<s>
The	O
document	O
is	O
a	O
technical	O
report	O
specifying	O
a	O
multimodal	B-Application
system	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
and	O
its	O
generic	O
interfaces	O
to	O
facilitate	O
integration	O
and	O
multimodal	B-Application
interaction	I-Application
management	O
in	O
a	O
computer	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
been	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
W3C	O
's	O
Multimodal	B-Application
Interaction	I-Application
Working	O
Group	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Multimodal	B-General_Concept
Architecture	I-General_Concept
and	I-General_Concept
Interfaces	I-General_Concept
recommendation	O
introduces	O
a	O
generic	O
structure	O
and	O
a	O
communication	O
protocol	O
to	O
allow	O
the	O
modules	O
in	O
a	O
multimodal	B-Application
system	O
to	O
communicate	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
specification	O
proposes	O
an	O
event-driven	B-Application
architecture	I-Application
as	O
a	O
general	O
frame	O
of	O
reference	O
focused	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
flow	O
data	O
exchange	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
basic	O
infrastructures	O
needed	O
to	O
command	O
the	O
application	O
's	O
multimodal	B-Application
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
architecture	O
is	O
also	O
proposed	O
to	O
facilitate	O
the	O
task	O
of	O
implementing	O
several	O
types	O
of	O
multimodal	B-Application
services	O
providers	O
on	O
multiple	O
devices	O
:	O
mobile	O
devices	O
and	O
cell	O
phones	O
,	O
home	O
appliances	O
,	O
Internet	B-Operating_System
of	I-Operating_System
Things	I-Operating_System
objects	O
,	O
television	O
and	O
home	O
networks	O
,	O
enterprise	O
applications	O
,	O
web	O
applications	O
,	O
"	O
smart	O
"	O
cars	O
or	O
on	O
medical	O
devices	O
and	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multimodal	B-General_Concept
Architecture	I-General_Concept
and	I-General_Concept
Interfaces	I-General_Concept
is	O
the	O
specified	O
description	O
of	O
a	O
larger	O
services	O
infrastructure	O
called	O
which	O
provides	O
the	O
main	O
functions	O
that	O
a	O
multimodal	B-Application
system	O
can	O
need	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
framework	B-Architecture
is	O
at	O
a	O
higher	O
level	O
of	O
abstraction	O
than	O
the	O
MMI	O
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
is	O
the	O
runtime	B-Device
support	I-Device
and	O
communication	O
modules	O
of	O
the	O
multimodal	B-Application
system	O
while	O
MMI	O
Architecture	O
is	O
the	O
description	O
and	O
the	O
specification	O
of	O
its	O
main	O
modules	O
,	O
its	O
interfaces	O
and	O
its	O
communication	O
modes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Multimodal	B-General_Concept
Architecture	I-General_Concept
and	I-General_Concept
Interfaces	I-General_Concept
specification	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
MVC	O
design	O
pattern	O
,	O
that	O
proposes	O
to	O
organize	O
the	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
structure	O
in	O
three	O
parts	O
:	O
the	O
Model	O
,	O
the	O
View	O
and	O
the	O
Controller	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
particularity	O
of	O
this	O
architecture	O
is	O
that	O
although	O
the	O
presentation	O
layer	O
represented	O
by	O
theView	O
has	O
traditionally	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
graphical	B-Application
interfaces	I-Application
;	O
this	O
recommendation	O
abstraction	O
generalizes	O
the	O
View	O
to	O
the	O
broader	O
context	O
of	O
the	O
multimodal	B-Application
interaction	I-Application
,	O
where	O
the	O
user	O
can	O
use	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
visual	O
,	O
auditory	O
,	O
biometric	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
tactile	O
modalities	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MMI	O
Architecture	O
recommendation	O
distinguishes	O
three	O
types	O
of	O
components	B-Architecture
:	O
the	O
Interaction	O
Manager	O
–	O
IM	O
,	O
the	O
Data	O
Component	O
–	O
DC	O
and	O
the	O
Modality	B-General_Concept
Components	B-Architecture
–	O
MC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
modules	O
are	O
black	O
boxes	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
encapsulate	O
several	O
components	B-Architecture
in	O
a	O
more	O
complex	O
component	O
,	O
