<s>
The	O
list	O
of	O
Super	B-Application
NES	I-Application
enhancement	O
chips	O
demonstrates	O
Nintendo	O
hardware	O
designers	O
 '	O
plan	O
to	O
easily	O
expand	O
the	O
Super	B-Application
Nintendo	I-Application
Entertainment	I-Application
System	I-Application
with	O
special	O
coprocessors	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
increasingly	O
superior	O
chips	O
became	O
available	O
throughout	O
the	O
Super	B-Application
NES	I-Application
's	O
generation	O
,	O
this	O
provided	O
a	O
cheaper	O
and	O
more	O
versatile	O
way	O
of	O
maintaining	O
the	O
system	O
's	O
market	O
lifespan	O
compared	O
to	O
Nintendo	O
's	O
option	O
of	O
having	O
included	O
a	O
much	O
more	O
expensive	O
CPU	O
or	O
a	O
more	O
obsolete	O
stock	O
chipset	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Super	O
FX	O
chip	O
is	O
a	O
16-bit	O
supplemental	O
RISC	B-Architecture
CPU	O
developed	O
by	O
Argonaut	O
Software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
typically	O
programmed	O
to	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
graphics	B-General_Concept
accelerator	I-General_Concept
chip	I-General_Concept
that	O
draws	O
polygons	O
and	O
advanced	O
2D	O
effects	O
to	O
a	O
frame	B-Algorithm
buffer	I-Algorithm
in	O
the	O
RAM	B-Architecture
sitting	O
adjacent	O
to	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Super	B-Device
Mario	I-Device
World	I-Device
2	I-Device
:	I-Device
Yoshi	I-Device
's	I-Device
Island	I-Device
uses	O
the	O
Super	O
FX	O
2	O
for	O
sprite	O
scaling	O
,	O
rotation	O
,	O
and	O
stretching	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
chip	O
has	O
at	O
least	O
four	O
revisions	O
,	O
first	O
as	O
a	O
surface	O
mounted	O
chip	O
labeled	O
"	O
MARIO	O
CHIP	O
1	O
"	O
(	O
Mathematical	O
,	O
Argonaut	O
,	O
Rotation	O
&	O
I/O	O
)	O
,	O
commonly	O
called	O
the	O
Super	O
FX	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
earliest	O
Star	B-Application
Fox	I-Application
(	O
1993	B-Application
)	O
cartridges	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
1994	B-Application
,	O
some	O
boards	O
have	O
an	O
epoxy	O
version	O
,	O
and	O
later	O
a	O
first	O
revision	O
is	O
labeled	O
GSU-1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
the	O
MARIO	O
CHIP	O
1	O
and	O
the	O
GSU-1	O
can	O
support	O
a	O
maximum	O
ROM	B-Device
size	O
of	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
design	O
was	O
revised	O
to	O
the	O
GSU-2	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
still	O
16-bit	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
version	O
can	O
support	O
a	O
ROM	B-Device
size	O
greater	O
than	O
8	O
Mbit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
differences	O
are	O
in	O
packaging	O
,	O
pinout	O
,	O
maximum	O
supported	O
ROM	B-Device
size	O
,	O
and	O
internal	O
clock	O
speed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Cx4	O
chip	O
is	O
a	O
math	B-General_Concept
coprocessor	I-General_Concept
used	O
by	O
Capcom	O
and	O
produced	O
by	O
Hitachi	O
(	O
now	O
Renesas	O
)	O
to	O
perform	O
general	O
trigonometric	O
calculations	O
for	O
wireframe	B-Algorithm
effects	O
,	O
sprite	O
positioning	O
,	O
and	O
rotation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
maps	O
and	O
transforms	O
wireframes	O
