<s>
V850	O
is	O
a	O
32-bit	O
RISC	B-Architecture
CPU	B-General_Concept
architecture	I-General_Concept
produced	O
by	O
Renesas	O
Electronics	O
for	O
embedded	B-Architecture
microcontrollers	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
designed	O
by	O
NEC	O
as	O
a	O
replacement	O
for	O
their	O
earlier	O
NEC	B-Device
V60	I-Device
family	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
introduced	O
shortly	O
before	O
NEC	O
sold	O
their	O
designs	O
to	O
Renesas	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
V850	O
architecture	B-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
load/store	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
with	O
32	O
32-bit	O
general-purpose	O
registers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
features	O
a	O
compressed	B-Architecture
instruction	I-Architecture
set	I-Architecture
with	O
the	O
most	O
frequently	O
used	O
instructions	O
mapped	O
onto	O
16-bit	O
half-words	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intended	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
ultra-low	O
power	O
consumption	O
systems	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
those	O
using	O
0.5mW/MIPS	O
,	O
the	O
V850	O
has	O
been	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
applications	O
,	O
including	O
optical	O
disk	O
drives	O
,	O
hard	B-Device
disk	I-Device
drives	I-Device
,	O
mobile	O
phones	O
,	O
car	O
audio	O
,	O
and	O
inverter	O
compressors	O
for	O
air	O
conditioners	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Today	O
,	O
microarchitectures	B-General_Concept
primarily	O
focus	O
on	O
high	O
performance	O
and	O
high	O
reliability	B-Protocol
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
dual-lockstep	B-General_Concept
redundant	O
mechanism	O
for	O
the	O
automotive	O
industry	O
;	O
and	O
the	O
V850	O
and	O
RH850	O
families	O
are	O
comprehensively	O
used	O
in	O
cars	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
V850	O
is	O
the	O
trademark	O
name	O
for	O
a	O
32-bit	O
RISC	B-Architecture
CPU	B-General_Concept
architecture	I-General_Concept
for	O
embedded	B-Architecture
microcontrollers	B-Architecture
of	O
Renesas	O
Electronics	O
Corporation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
base-architecture	O
has	O
been	O
succeeded	O
by	O
the	O
V850	O
family	O
variants	O
,	O
named	O
V850E	O
,	O
V850E1	O
,	O
V850ES	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
compilers	B-Language
and	O
debuggers	B-Application
are	O
available	O
from	O
various	O
development	B-Application
tool	I-Application
vendors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Real-time	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
are	O
provided	O
by	O
compiler	B-Language
vendors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In-circuit	B-Application
emulators	I-Application
(	O
ICE	O
)	O
are	O
provided	O
by	O
many	O
vendors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Legacy	O
proven	O
pod-based	O
types	O
—	O
the	O
JTAG-based	O
N-Wire	O
interface	O
with	O
the	O
N-trace	O
type	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Nexus	O
interface	O
with	O
the	O
Aurora	B-Protocol
Trace	O
type	O
—	O
are	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
first	O
generation	O
of	O
processor	O
core	O
was	O
also	O
used	O
for	O
hard	B-Device
disk	I-Device
drives	I-Device
manufactured	O
by	O
Quantum	O
Corporation	O
(	O
see	O
photo	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
with	O
IEBus	B-General_Concept
controller	O
,	O
for	O
car	O
audio	O
,	O
an	O
ultra-low-power	O
(	O
3.6mW	O
@5V	O
/MIPS	O
)	O
and	O
ultra-low-noise	O
(	O
EMI/EMS	O
)	O
5V	O
product	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
programmable-host	O
CPUs	O
of	O
some	O
small	O
form	O
factor	O
GSM/GPRS	O
mobile	O
devices	O
with	O
GPS	O
embedded	B-Architecture
modem	B-Application
modules	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
next	O
phase	O
,	O
NEC	O
targeted	O
the	O
automotive	O
industry	O
with	O
a	O
CAN	B-Protocol
bus	I-Protocol
controller	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
V850	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
V850E	O
core	O
was	O
targeted	O
at	O
system-on-a-chip	B-Architecture
(	O
SoC	O
)	O
applications	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
standard	O
products	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
V850ES	O
core	O
succeeded	O
in	O
the	O
low-power	O
embedded-product	O
line	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
and	O
is	O
ISA-compatible	O
with	O
the	O
V850E	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Around	O
2005	O
,	O
several	O
companies	O
started	O
a	O
feasibility	O
study	O
for	O
the	O
FlexRay	B-Protocol
controller	O
on	O
the	O
V850E	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Yokogawa	O
Digital	O
Computer	O
(	O
currently	O
DTS	O
INSIGHT	O
)	O
developed	O
an	O
evaluation	O
board	O
named	O
GT200	O
with	O
a	O
V850E/IA1	O
and	O
a	O
field-programmable	B-Architecture
gate	I-Architecture
array	I-Architecture
(	O
FPGA	B-Architecture
)	O
,	O
which	O
employs	O
the	O
FlexRay	B-Protocol
controller	O
developed	O
by	O
Bosch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
V850	O
family	O
line	O
up	O
(	O
based	O
on	O
V850E	O
,	O
V850ES	O
,	O
and	O
V850E2	O
cores	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
Renesas	O
RH850	O
family	O
(	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
V850E3	O
core	O
,	O
as	O
of	O
2018	O
)	O
are	O
mainly	O
employed	O
in	O
automotive	O
applications	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
inter-equipment	O
connectivity	O
and	O
motor-control	O
specific	O
microcontroller	B-Architecture
units	I-Architecture
(	O
MCUs	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
the	O
V850	O
trademark	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
20	O
years	O
