at	O
startup	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
switch	O
is	O
useful	O
to	O
try	O
out	O
a	O
different	O
HAL	B-Operating_System
before	O
you	O
rename	O
the	O
file	O
to	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Defines	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
that	O
is	O
loaded	O
at	O
startup	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
this	O
switch	O
,	O
the	O
user	O
can	O
switch	O
between	O
a	O
debug-enabled	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
that	O
is	O
full	O
of	O
debugging	O
code	O
and	O
a	O
regular	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Same	O
limitations	O
for	O
filename	O
location	O
and	O
type	O
as	O
for	O
/HAL	O
switch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Specifies	O
the	O
maximum	O
amount	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
,	O
in	O
megabytes	O
,	O
that	O
Windows	O
can	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
}	O
This	O
option	O
is	O
only	O
available	O
on	O
32-bit	O
versions	O
of	O
Windows	O
when	O
running	O
on	O
processors	B-General_Concept
supporting	O
Data	O
Execution	O
Prevention	O
(	O
DEP	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
No-execute	O
protection	O
is	O
always	O
enabled	O
on	O
64-bit	O
versions	O
of	O
Windows	O
on	O
processors	B-General_Concept
that	O
support	O
no-execute	O
protection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Displays	O
the	O
device	B-Application
driver	I-Application
names	O
while	O
they	O
are	O
being	O
loaded	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Forces	O
Ntldr	B-Application
to	O
load	O
the	O
non-Physical	O
Address	O
Extension	O
(	O
PAE	O
)	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Windows	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
,	O
even	O
if	O
the	O
system	O
is	O
detected	O
as	O
supporting	O
x86	B-Operating_System
PAEs	O
and	O
has	O
more	O
than	O
4	O
GB	O
of	O
physical	O
memory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Disables	O
serial	O
mouse	O
detection	O
on	O
the	O
specified	O
COM	B-Protocol
ports	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
without	O
specifying	O
a	O
COM	B-Protocol
port	I-Protocol
disables	O
serial	O
mouse	O
detection	O
on	O
all	O
COM	B-Protocol
ports	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sets	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
processors	B-General_Concept
that	O
Windows	O
will	O
run	O
at	O
startup	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
this	O
switch	O
,	O
the	O
user	O
can	O
force	O
a	O
multiprocessor	O
system	O
to	O
use	O
only	O
the	O
quantity	O
of	O
processors	B-General_Concept
(	O
number	O
)	O
that	O
you	O
specify	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Causes	O
Windows	O
to	O
use	O
only	O
one	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
on	O
a	O
multiprocessor	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Enables	O
Physical	B-General_Concept
Address	I-General_Concept
Extension	I-General_Concept
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Safe	B-Operating_System
Mode	I-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
computer	O
starts	O
by	O
using	O
normal	O
kernels	B-Operating_System
,	O
even	O
if	O
the	O
switch	O
is	O
specified	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
x86-based	B-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
,	O
this	O
stops	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
from	O
dynamically	O
assigning	O
hardware	O
input	O
,	O
hardware	O
output	O
,	O
and	O
interrupt	B-General_Concept
request	I-General_Concept
resources	O
to	O
PCI	B-Protocol
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
,	O
the	O
BIOS	B-Operating_System
configures	O
the	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Turns	O
on	O
Emergency	O
Management	O
Services	O
(	O
EMS	O
)	O
on	O
a	O
Windows	B-Application
Server	I-Application
2003	I-Application
,	O
Enterprise	O
Edition-based	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
turn	O
on	O
EMS	O
by	O
editing	O
the	O
Boot.ini	O
on	O
an	O
x86-based	O
computer	O
,	O
edit	O
both	O
the	O
[	O
boot	B-Operating_System
loader ]	O
section	O
and	O
the	O
[	O
operating	O
systems ]	O
section	O
of	O
the	O
Boot.ini	O
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Causes	O
Windows	O
to	O
start	O
in	O
Safe	B-Operating_System
Mode	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
additional	O
option	O
the	O
user	O
can	O
append	O
is	O
,	O
which	O
tells	O
Windows	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
program	O
specified	O
by	O
the	O
value	O
as	O
the	O
graphical	O
shell	O
rather	O
than	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
default	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
Windows	B-Protocol
Explorer	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
examples	O
illustrate	O
the	O
parameters	O
that	O
are	O
in	O
effect	O
when	O
you	O
select	O
a	O
Safe	B-Operating_System
Mode	I-Operating_System
option	O
from	O
the	O
startup	O
recovery	O
menu	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Safe	B-Operating_System
Mode	I-Operating_System
(	O
)	O
Default	O
:	O
Uses	O
a	O
minimal	O
set	O
of	O
device	B-Application
drivers	I-Application
and	O
services	O
to	O
start	O
Windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Safe	B-Operating_System
Mode	I-Operating_System
with	O
Networking	O
(	O
)	O
Default	O
mode	O
together	O
with	O
the	O
drivers	O
necessary	O
to	O
load	O
networking	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Safe	B-Operating_System
Mode	I-Operating_System
with	O
Command	B-Device
Prompt	I-Device
(	O
)	O
Default	O
mode	O
,	O
except	O
that	O
Cmd.exe	B-Device
starts	O
instead	O
of	O
Windows	B-Protocol
Explorer	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	O
in	O
Directory	B-Device
Services	I-Device
Restore	I-Device
Mode	I-Device
(	O
)	O
(	O
This	O
mode	O
is	O
valid	O
only	O
for	O
Windows-based	O
domain	O
controllers	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
Disables	O
the	O
graphical	O
boot	B-Operating_System
screen	O
and	O
uses	O
the	O
NT4	O
style	O
text-boot	O
,	O
listing	O
the	O
Windows	O
build	O
number	O
,	O
version	O
number	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Windows	O
2000	O
and	O
XP	B-Application
,	O
the	O
text	O
is	O
rendered	O
inside	O
the	O
CHKDSK	O
bitmap	O
(	O
and	O
with	O
a	O
progress	O
bar	O
in	O
2000	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Specifies	O
that	O
Windows	O
uses	O
the	O
Power	O
Management	O
Timer	O
(	O
PM_TIMER	O
)	O
timer	O
settings	O
instead	O
of	O
the	O
Time	B-Device
Stamp	I-Device
Counter	I-Device
(	O
TSC	O
)	O
timer	O
settings	O
if	O
the	O
processor	O
supports	O
the	O
PM_TIMER	O
settings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
default	O
,	O
Windows	B-Application
Server	I-Application
2003	I-Application
Service	O
Pack	O
2	O
(	O
SP2	O
)	O
uses	O
the	O
PM	O
timer	O
for	O
all	O
multiprocessor	O
APIC	B-Device
or	O
ACPI	B-Device
HALs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
you	O
are	O
not	O
running	O
Windows	B-Application
Server	I-Application
2003	I-Application
SP2	O
,	O
you	O
must	O
force	O
the	O
computer	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
PM	O
timer	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
switch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
switch	O
permits	O
more	O
page	B-General_Concept
table	I-General_Concept
entry	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
memory	O
but	O
still	O
maintains	O
almost	O
3	O
GB	O
of	O
process	O
memory	O
space	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Directs	O
Ntldr	B-Application
to	O
boot	B-Operating_System
the	O
Windows	O
boot	B-Device
sector	I-Device
stored	O
in	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Directs	O
Ntldr	B-Application
to	O
boot	B-Operating_System
the	O
MS-DOS	O
boot	B-Device
sector	I-Device
stored	O
in	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
This	O
switch	O
was	O
created	O
to	O
assist	O
in	O
Y2K	B-Error_Name
testing	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
