<s>
The	O
N200	B-Algorithm
,	O
or	O
N2	O
,	O
is	O
an	O
event-related	B-Algorithm
potential	I-Algorithm
(	O
ERP	O
)	O
component	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
ERP	O
can	O
be	O
monitored	O
using	O
a	O
non-invasive	O
electroencephalography	B-Application
(	O
EEG	B-Application
)	O
cap	O
that	O
is	O
fitted	O
over	O
the	O
scalp	O
on	O
human	O
subjects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
EEG	B-Application
cap	O
allows	O
researchers	O
and	O
clinicians	O
to	O
monitor	O
the	O
minute	O
electrical	O
activity	O
that	O
reaches	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
the	O
scalp	O
from	O
post-synaptic	B-Algorithm
potentials	I-Algorithm
in	O
neurons	O
,	O
which	O
fluctuate	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
cognitive	O
processing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EEG	B-Application
provides	O
millisecond-level	O
temporal	O
resolution	O
and	O
is	O
therefore	O
known	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
direct	O
measures	O
of	O
covert	O
mental	O
operations	O
in	O
the	O
brain	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
N200	B-Algorithm
in	O
particular	O
is	O
a	O
negative-going	O
wave	O
that	O
peaks	O
200-350ms	O
post-stimulus	O
and	O
is	O
found	O
primarily	O
over	O
anterior	O
scalp	O
sites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Past	O
research	O
focused	O
on	O
the	O
N200	B-Algorithm
as	O
a	O
mismatch	O
detector	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
found	O
to	O
reflect	O
executive	O
cognitive	O
control	O
functions	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
recently	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
language	O
(	O
Folstein	O
&	O
Van	O
Petten	O
,	O
2008	O
;	O
Schmitt	O
,	O
Münte	O
,	O
&	O
Kutas	O
,	O
2000	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
N2	O
component	O
starts	O
with	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
EEG	B-Application
which	O
dates	O
back	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
1929	O
with	O
Hans	O
Berger	O
demonstrating	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
record	O
electrical	O
activity	O
of	O
the	O
brain	O
by	O
simply	O
placing	O
electrodes	O
over	O
the	O
scalp	O
and	O
then	O
amplifying	O
the	O
signal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
,	O
in	O
1936	O
,	O
researcher	O
Pauline	O
and	O
Hallowell	O
Davis	O
manipulated	O
events	O
in	O
the	O
environment	O
and	O
recorded	O
the	O
first	O
known	O
ERP	B-Algorithm
's	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
experiments	O
to	O
find	O
evidence	O
of	O
an	O
N200	B-Algorithm
was	O
by	O
Sutton	O
,	O
Braren	O
,	O
and	O
Zubin	O
(	O
1965	O
)	O
when	O
examining	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
stimulus	O
uncertainty	O
on	O
sensory	O
potentials	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
researchers	O
occasionally	O
found	O
a	O
negativity	O
that	O
peaked	O
on	O
average	O
190ms	O
post-stimulus	O
in	O
the	O
uncertain	O
condition	O
(	O
N200	B-Algorithm
)	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
a	O
positivity	O
300ms	O
post-stimulus	O
(	O
P300	B-Algorithm
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
1965	O
)	O
,	O
subsequent	O
research	O
further	O
manipulated	O
stimulus	O
uncertainty	O
in	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
elicit	O
a	O
more	O
robust	O
N200	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
N200	B-Algorithm
has	O
been	O
found	O
in	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
different	O
experimental	O
conditions	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
now	O
thought	O
to	O
consist	O
of	O
several	O
subcomponents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
N200	B-Algorithm
in	O
response	O
to	O
attended	O
or	O
unattended	O
deviant	O
auditory	O
stimuli	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
what	O
was	O
originally	O
seen	O
in	O
Sutton	O
et	O
al	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
1965	O
)	O
,	O
is	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
the	O
mismatch	B-Algorithm
negativity	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
the	O
no-go	O
N200	B-Algorithm
,	O
which	O
is	O
elicited	O
on	O
no-go	O
trials	O
in	O
go/no	O
-go	O
tasks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
N200	B-Algorithm
is	O
seen	O
in	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
experimental	O
paradigms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
N200	B-Algorithm
is	O
normally	O
seen	O
on	O
incompatible	O