,	O
most	O
people	O
do	O
not	O
know	O
that	O
the	O
RH850	O
family	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
an	O
extension	O
of	O
the	O
V850	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
architecture	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
has	O
backward	B-General_Concept
compatibility	I-General_Concept
with	O
V850	O
,	O
V850E	O
,	O
V850ES	O
,	O
and	O
V850E2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
was	O
developed	O
as	O
a	O
branch	B-General_Concept
of	O
the	O
V800series	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
the	O
basic	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
architecture	I-General_Concept
is	O
inherited	O
from	O
the	O
V810	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
architecture	I-General_Concept
of	O
the	O
first	O
V850	O
is	O
drastically	O
modified	O
from	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
V810	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
difference	O
is	O
within	O
a	O
patch	O
level	O
from	O
the	O
GNU	B-Application
Compiler	I-Application
Collection	I-Application
point	O
of	O
view	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
V850	O
utilizes	O
these	O
design	O
assets	O
;	O
but	O
the	O
datapath	B-General_Concept
logic	O
was	O
changed	O
from	O
dynamic	B-General_Concept
logic	I-General_Concept
to	O
static	B-General_Concept
logic	I-General_Concept
,	O
to	O
enable	O
32.768kHz	O
real-time	B-Operating_System
clock	O
frequency	O
operation	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
on	O
the	O
Falcon	O
Simulator	O
software	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
NEC	O
's	O
in-house	O
CAD	B-Application
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
methodology	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
that	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
NEC	B-Device
V60	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
late	O
1980s	O
,	O
the	O
Verilog	B-Language
HDL	I-Language
had	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
acquired	O
by	O
Cadence	O
Design	O
Systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FDL	O
had	O
been	O
used	O
until	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
the	O
2000s	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
also	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
NEC	O
's	O
super-computer	B-Architecture
named	O
Earth	B-Device
Simulator	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
difference	O
from	O
V60	B-Device
is	O
that	O
the	O
circuit	B-Application
diagram	I-Application
was	O
written	O
with	O
a	O
schematic	B-Application
editor	O
,	O
not	O
of	O
Calma	O
but	O
of	O
Mentor	O
Graphics	O
,	O
called	O
NETED	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
on	O
Apollo	O
Computer	O
's	O
workstation	B-Device
,	O
which	O
was	O
the	O
major	O
schematic	B-Application
editor	O
at	O
that	O
moment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
enabled	O
designers	O
to	O
generate	O
netlists	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
EDIF	O
and	O
SPICE	B-Protocol
,	O
for	O
LVS	O
programs	O
like	O
cadence	O
's	O
Dracula	O
products	O
,	O
and	O
NEC	O
's	O
in-house	O
Zycad	O
netlist	O
for	O
logic	O
simulation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
on	O
,	O
this	O
circuit	B-Application
diagram	I-Application
of	O
NETED	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
generate	O
a	O
gate-level	O
Verilog	B-Language
HDL	I-Language
netlist	O
for	O
V850	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
of	O
the	O
register-transfer-level	O
FDL	O
netlist	O
was	O
translated	O
to	O
the	O
gate-level	O
schematic	B-Application
by	O
hand	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
logic	O
synthesis	O
had	O
not	O
yet	O
to	O
be	O
practical	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FDL	O
was	O
precisely	O
divided	O
into	O
datapath	B-General_Concept
and	O
random	O
logic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
datapath	B-General_Concept
part	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
the	O
gate-level	O
circuit	B-Application
diagram	I-Application
enabled	O
manually	O
repeated	O
artwork	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
random	O
logic	O
part	O
,	O
logic	O
synthesis	O
was	O
tried	O
for	O
generating	O
gate-level	O
schematic	B-Application
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
only	O
about	O
10%	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
circuit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
formal	O
verification	O
was	O
also	O
not	O
yet	O
practical	O
,	O
which	O
meant	O
that	O
full	O
regression	O
test	O
by	O
dynamic	B-General_Concept
logic	I-General_Concept
simulation	O
was	O
required	O
for	O
the	O
gate-level	O
netlist	O
to	O
compare	O
with	O
the	O
RTL	O
one	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
gate-level	O
logic	O
simulation	O
,	O
NEC	O
's	O
in-house	O
CAD	B-Application
tool	O
V-SIM	O
was	O
usually	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
sometimes	O
a	O
hardware	B-Architecture
emulator	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Zycad	O
LE	O
simulation	O
accelerator	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
V810	O
and	O
V850	O
has	O
a	O
typical	O
general-purpose	O
registers-based	O
load/store	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
16-bit	O
short-format	O
load/store	B-General_Concept
instructions	I-General_Concept
use	O
element	O
pointer	O
(	O
ep	O
)	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
addressing	B-Language
mode	I-Language
comprises	O
the	O
base	O
address	B-General_Concept
register	I-General_Concept
ep	O
and	O
immediate-operand	O
offsets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
V850E	O
or	O
later	O
microarchitectures	B-General_Concept
,	O
R3	O
is	O
implicitly	O
used	O