in	O
Capcom	O
's	O
second	O
and	O
third	O
games	O
of	O
the	O
Mega	B-Application
Man	I-Application
X	I-Application
series	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Cx4	O
self-test	O
screen	O
can	O
be	O
accessed	O
by	O
holding	O
the	O
'	O
B	O
 '	O
button	O
on	O
the	O
second	O
controller	O
upon	O
system	O
start-up	O
in	O
both	O
Mega	B-Application
Man	I-Application
X2	I-Application
and	O
Mega	B-Application
Man	I-Application
X3	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
series	O
of	O
fixed-point	O
digital	B-Architecture
signal	I-Architecture
processor	I-Architecture
chips	O
provides	O
fast	O
vector-based	O
calculations	O
,	O
bitmap	O
conversions	O
,	O
2D	O
and	O
3D	O
coordinate	O
transformations	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
chip	O
has	O
four	O
revisions	O
,	O
each	O
physically	O
identical	O
but	O
with	O
different	O
microcode	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
of	O
them	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
NEC	B-Device
µPD77C25	I-Device
CPU	O
and	O
clocked	O
at	O
8MHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DSP-1	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
varied	O
and	O
widely	O
used	O
of	O
the	O
Super	B-Application
NES	I-Application
DSPs	O
,	O
in	O
more	O
than	O
15	O
separate	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
math	B-General_Concept
coprocessor	I-General_Concept
in	O
games	O
such	O
as	O
Super	B-Application
Mario	I-Application
Kart	I-Application
and	O
Pilotwings	B-Application
that	O
require	O
more	O
advanced	O
Mode	O
7	O
scaling	O
and	O
rotation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
provides	O
fast	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
floating-point	B-Algorithm
and	O
trigonometric	O
calculations	O
needed	O
by	O
3D	O
math	O
algorithms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DSP-1B	O
introduced	O
a	O
bug	O
in	O
the	O
Pilotwings	B-Application
demo	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
game	O
code	O
not	O
being	O
updated	O
for	O
the	O
timing	O
differences	O
of	O
the	O
chip	O
revisions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DSP-2	O
is	O
only	O
in	O
Dungeon	B-Device
Master	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
primary	O
purpose	O
is	O
to	O
convert	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
bitmap	O
image	O
data	O
into	O
the	O
Super	B-Application
NES	I-Application
bitplane	B-Device
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DSP-3	O
is	O
only	O
in	O
the	O
turn-based	O
strategy	O
game	O
SD	O
Gundam	O
GX	O
for	O
Super	B-Application
Famicom	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
assists	O
with	O
tasks	O
like	O
calculating	O
the	O
next	O
AI	B-Application
move	O
,	O
Shannon	B-Algorithm
–	I-Algorithm
Fano	I-Algorithm
bitstream	O
decompression	O
,	O
and	O
bitplane	B-Device
conversion	O
of	O
graphics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DSP-4	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
only	O
Top	B-Application
Gear	I-Application
3000	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
hardware	O
inside	O
the	O
Super	B-Device
Game	I-Device
Boy	I-Device
peripheral	O
includes	O
a	O
Sharp	O
SM83	O
core	O