trials	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
task	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
utilized	O
to	O
elicit	O
a	O
N200	B-Algorithm
is	O
the	O
go/no	O
-go	O
task	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
N200	B-Algorithm
is	O
most	O
often	O
seen	O
on	O
no-go	O
trials	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
go/no	O
-go	O
paradigm	O
with	O
N200	B-Algorithm
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
indicate	O
the	O
timing	O
of	O
information	O
noting	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
good	O
candidate	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
order	O
of	O
language	O
processing	O
and	O
production	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
2000	O
)	O
utilized	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
N200	B-Algorithm
in	O
the	O
go/no	O
-go	O
paradigm	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
timing	O
of	O
semantic	O
and	O
phonological	O
information	O
processing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EEG	B-Application
of	O
the	O
participants	O
were	O
analyzed	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
researchers	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
peak	O
latency	O
of	O
the	O
N200	B-Algorithm
occurred	O
earlier	O
when	O
the	O
response	O
was	O
contingent	O
on	O
semantic	O
information	O
than	O
on	O
phonological	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Researchers	O
have	O
also	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
show	O
that	O
some	O
forms	O
of	O
knowledge	O
are	O
available	O
from	O
written	O
words	O
as	O
quickly	O
as	O
160	O
ms	O
by	O
capitalizing	O
on	O
the	O
go/nogo	O
paradigm	O
associated	O
with	O
N200	B-Algorithm
to	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
latency	O
,	O
amplitude	O
,	O
and	O
distribution	O
of	O
the	O
N200	B-Algorithm
are	O
sensitive	O
to	O
several	O
factors	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
experiment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
N200	B-Algorithm
is	O
often	O
seen	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
complex	O
of	O
components	O
including	O
the	O
P3a	B-Algorithm
and	O
P3b	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
N200	B-Algorithm
component	O
responds	O
functionally	O
much	O
like	O
the	O
P3b	B-Algorithm
component	O
in	O
that	O
stimulus	O
probability	O
can	O
affect	O
the	O
amplitude	O
of	O
both	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
Eriksen	O
flanker	O
task	O
and	O
go/no	O
-go	O
paradigm	O
,	O
the	O
peak	O
amplitude	O
of	O
the	O
N200	B-Algorithm
increases	O
for	O
incompatible	O
and	O
for	O
no-go	O
trials	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
N200	B-Algorithm
is	O
primarily	O
distributed	O
over	O
anterior	O
brain	O
regions	O
,	O
posterior	O
distributions	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
visual	O
attention	O
paradigms	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
visual	O
search	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Component	O
N2a	O
or	O
Auditory	O
MMN	O
N2b	O
N2c	O
General	O
Location	O
:	O
Frontocentral/Anterior	O
Frontocentral/Anterior	O
Posterior	O
Co-component	O
:	O
----	O
Observed	O
along	O
with	O
frontal	O
P3a	B-Algorithm
component	O
Observed	O
along	O
with	O
P3b	B-Algorithm
component	O
Attention	O
:	O
Attention	O
not	O
required	O
in	O
repetitive	O
stimulus	O
presentation	O
Requires	O
conscious	O
stimulus	O
attention	O
Requires	O
conscious	O
stimulus	O
attention	O
Scalp	O
Distribution	O
:	O
Anterior	O
scalp	O
distribution	O
for	O
auditory	O
stimuli	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Presence	O
of	O
an	O
N200	B-Algorithm
on	O
no-go	O
trials	O
suggests	O
that	O
the	O
N200	B-Algorithm
reflects	O
a	O
cognitive	O
control	O
function	O
,	O
specifically	O
an	O
inhibitory	O
response	O
control	O
mechanism	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
theory	O
of	O
the	O
N200	B-Algorithm
as	O
a	O
response-inhibition	O
mechanism	O
has	O
been	O
debated	O
by	O
Donkers	O
and	O
van	O
Boxtel	O
(	O
2004	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Evidence	O
of	O
a	O
N200	B-Algorithm
was	O
present	O
in	O
both	O
the	O
no-go	O
and	O
GO	O
task	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
researchers	O
reasoned	O
that	O
the	O
N200	B-Algorithm
does	O
not	O
represent	O
response-inhibition	O
,	O
but	O
rather	O
conflict	O
monitoring	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
still	O
clear	O
that	O
the	O
N200	B-Algorithm
represents	O
some	O
cognitive	O
control	O
function	O
.	O
</s>