by	O
PREPARE/DISPOSE	O
;	O
call	B-General_Concept
stack	I-General_Concept
frame	O
creation	O
;	O
and	O
unwinding	O
instructions	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
stack	O
pointer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Compilers	B-Language
 '	O
calling	O
conventions	O
also	O
use	O
R3	O
as	O
the	O
stack	O
pointer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
a	O
significant	O
feature	O
of	O
reduced	B-Architecture
instruction	I-Architecture
set	I-Architecture
computers	I-Architecture
(	O
RISCs	B-Architecture
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
the	O
object-code	O
size	O
is	O
about	O
half	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
MIPS	B-Device
R3000	I-Device
,	O
because	O
the	O
V810	O
and	O
V850	O
adopted	O
16-bit	O
and	O
32-bit	O
2-way	O
form-length	O
instruction	O
formats	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
a	O
16-bit	O
external	O
bus	O
width	O
is	O
enough	O
to	O
provide	O
instructions	O
continuously	O
without	O
pipeline	B-General_Concept
stalling	O
,	O
which	O
enables	O
low	O
power	O
consumption	O
on	O
the	O
application	O
board	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
suitable	O
for	O
mobile	O
equipment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
concept	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
Renesas	O
(	O
formerly	O
,	O
Hitachi	O
)	O
SH	O
,	O
ARM	O
Thumb	O
,	O
and	O
MIPS16	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
architectures	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
is	O
carefully	O
implemented	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
to	O
execute	O
a	O
function	O
call	O
with	O
a	O
Jump	O
and	O
(	O
Register	O
)	O
Link	O
instruction	O
,	O
which	O
saves	O
the	O
next	O
program	B-General_Concept
counter	I-General_Concept
(	O
PC	B-Device
)	O
on	O
a	O
register	O
(	O
fixed	O
to	O
R31	O
in	O
V810	O
)	O
,	O
is	O
also	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
RISC	B-Architecture
techniques	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
instructions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typical	O
CISC	B-Architecture
processors	I-Architecture
use	O
call	O
and	O
return	O
instructions	O
and	O
push	O
the	O
next	O
PC	B-Device
on	O
their	O
stack	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
area	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
V810	O
and	O
V850	O
have	O
some	O
microarchitecture	B-General_Concept
differences	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
V810	O
adopts	O
a	O
microprogram	B-Device
operation	O
method	O
for	O
some	O
instructions	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
floating-point	B-Algorithm
arithmetic	I-Algorithm
and	O
bit	B-Data_Structure
string	I-Data_Structure
operations	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
V850	O
uses	O
a	O
one-hundred-percent	O
hardwired	O
control	O
method	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
V850	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
floating-point	B-Algorithm
arithmetic	I-Algorithm
and	O
bit	B-Device
manipulation	I-Device
instruction	I-Device
sets	I-Device
,	O
including	O
the	O
"	O
find	O
first	O
one/zero	O
"	O
(	O
search	O
1/0	O
;	O
SCH1x/SCH0x	O
)	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
"	O
set/clr/negate	O
a	O
bit	O
"	O
(	O
SET1/CLR1/NOT1	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Those	O
extended	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
sets	I-General_Concept
are	O
revived	O
in	O
V850E2x	O
extensions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Though	O
the	O
V800	O
series	O
adopts	O
a	O
RISC	B-Architecture
instruction	I-Architecture
set	I-Architecture
architecture	B-General_Concept
,	O
their	O
assembly	B-Language
language	I-Language
is	O
hand-coding	O
friendly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
adopt	O
a	O
straightforward	O
load/store	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
"	O
interlock	O
"	O
mechanism	O
,	O
both	O
for	O
the	O
data	O
hazards	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
branch	B-General_Concept
hazards	O
,	O
are	O
implemented	O
:	O
in	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
an	O
assembly	B-Language
language	I-Language
programmer	B-General_Concept
does	O
not	O
need	O
to	O
consider	O
any	O
delay	B-General_Concept
slots	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
32	O
general-purpose	O
registers	O
provide	O
flexibility	O
for	O
assembly	B-Language
language	I-Language
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
mixture	O
of	O
hand-assembled	O
codes	O
and	O
C	O
language	O
compiled	B-Language
codes	O
is	O
facilitated	O
by	O
using	O
compiler	B-Language
options	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
"	O
-mno-app-regs	O
"	O
in	O
the	O
Gnu	B-Application
Compiler	I-Application
Collection	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
IN	O
instruction	O
of	O
the	O
V810	O
,	O
which	O
enables	O
unsigned-load	O
from	O
memory-mapped	B-Architecture
I/O	I-Architecture
,	O
was	O
removed	O
from	O
the	O
first	O
V850s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
V850	O
series	O
added	O
many	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
extensions	O
,	O
but	O
all	O
the	O
extensions	O
have	O
backward	B-General_Concept
compatibility	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
generation	O
of	O
the	O
V850	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
unsigned	B-Algorithm
load	O
instructions	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
been	O
removed	O
from	O
the	O
V810	O
(	O
where	O
it	O
was	O
implemented	O
with	O
IN.H	O
and	O
IN.B	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Then	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
second	O
generation	O
V850E	O
(	O
V850E1	O
)	O
Series	O
,	O
such	O