identical	O
to	O
the	O
CPU	O
in	O
the	O
handheld	O
Game	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
the	O
Super	B-Application
NES	I-Application
is	O
not	O
powerful	O
enough	O
for	O
software	O
emulation	O
of	O
the	O
Game	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
,	O
the	O
hardware	O
for	O
the	O
entire	O
handheld	O
is	O
inside	O
of	O
the	O
cartridge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
chip	O
was	O
made	O
by	O
MegaChips	O
exclusively	O
for	O
Nintendo	B-Application
Power	I-Application
cartridges	O
for	O
the	O
Super	B-Application
Famicom	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
cartridges	O
have	O
flash	B-Device
ROMs	I-Device
instead	O
of	O
mask	O
ROMs	O
,	O
to	O
hold	O
games	O
downloaded	O
for	O
a	O
fee	O
at	O
retail	O
kiosks	O
in	O
Japan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
chip	O
manages	O
communication	O
with	O
the	O
kiosks	O
to	O
download	O
ROM	B-Device
images	O
,	O
and	O
provides	O
game	O
selection	O
menu	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OBC-1	O
is	O
a	O
sprite	O
manipulation	O
chip	O
used	O
exclusively	O
in	O
the	O
Super	B-Device
Scope	I-Device
game	O
Metal	B-Application
Combat	I-Application
:	I-Application
Falcon	I-Application
's	I-Application
Revenge	I-Application
,	O
the	O
sequel	O
to	O
Battle	B-Application
Clash	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Rockwell	O
RC96V24DP	O
is	O
a	O
low	O
power	O
,	O
V.22	O
bis	O
2400	O
bit/s	O
data/fax	O
modem	B-Application
data	O
pump	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
VLSI	O
package	O
,	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
XBAND	B-Application
cartridge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
S-DD1	O
chip	O
is	O
an	O
ASIC	O
decompressor	O
made	O
by	O
Nintendo	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
some	O
Super	B-Device
Nintendo	I-Device
Entertainment	I-Device
System	I-Device
Game	I-Device
Paks	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Designed	O
to	O
handle	O
data	O
compressed	O
by	O
the	O
ABS	O
Lossless	O
Entropy	O
Algorithm	O
,	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
arithmetic	B-Algorithm
coding	I-Algorithm
developed	O
by	O
Ricoh	O
,	O
its	O
use	O
is	O
necessary	O
in	O
games	O
where	O
massive	O
amounts	O
of	O
sprite	O
data	O
are	O
compressed	O
with	O
a	O
total	O
design	O
limit	O
of	O
32-megabits	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
S-DD1	O
mediates	O
between	O
the	O
Super	B-Application
NES	I-Application
's	O
Ricoh	B-General_Concept
5A22	I-General_Concept
CPU	O
and	O
the	O
game	O
's	O
ROM	B-Device
via	O
two	O
buses	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
controlling	O
5A22	B-General_Concept
processor	O
may	O
still	O
request	O
normal	O
,	O
uncompressed	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
game	O
's	O
ROM	B-Device
even	O
if	O
the	O
S-DD1	O
is	O
already	O
busy	O
with	O
a	O
decompression	O
operation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
form	O
of	O
parallelism	B-Operating_System
allows	O
sprite	O
data	O
to	O
be	O
decompressed	O
while	O
other	O
types	O
of	O
data	O
are	O
quickly	O
passed	O
to	O
the	O
main	O
CPU	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Star	B-Application