unsigned	B-Algorithm
functionality	O
was	O
again	O
added	O
(	O
with	O
LD.HU	O
and	O
LD.BU	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
V850E	O
has	O
some	O
other	O
user-friendly	O
"	O
CISCy	B-Architecture
"	O
extensions	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
call	O
table	O
,	O
switch	O
,	O
and	O
prepare/dispose	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1996	O
,	O
the	O
V853	O
was	O
announced	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
32-bit	O
RISC	B-Architecture
microcontroller	B-Architecture
with	O
integrated	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1998	O
,	O
NEC	O
strategically	O
started	O
to	O
expand	O
the	O
V850	O
product	O
line	O
,	O
to	O
standard	O
,	O
application-specific_standard_product	O
(	O
ASSP	O
)	O
,	O
application-specific	O
integrated	O
circuit	O
(	O
ASIC	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
system	B-Architecture
on	I-Architecture
a	I-Architecture
chip	I-Architecture
(	O
SoC	O
)	O
businesses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2001	O
,	O
NEC	O
launched	O
V850ES	O
core	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
an	O
ultra-low-power	O
series	O
,	O
but	O
is	O
ISA-compatible	O
with	O
the	O
V850E	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2005	O
,	O
NEC	O
Electronics	O
introduced	O
V850E2	O
core	O
as	O
the	O
V850E2/ME3	O
product	O
line	O
with	O
super-scalar	B-General_Concept
architecture	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2009	O
,	O
NEC	O
Electronics	O
introduced	O
V850E2M	O
as	O
dual-core	O
with	O
2.56MIPS/MHz	O
and	O
1.5mW/MIPS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
only	O
way	O
to	O
know	O
about	O
its	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
is	O
to	O
reverse	O
engineer	O
it	O
with	O
the	O
GNU	B-Application
Compiler	I-Application
Collection	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
V810	O
and	O
V850	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
architecture	I-General_Concept
is	O
designed	O
for	O
ultra-low	O
power	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
V810	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
low-power	O
32-bit	O
microcontroller	B-Architecture
products	O
of	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
operates	O
at	O
from	O
2.2V	O
to	O
5.5V	O
with	O
a	O
5V	O
0.8μm	O
(	O
CZ4	O
)	O
fabrication	B-Architecture
process	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Measured	O
with	O
Dhrystone	O
MIPS	B-General_Concept
,	O
power	O
dissipation	O
is	O
500mW	O
at	O
15MIPS	O
and	O
40mW	O
at	O
6MIPS	O
,	O
at	O
5V	O
and	O
2.2V	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
specification	O
can	O
be	O
achieved	O
both	O
by	O
well	O
considered	O
instruction-set	O
architecture	B-General_Concept
and	O
by	O
precisely	O
tuned	O
5-stage	O
1-clock	O
pitch	O
pipeline	B-General_Concept
microarchitecture	B-General_Concept
,	O
both	O
of	O
which	O
are	O
the	O
benefit	O
of	O
a	O
simplified	O
RISC	B-Architecture
architecture	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
ultra-low-power	O
architecture	B-General_Concept
was	O
succeeded	O
by	O
V850/Sxn	O
product	O
line	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
still	O
being	O
mass	O
produced	O
after	O
20	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
of	O
the	O
improved	O
chips	O
are	O
produced	O
using	O
a	O
3.3V	O
,	O
0.35μm	O
(	O
UC1	O
)	O
fabrication	B-Architecture
process	I-Architecture
,	O
where	O
the	O
CPU	O
core	O
is	O
precisely	O
tuned	O
to	O
operate	O
from	O
1.8V	O
to	O
3.6V	O
,	O
working	O
at	O
32.768kHz	O
(	O
sub-oscillator	O
)	O
to	O
16.78MHz	O
(	O
main-oscillator	O
)	O
with	O
internal	O
oscillator	O
amplifier	O
plus	O
external	O
resonator	O
(	O
crystal	O
or	O
ceramic	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
power	O
dissipation	O
is	O
2.7mW/MIPS	O
at	O
3.3V	O
when	O
made	O
with	O
a	O
0.35μm	O
(	O
UC1	O
)	O
fabrication	B-Architecture
process	I-Architecture
,	O
and	O
3.6mW/MIPS	O
at	O
5V	O
with	O
a	O
0.35μm	O
(	O
CZ6	O
)	O
fabrication	B-Architecture
process	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Software	O
STOP	O
"	O
stand-by	O
mode	O
for	O
the	O
mask	B-Device
ROM	I-Device
version	O
of	O
V850/SA1	O
,	O
whose	O
internal	O
watch	O
timer	O
operates	O
at	O
3.3V	O
with	O
32.768kHz	O
sub-oscillator	O
(	O
IDD6	O
)	O
,	O
consumes	O
typically	O
only	O
8	O
μA	O
electrical	O
current	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
corresponds	O
to	O
1.0mW/MIPS	O
(	O
40μW	O
÷	O
0.032768MHz	O
÷	O
1.15DMIPS/MHz	O
÷	O
1000	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2011	O
,	O
NEC	O
launched	O
the	O
3rd	O
generation	O
microarchitecture	B-General_Concept
V850ES	O
ultra-low-power	O
series	O
,	O
which	O
achieves	O
1.43mW/MIPS	O
at	O
an	O
operating	O
voltage	O
range	O
of	O
from	O
2.2V	O
to	O
2.7V	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
but	O
this	O
first	O
implementation	O
of	O
V850ES	O
microarchitecture	B-General_Concept
seems	O
to	O
be	O
incomplete	O
compared	O
with	O
later	O
generations	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
architecture	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
"	O
Sub-IDLE	O
"	O
stand-by	O
mode	O
for	O
the	O
mask	B-Device
ROM	I-Device
version	O
of	O
V850ES/SA2	O
and	O
V850ES/SA3	O
,	O
whose	O
internal	O
RTC	O
operate	O
at	O
2.5V	O
with	O
32.768kHz	O
sub-oscillator	O
(	O
IDD6	O
)	O
,	O
consume	O
typically	O
only	O
5	O
μA	O
electrical	O
current	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
corresponds	O
to	O
1.6mW/MIPS	O
(	O
68μW	O
÷	O
0.032768MHz	O
÷	O
1.3	O
DMIPS/MHz	O
÷	O
1000	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
corresponds	O
to	O
0.52mW/MIPS	O
(	O
22μW	O
÷	O
0.032768MHz	O
÷	O
1.3	O
DMIPS/MHz	O
÷	O
1000	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
fabrication	B-Architecture
process	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
reason	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
V850E2x	O
core	O
has	O
a	O
128-bit	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
prefetch	I-General_Concept
bus	O
and	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
prefetch	I-General_Concept
queue	I-General_Concept
,	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
means	O
16	O
instructions	O
can	O
be	O
fetched	O
from	O
the	O
memory	O
at	O
once	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
memory	O
and	O
prefetch	O
circuits	O
sleep	O
fors	O
3	O
to	O
7	O
cycles	O
for	O
dual-pipeline	O
superscalar	B-General_Concept
architecture	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
peak	O
electric	O
current	O
exceeds	O
allowances	O
for	O
the	O
voltage	O
stabilizers	O
of	O
mobile	O
gadgets	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
for	O
V850E2M	O
CPU	O
core	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
publicly	O
introduced	O
as	O
1.5mW/MIPS	O
,	O
3	O
times	O
that	O
of	O
former	O
generations	O
,	O
although	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
new	O
fabrication	B-Architecture
process	I-Architecture
technologies	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
mobile	O
equipment	O
avoids	O
using	O
dual-instruction	O
execution	O
(	O
dual-pipeline	O
superscalar	B-General_Concept
)	O
,	O
adopting	O
the	O
single-instruction	O
(	O
single-pipeline	O
)	O
execution	O
setting	O
to	O
reduce	O
electrical	O
current	O
amplitude	O
differences	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
opcode	B-Language
(	O
operation	B-Language
code	I-Language
)	O
table	O
is	O
from	O
User	O
's	O
Manual	O
:	O
Architecture	B-General_Concept
(	O
refer	O
to	O
external	O
links	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
opcodes	B-Language
(	O
operation	B-Language
codes	I-Language
)	O
of	O
the	O
hardwired	O
control	O
operation	O
are	O
contained	O
within	O
the	O
first	O
16-bit	O
half-word	O
of	O
an	O
instruction	O
,	O
from	O
the	O
most	O
significant	O
bit	O
(	O
MSB	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
64-word	O
depth	O
ROM	B-Device
structure	O
with	O
branch	B-General_Concept
condition	O
code	O
table	O
is	O
enough	O
for	O
decoding	O
hardware	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microprogram	B-Device
control	O
operations	O
,	O
bit	B-Data_Structure
strings	I-Data_Structure
,	O
and	O
floating-point	B-Algorithm
arithmetic	I-Algorithm
instructions	O
are	O
also	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
second	O
16-bit	O
half-word	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unsigned	B-Algorithm
load	O
form	O
memory	B-Architecture
mapped	I-Architecture
I/O	I-Architecture
is	O
implemented	O
as	O
the	O
In	O
instruction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
V810	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
saturation	O
arithmetic	O
instructions	O
,	O
but	O
1	O
additional	O
instruction	O
in	O
format	O
II	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
SAT	O
which	O
checks	O
flags	O
(	O
Overflow	O
,	O
Sign	O
,	O
Zero	O
,	O
and	O
Half-word	O
)	O
and	O
rewrites	O
the	O
specified	O
register	O
,	O
might	O
be	O
enough	O
both	O
for	O
signed	O
and	O
unsigned	B-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
for	O
word	O
and	O
half-word	O
,	O
arithmetic	O
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CPU	O
core	O
Product	O
variants	O
GCC	B-Application
targeting	O
options	O
Remarks	O
V810(1991 )	O
V810	O
family(V810, V805 V820, V821 )	O
Revert	O
patch	O
required.Available	O
on	O
Planet	O
Virtual	O
Boy.GCC	O
named	O
gccVB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Obsoleted	O
products.Unsigned	O
&	O
signed	O
load.μcoded	O
float	B-Algorithm
(	O
single	O
)	O
5-stage	O
pipeline.6.7	O
mW/MIPS	O
(	O
5	O
V	O
Product	O
)	O
V810(1997 )	O
V830	O
family( V830	O
—	O
V832	O
)	O
ditto	O
Obsoleted	O
products.High	O
end	O
products.Multimedia	O
extension	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
V850(1994 )	O
V850	O
family	O
startedV851	O
—	O
V852V853	O
,	O
V854	O
none	O
or	O
-mv850	O
Obsoleted	O
products.5-stage	O
pipeline.4.4	O
mW/MIPS	O
(	O
5	O
V	O
product	O
)	O
V850(1997 )	O
V850/xxn	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
V850/SA1	O
)	O
none	O
or	O
-mv850	O
Not	O
for	O
new	O
developments.Signed	O
load.1.15	O
Dhrystone	O
MIPS/MHzUltra	O
-low	O
power	O
products.3.6	O
mW/MIPS	O
(	O
5	O
V	O
product	O
)	O
2.7	O
mW/MIPS	O
(	O
3.3V	O
product	O
)	O
1.0	O
mW/MIPS	O
(	O
1.8	O
V	O
Sub-ope	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
V850E(1996 )	O
V850E/MS1	O
,	O
V850E/MS2	O
-mv850e	O
Not	O
for	O
new	O
developments.Unsigned	O
&	O
signed	O
load.1.3	O
Dhrystone	O
MIPS/MHzStandard	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
-mv850e1	O
or	O
‑mv850es	O
Unsigned	B-Algorithm
&	O
signed	O
load.N-Wire	O
and	O
N-Trace.Standard	O
products.SoC	O
Products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
V850ES/SA2	O
)	O
-mv850es	O
or	O
‑mv850e1	O
Unsigned	B-Algorithm
&	O
signed	O
load.Ultra-low	O
power	O
products.1.43	O
mW/MIPS	O
(	O
2.5	O
V	O
product	O
)	O
0.52	O
mW/MIPS	O
(	O
2.0	O
V	O
Sub-ope	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
H/W	O
float	B-Algorithm
(	O
single	O
precision	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
)	O
7-stage	O
pipeline.S/W	O
float.Standard	O
Products.SoC	O
Products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FIX	O
ME	O
)	O
NB85E2	O
SoC	O
core	O
-mv850e2	O
Errata	O
cleaned	O
up.Dual	O
instruction	O
executing.7-stage	O
pipeline.S/W	O
float.Standard	O
Products.SoC	O
Products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
V850E2/FG4	O
)	O
RH850/nxn	O
-mv850e2v3	O
and	O
-msoft-float	O
S/W	O
float.Dual	O
instruction	O
executing.7-stage	O
pipeline.2.56	O
Dhrystone	O
MIPS/MHz1.5	O
mW/MIPSMulti	O