Ocean	I-Application
and	O
Street	B-Application
Fighter	I-Application
Alpha	I-Application
2	I-Application
are	O
the	O
only	O
games	O
that	O
use	O
this	O
chip	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Super	O
Accelerator	O
1	O
(	O
SA1	O
)	O
chip	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
34	O
Super	B-Application
NES	I-Application
games	O
,	O
including	O
Super	B-Application
Mario	I-Application
RPG	I-Application
:	I-Application
Legend	I-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Seven	I-Application
Stars	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similar	O
to	O
the	O
5A22	B-General_Concept
CPU	O
in	O
the	O
Super	B-Application
NES	I-Application
hardware	O
,	O
the	O
SA1	O
contains	O
a	O
processor	O
core	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
65C816	B-General_Concept
with	O
several	O
programmable	O
timers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SA1	O
does	O
not	O
function	O
as	O
a	O
slave	O
CPU	O
for	O
the	O
5A22	B-General_Concept
;	O
both	O
can	O
interrupt	O
each	O
other	O
independently	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SA1	O
also	O
features	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
enhancements	O
over	O
the	O
standard	O
65C816	B-General_Concept
:	O
</s>
<s>
Brazilian	O
ROM	B-Device
hacker	O
Vitor	O
Vilela	O
has	O
created	O
ROM	B-Device
patches	O
for	O
Contra	B-Application
III	I-Application
:	I-Application
The	I-Application
Alien	I-Application
Wars	I-Application
,	O
Gradius	B-Application
III	I-Application
,	O
Super	B-Application
Mario	I-Application
World	I-Application
,	O
Super	B-Application
R-Type	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Race	B-Application
Drivin	I-Application
 '	I-Application
that	O
shifts	O
some	O
work	O
from	O
the	O
Super	B-Application
NES	I-Application
's	O
CPU	O
onto	O
the	O
SA-1	O
co-processor	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tengai	B-Application
Makyou	I-Application
Zero	I-Application
also	O
contains	O
a	O
real-time	O
clock	O
chip	O
accessed	O
via	O
the	O
SPC7110	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ST	O
series	O
of	O
chips	O
are	O
used	O
by	O
SETA	O
Corporation	O
to	O
enhance	O
AI	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Used	O
for	O
general	O
functions	O
and	O
handling	O
the	O
AI	B-Application
of	O
opponent	O
cars	O
in	O
F1	B-Application
ROC	I-Application
II	I-Application
:	I-Application
Race	I-Application
of	I-Application
Champions	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
contains	O
a	O
NEC	B-Device
µPD96050	I-Device
DSP	O
,	O
clocked	O
at	O
10Mhz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ST011	O
is	O
used	O
for	O
AI	B-Application
functionality	O
in	O
the	O
shogi	O
board	O
game	O
Hayazashi	O
Nidan	O
Morita	O
Shogi	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
uses	O
a	O
NEC	B-Device
µPD96050	I-Device
,	O
clocked	O
at	O
15Mhz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ST018	O
is	O
used	O
for	O
AI	B-Application
functionality	O
in	O
Hayazashi	O
Nidan	O
Morita	O
Shogi	O
2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TitleChipYearDeveloperPublisherMega	O
Man	O
X2	O
NA	O
EURockman	O
X2	O
JPCX41994CapcomCapcom	O
(	O
NA	O
)	O
(	O
JP	O
)	O