CPU	O
core	O
support.Memory	O
Protection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
V850E2/MN4	O
)	O
RH850/nxn	O
-mv850e2v3	O
H/W	O
float	B-Algorithm
(	O
double	O
precision	O
)	O
.Dual	O
instruction	O
executing.7-stage	O
pipeline.2.56	O
Dhrystone	O
MIPS/MHzMulti	O
CPU	O
core	O
support.Memory	O
Protection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
V850E2/Fx4	O
-L	O
)	O
RH850xnx	O
-mv850e2v3	O
and	O
‑msoft‑float	O
S/W	O
float.5-stage	O
pipeline.1.9	O
Dhrystone	O
MIPS/MHzMulti	O
CPU	O
core	O
support.Memory	O
Protection.Ultra-ultra-low	O
power.Standard	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RH850/C1H	O
)	O
-mv850e2v4	O
and	O
‑	O
mloopor-mv850e3v5	O
and	O
‑mloop	O
SIMD	O
extension.64-bit	O
multiple	O
load/store.Loop	O
extension.H/W	O
float	B-Algorithm
(	O
double	O
precision	O
)	O
.Memory	O
Protection.Multi	O
CPU	O
core	O
support.Automotive	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Various	O
SoCs	B-Architecture
utilize	O
this	O
core	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NA85E2C	O
core	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
developed	O
using	O
a	O
1.5V	O
150nm	O
CB-12L	O
(	O
UX4L	O
)	O
fabrication	B-Architecture
process	I-Architecture
,	O
</s>
<s>
has	O
many	O
errata	O
(	O
4	O
pages	O
appendix	O
in	O
preliminary	O
architecture	B-General_Concept
manual	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
NEC	O
also	O
expanded	O
production	O
of	O
a	O
core	O
using	O
a	O
130nm	O
CB-130	O
(	O
UX5	O
)	O
fabrication	B-Architecture
process	I-Architecture
,	O
</s>
<s>
FPGA	B-Architecture
prototyping	O
systems	O
for	O
V850E1	O
,	O
V850E2	O
,	O
and	O
V850E2M	O
core-based	O
SoCs	B-Architecture
were	O
intensively	O
developed	O
to	O
expand	O
the	O
SoC	O
business	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
comprised	O
a	O
V850	O
CPU	O
core	O
LSI	O
(	O
TEG	O
,	O
or	O
Test	O
Element	O
Group	O
)	O
board	O
and	O
FPGA	B-Architecture
add-ons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
SoC	O
products	O
were	O
for	O
mobile	O
equipments	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
power	O
dissipation	O
of	O
original	O
V800-Series	O
RISC	B-Architecture
architecture	B-General_Concept
was	O
much	O
lower	O
compared	O
with	O
CISC	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
ARM	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
that	O
is	O
widely	O
used	O
for	O
mobile	O
gadgets	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Currently	O
,	O
Renesas	O
Electronics	O
is	O
designing	O
a	O
"	O
dual	O
"	O
"	O
lockstep	B-General_Concept
"	O
system	O
,	O
but	O
its	O
predecessor	O
NEC	O
V60-V80	O
had	O
"	O
multiple	O
modular	O
"	O
lockstep	B-General_Concept
mechanism	O
called	O
FRM	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
multiprocessor	O
implementation	O
is	O
called	O
MUSTARD	O
(	O
Multiprocessor	O
Unix	O
for	O
Embedded	B-Architecture
Real-Time	B-Operating_System
Systems	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
operate	O
a	O
maximum	O
of	O
8	O
processors	O
simultaneously	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
lockstep	B-General_Concept
mechanism	O
was	O
dynamically	O
configurable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2006	O
,	O
Metrowerks	O
developed	O
the	O
CodeWarrior	B-Operating_System
compiler	B-Language
for	O
the	O
V850	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
compilers	B-Language
for	O
the	O
V850	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
sales	O
revenue	O
of	O
"	O
V850	O
total	O
solutions	O
"	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
development	B-Application
tools	I-Application
,	O
real-time	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
,	O
middle-ware	O
packages	O
,	O
and	O
in-circuit	B-Application
emulators	I-Application
,	O
also	O
decreased	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2008	O
,	O
KMC	O
(	O
Kyoto	O
Mictocomputer	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
major	O
and	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
providers	O
of	O
in-circuit	B-Application
emulators	I-Application
for	O
the	O
V850	O
family	O
,	O
announced	O
"	O
exeGCC	O
"	O
being	O
updated	O
from	O
Rel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
V850	O
CPU	O
cores	O
run	O
uClinux	B-Application
,	O
</s>
<s>
but	O
on	O
October	O
9	O
,	O
2008	O
,	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
support	O
for	O
the	O
V850	O
was	O
removed	O
in	O
revision	O
2.6.27.	O
,	O
because	O
NEC	O
stopped	O
its	O
maintenance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
person	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
V850	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
maintenance	O
was	O
moved	O
from	O
NEC	O
to	O
Renesas	O
by	O
its	O
merger	O
,	O
but	O
his	O
new	O
job	O
was	O
compiler	B-Language
design	O
and	O
never	O
returned	O
to	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
maintenance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
corporate	O
decision	O
prevented	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
porting	O
to	O
Android	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2018	O
,	O
Renesas	O
Electronics	O
mainly	O
focuses	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
support	O
on	O
SH3/SH4	O
and	O
M32R	O
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
C	B-Language
runtime	I-Language
startup	I-Language
routine	I-Language
(	O
crt0.S	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
latest	O
v850e3v5	O
microarchitecture	B-General_Concept
is	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
V850	O
Operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
are	O
mostly	O
real-time	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
require	O
a	O
memory	B-General_Concept
protection	I-General_Concept
unit	I-General_Concept
(	O
MPU	O
)	O
to	O
divide	O
tasks	O
(	O
or	O
threads	B-Operating_System
)	O
strictly	O
for	O
reliability	B-Protocol
and	O
safety	O
reasons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
such	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
v850e2v3	O
(	O
Gen	O
.	O
3	O
)	O
microarchitecture	B-General_Concept
,	O
or	O
above	O
,	O
is	O
required	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ITRON	O
is	O
an	O
open	O
standard	O
specification	O
of	O
real-time	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
(	O
RTOS	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
major	O
in	O
Japan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
specification	O
is	O
defined	O
under	O
the	O
leadership	O
of	O
Ken	B-Algorithm
Sakamura	I-Algorithm
,	O
as	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
TRON	O
project	O
,	O
the	O
initialr	O
I	O
standing	O
for	O
"	O
Industrial	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AUTOSAR	B-Application
is	O
an	O
open	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
of	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
for	O
the	O
automotive	O
industry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
purpose	O
is	O
to	O
standardize	O
electronic	B-Device
control	I-Device
units	I-Device
(	O
ECU	O
)	O
for	O
automotive	O
engines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AUTOSAR	B-Application
is	O
an	O
upward	O
compatible	O
specification	O
of	O
OSEK/VDX	B-Application
,	O
which	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
German	O
consortium	B-Application
established	O
in	O
1993	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SEGGERembOS	O
V850	O
NEC	O
,	O
embOS	O
V850	O
Green	O
Hills	O
,	O
embOS	O
V850	O
IARWind	O
River	O
Systems:VxWorks	O
:	O
Ported	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1990s.The	O
Tornado	O
IDE	O
is	O
stated	O
that	O
MP	O
licenses	O
has	O
been	O
sold	O
via	O
NEC	O
in	O
2000	O
,	O
currently	O
Renesas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
9th	O
2008	O
,	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
support	O
for	O
V850	O
was	O
removed	O
in	O
revision	O
2.6.27	O
,	O
preventing	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
porting	O
Android	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Various	O
middleware	B-General_Concept
application	B-Application
softwares	I-Application
are	O
provided	O
from	O
various	O
vendors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
of	O
the	O
compilers	B-Language
,	O
for	O
both	O
for	O
the	O
V850	O
family	O
and	O
the	O
RH850	O
family	O
,	O
are	O
exactly	O
the	O
same	O
product	O
,	O
and	O
extended	O
ISA	B-General_Concept
targets	O
are	O
controlled	O
by	O
command	B-Application
line	I-Application
options	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Compilers	B-Language
for	O
the	O
V850	O
family	O
and	O
the	O
RH850	O
family	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GNU	B-Application
Compiler	I-Application
Collection	I-Application
(	O
the	O
name	O
is	O
still	O
v850	O
for	O
RH850	O
)	O
developed	O
both	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
CA850	O
C	O
compiler	B-Language
for	O
V850E1	O
and	O
V850ES	O
(	O
v850e1	O
and/or	O
v850es	O
,	O
a.k.a.	O
</s>
<s>
CX	O
C	O
compiler	B-Language
for	O
V850E2M	O
and	O
V850E2S	O
(	O
v850e2v3	O
,	O
a.k.a.	O
</s>
<s>
Gen	O
.	O
3	O
)	O
Software	O
Package	B-Algorithm
for	O
V850	O
 [ SP850 ] 	O
for	O
V850E2	O
(v850e2(v2 )	O
,	O
a.k.a.	O
</s>
<s>
Usually	O
,	O
dis-assemblers	O
are	O
provided	O
as	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
C	O
compiler	B-Language
or	O
assembler	B-Language
packages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Radare2	B-Language
:	O
Radare2	B-Language
is	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
command-line	B-Application
programming	B-Application
tools	I-Application
for	O
reverse	O
engineering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Open-source	B-License
code	O
is	O
available	O
from	O
GitHub	B-Application
repository	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
IDA	B-Application
Pro	I-Application
:	O
IDA	B-Application
Pro	I-Application
is	O
a	O
freeware	B-License
disassembler	O
for	O
hobby	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
plugin	B-Application
for	O
V850	O
is	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GUI	B-Application
based	O
program	B-Application
debuggers	B-Application
are	O
mainly	O
provided	O
for	O
debugging	O
of	O
compiled	B-Language
source	O
codes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Usually	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
used	O
with	O
instruction	B-Application
set	I-Application
simulators	I-Application
or	O
in-circuit	B-Application
emulators	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
ID850	O
:	O
For	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
CA850	O
compiler	B-Language
and	O
SM850	O
instruction	B-Application
set	I-Application
simulator	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
ID850NW	O
:	O
For	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
N-Wire	O
based	O
in-circuit	B-Application
emulators	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
GHS	O
(	O
Green	O
Hills	O
Software	O
)	O
:	O
Multi	O
:	O
General-purpose	O
debugger	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Red	O
Hat	O
,	O
Inc.	O
:	O
Insight	O
(	O
GDB-Tk	O
)	O
:	O
GUI	B-Application
front-end	O
tightly	O
combined	O
with	O
GNU	B-Language
Debugger	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
N-Wire	O
based	O
in-circuit	B-Application
emulator	I-Application
vendors	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Instruction	B-Application
set	I-Application
simulator	I-Application
,	O
in	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
Virtual	O
Platform	O
is	O
provided	O
to	O
perform	O