(	O
EU	O
)	O
Mega	B-Application
Man	I-Application
X3	I-Application
NA	O
EURockman	O
X3	O
JPCX41995Capcom	O
,	O
Minakuchi	O
EngineeringCapcom	O
(	O
NA	O
)	O
(	O
JP	O
)	O
Soukou	O
Kihei	O
Votoms	O
:	O
The	O
Battling	O
RoadDSP-11993GenkiTakara	O
(	O
JP	O
)	O
Bike	O
Daisuki	O
!	O
</s>
<s>
Hashiriya	O
Kon	O
-	O
Rider	O
's	O
SpiritsDSP-11994GenkiNCS	O
(	O
JP	O
)	O
Final	O
StretchDSP-11993GenkiLOZC	O
(	O
JP	O
)	O
Lock	B-Application
On	I-Application
NA	O
EUSuper	O
Air	O
Diver	O
JPDSP-11993Copya	O
SystemVic	O
Tokai	O
(	O
US	O
)	O
SunSoft	O
(	O
EU	O
)	O
Michael	O
Andretti	O
's	O
Indy	O
Car	O
ChallengeDSP-1/1A1994GenkiBullet	O
Proof	O
Software	O
(	O
NA	O
)	O
(	O
JP	O
)	O
PilotwingsDSP-1/1BOn	O
cartridges	O
with	O
DSP-1B	O
,	O
the	O
plane	O
in	O
attract	O
mode	O
crashes.1991Nintendo	O
EADNintendo	O
(	O
NA	O
)	O
(	O
JP	O
)	O
(	O
EU	O
)	O
Shutokō	O
Battle	O
'	O
94	O
:	O
Keichii	O
Tsuchiya	O
Drift	O
KingDSP-1B1994GenkiBullet-Proof	O
Software	O
(	O
JP	O
)	O
Shutokō	O
Battle	O
2	O
:	O
Drift	O
King	O
Keichii	O
Tsuchiya	O
&	O
Masaaki	O
BandohDSP-1B1995GenkiBullet-Proof	O
Software	O
(	O
JP	O
)	O
Suzuka	O
8	O
HoursDSP-11993Arc	O
System	O
WorksNamco	O
(	O
NA	O
)	O
(	O
JP	O
)	O
Super	B-Application
Air	I-Application
Diver	I-Application
2DSP-11995Copya	O
SystemAsmik	O
(	O
JP	O
)	O
Super	B-Application
Bases	I-Application
Loaded	I-Application
2	I-Application
NASuper	O
3D	O
Baseball	O
JPKorean	O
League	O
KRDSP-11993TOSEJaleco	O
(	O
NA	O
)	O
(	O
JP	O
)	O
(	O
KR	O
)	O
Super	O
F1	O
Circus	O
GaidenDSP-11995	O
Nichibutsu	O
(	O
JP	O
)	O
Battle	O
RacersDSP-11995BanprestoBanpresto	O
(	O
JP	O
)	O
Super	O
Mario	O
KartDSP-1/1B1992Nintendo	O
EADNintendo	O
(	O
NA	O
)	O
(	O
JP	O
)	O
(	O
EU	O
)	O
Ace	O
o	O
Nerae	O
!	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Planet	O
's	O
Champ	O
TG	O
3000	O
JPDSP-41995Gremlin	O
InteractiveKemco	O
(	O
NA	O
)	O
(	O
JP	O
)	O
(	O
EU	O
)	O
Metal	B-Application
Combat	I-Application
:	O
Falcon	O
's	O
RevengeOBC-11993Intelligent	O
SystemsNintendo	O
(	O
NA	O
)	O
(	O
EU	O
)	O
Asahi	O
Shinbun	O
Rensai	O
:	O
Katou	O
Ichi-Ni-San	O
Shougi	O
:	O
ShingiryuuSA11995VarieVarie	O
(	O
JP	O
)	O
Daisenryaku	O
Expert	O
WWII	O
:	O
War	O
in	O
EuropeSA11996SystemSoft	O
AlphaASCII	O
Corporation	O
(	O
JP	O
)	O
Derby	O
Jockey	O
2SA11995Graphic	O
ResearchAsmik	O
(	O
JP	O
)	O
Dragon	O
Ball	O
Z	O
:	O
Hyper	O
DimensionSA11996TOSEBandai	O
(	O
JP	O
)	O
(	O
EU	O
)	O
Habu	O
Meijin	O
no	O
Omoshiro	O
ShōgiSA11995AccessTomy	O
(	O
JP	O
)	O
Hayashi	O
Kaihou	O
Kudan	O
no	O
Igo	O
OodouSA11996	O
Ask	O
Kodansha	O
(	O
JP	O
)	O
Itoi	O
Shigesato	O
no	O
Bass	O
Tsuri	O
No	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kirby	B-Application
's	I-Application
Fun	I-Application
Pak	I-Application
EUSA11996HAL	O
LaboratoryNintendo	O
(	O
NA	O
)	O
(	O
JP	O
)	O
(	O
EU	O
)	O
Kirby	B-Application
's	I-Application
Dream	I-Application
Land	I-Application
3	I-Application
NAHoshi	O
no	O
Kirby	B-Application
3	I-Application
JPSA11997HAL	O
LaboratoryNintendo	O
(	O
NA	O
)	O
(	O
JP	O
)	O
Marvelous	O
:	O
Mouhitotsu	O
no	O
TakarajimaSA11996Nintendo	O
R&D2Nintendo	O
(	O
JP	O
)	O
Masters	O
New	O
:	O
Haruka	O
Naru	O
Augusta	O
3SA11995T&E	O
SoftT&E	O
Soft	O
(	O
JP	O
)	O
Mini	O
4WD	O
Shining	O
Scorpion	O
Let	O
's	O
&	O
Go	O
!	O
</s>