debugging	O
without	O
equipment	O
's	O
hardware	B-Architecture
before	O
testing	O
on	O
a	O
real	O
machine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
method	O
is	O
classified	O
as	O
dynamic	B-Application
code	O
analysis	O
and	O
static	O
code	O
analysis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AZ850	O
System	O
Performance	O
Analyzer	O
is	O
a	O
utility	O
for	O
RX850	O
real-time	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
to	O
evaluate	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
application	B-Application
programs	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Coverage	O
Master	O
winAMS	O
is	O
a	O
source	O
code	B-Application
coverage	I-Application
measurement	O
tool	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IDE	O
,	O
Integrated	B-Application
Development	I-Application
Environment	I-Application
,	O
is	O
a	O
framework	O
to	O
provide	O
software	O
development	O
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
in-circuit	B-Application
emulators	I-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
Renesas	O
's	O
IE850	O
(	O
formerly	O
IECUBE2	O
)	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
both	O
the	O
V850	O
family	O
and	O
the	O
RH850	O
family	O
,	O
but	O
may	O
require	O
firmware	B-Application
updating	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
to	O
the	O
Aurora	B-Protocol
Trace	O
(	O
differential	O
signaling	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Full	O
probing	O
pod	O
type	O
in-circuit	B-Application
emulator	I-Application
is	O
sometimes	O
called	O
full	O
ICE	O
or	O
legacy	O
ICE	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
primarily	O
compiled	B-Language
by	O
Philips	O
N.V.	O
(	O
currently	O
NXP	O
Semiconductors	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
result	O
,	O
each	O
semiconductor	O
and	O
in-circuit	B-Application
emulator	I-Application
vendor	O
implemented	O
similar	O
interfaces	O
independently	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nexus	O
or	O
IEEE-ISTO	O
5001-2003	O
is	O
a	O
standard	O
debugging	O
interface	O
for	O
embedded	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Aurora	B-Protocol
is	O
a	O
high	O
speed	O
signal	O
transfer	O
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
data	B-Protocol
link	I-Protocol
layer	I-Protocol
communications	O
protocol	O
is	O
a	O
point-to-point	O
serial	B-Protocol
links	I-Protocol
,	O
and	O
physical	B-Application
layer	I-Application
is	O
a	O
high	O
speed	O
differential	O
signaling	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
the	O
V850	O
family	O
is	O
developed	O
as	O
a	O
single	B-Architecture
chip	I-Architecture
microcontroller	I-Architecture
,	O
every	O
product	O
integrates	O
non-volatile	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
its	O
first	O
stage	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
one-time	B-General_Concept
programmable	I-General_Concept
or	O
UV	B-General_Concept
EPROM	I-General_Concept
type	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
V853	O
,	O
V850/xxn	O
Series	O
,	O
and	O
later	O
,	O
it	O
becomes	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
type	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
gang	O
writer	O
,	O
or	O
a	O
gang	O
programmer	B-General_Concept
,	O
is	O
an	O
old	O
terminology	B-Language
for	O
programmable	B-General_Concept
ROM	I-General_Concept
writers	B-General_Concept
,	I-General_Concept
or	I-General_Concept
programmers	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
usual	O
,	O
instead	O
of	O
a	O
programmed	O
master	O
device	O
,	O
an	O
object	B-Language
code	I-Language
file	O
can	O
be	O
copied	O
from	O
a	O
PC	B-Device
via	O
download	O
cable	O
,	O
or	O
from	O
a	O
USB	O
stick	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
gang	O
writers	O
accept	O
ASCII-format	O
files	O
such	O
as	O
Intel	O
HEX	O
and	O
Motorola	O
SREC	O
,	O
or	O
binary	O
format	O
files	O
such	O
as	O
ELF	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Device
ROM	I-Device
programming	O
service	O
providers	O
exist	O
in	O
most	O
countries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nowadays	O
,	O
it	O
provides	O
flash	B-Device
ROM	I-Device
programming	O
services	O
for	O
various	O
devices	O
,	O
including	O
V850	O
and	O
RH850	O
,	O
with	O
its	O
own	O
gang	O
writers	O
and	O
full	O
automatic	O
device	O
handler	O
machines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
JTAG-based	O
in-circuit	B-Application
emulators	I-Application
have	O
an	O
on	O
board	O
flash	B-Device
ROM	I-Device
programming	O
function	O
via	O
a	O
debug	O
port	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
On-board	O
programming	O
is	O
also	O
available	O
via	O
UARTx	O
or	O
CSIx+HS	O
peripherals	O
on	O
V850	O
devices	O
by	O
using	O
dedicated	O
programmer	B-General_Concept
hardware	B-Architecture
(	O
depends	O
on	O
devices	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
and	O
V852	O
,	O
an	O
ancient	O
PROM	B-General_Concept
programmer	I-General_Concept
with	O
dedicated	O
adapter	O
is	O
required	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Renesas	O
PG-1500	O
is	O
a	O
programmable	B-General_Concept
ROM	I-General_Concept
writer	O
compatible	O
with	O
27C1001A	O
devices	O
,	O
UV	B-General_Concept
EPROM	I-General_Concept
,	O
or	O
one-time	B-General_Concept
PROM	I-General_Concept
(	O
OTP	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
must	O
NOT	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
modern	O
flash	B-Device
ROM	I-Device
burning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
gray	O
zone	O
hacking	O
tools	O
exist	O
for	O
V850	O
on	O
car	O
dashboards	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Renesas	O
:	O
TK-850	O
:	O
The	O
name	O
is	O
influenced	O
by	O
nostalgia	B-Application
for	O
the	O
TK-80	B-Device
8080-based	O
training	O
kit	O
.	O
</s>