which	O
communicate	O
with	O
an	O
Interaction	O
Manager	O
at	O
a	O
higher	O
level	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
specification	O
also	O
covers	O
the	O
issues	O
of	O
a	O
distributed	B-Architecture
implementation	O
on	O
multiple	O
material	O
resources	O
in	O
a	O
network	O
or	O
a	O
centralized	B-General_Concept
implementation	O
,	O
with	O
all	O
the	O
modules	O
installed	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
material	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Information	O
sharing	O
between	O
modules	O
is	O
loose	B-Application
coupled	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
way	O
,	O
the	O
modules	O
have	O
little	O
or	O
no	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
functioning	O
of	O
any	O
other	O
modules	O
and	O
the	O
communication	O
between	O
modules	O
is	O
done	O
through	O
the	O
exchange	O
of	O
messages	O
following	O
a	O
precise	O
communication	O
protocol	O
provided	O
by	O
the	O
architecture	O
's	O
API	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
interaction	O
manager	O
is	O
a	O
logical	O
component	O
,	O
responsible	O
for	O
all	O
message	O
exchanges	O
between	O
the	O
components	B-Architecture
of	O
the	O
system	O
and	O
the	O
multimodal	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
communication	B-General_Concept
bus	I-General_Concept
and	O
also	O
an	O
event	O
handler	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
controller	O
is	O
the	O
core	O
of	O
the	O
multimodal	B-Application
interaction	I-Application
:	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
manages	O
the	O
specific	O
behaviors	O
triggered	O
by	O
the	O
events	O
exchanged	O
between	O
the	O
various	O
input	O
and	O
output	O
components	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
manages	O
the	O
communication	O
between	O
the	O
modules	O
and	O
the	O
client	B-Protocol
application	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
focus	B-Application
management	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
modality	B-General_Concept
components	B-Architecture
are	O
responsible	O
for	O
specific	O
tasks	O
,	O
including	O
handling	O
inputs	O
and	O
outputs	O
in	O
various	O
ways	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
speech	O
,	O
writing	O
,	O
video	O
,	O
etc	O
..	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
are	O
logical	O
entities	O
that	O
handles	O
the	O
input	O
and	O
output	O
of	O
different	O
hardware	O
devices	O
(	O
microphone	O
,	O
graphic	O
tablet	O
,	O
keyboard	O
)	O
and	O
software	O
services	O
(	O
motion	O
detection	O
,	O
biometric	O
changes	O
)	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
multimodal	B-Application
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
(	O
see	O
figure	O
below	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
modality	B-General_Concept
component	O
A	O
can	O
be	O
charged	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
speech	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
and	O
the	O
audio	O
input	O
management	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
modality	B-General_Concept
component	O
B	O
can	O
manage	O
the	O
complementary	O
command	O
inputs	O
on	O
two	O
different	O
devices	O
:	O
a	O
graphics	O
tablet	O
and	O
a	O
microphone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
modality	B-General_Concept
components	B-Architecture
C	O
,	O
can	O
manage	O
separately	O
two	O
complementary	O
inputs	O
given	O
by	O
a	O
single	O
device	O
:	O
a	O
camcorder	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
And	O
finally	O
,	O
a	O
modality	B-General_Concept
component	O
D	O
,	O
can	O
use	O
an	O
external	O
recognition	B-Application
web	O
service	O
and	O
only	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
communication	O
exchanges	O
needed	O
for	O
the	O
recognition	B-Application
task	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
all	O
four	O
cases	O
the	O
system	O
has	O
a	O
generic	O
modality	B-General_Concept
component	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
a	O
voice	B-Application
command	I-Application
input	O
,	O
despite	O
the	O
differences	O
in	O
implementation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Any	O
modality	B-General_Concept
component	O
can	O
potentially	O
wrap	O
multiple	O
features	O
provided	O
by	O
multiple	O
physical	O
devices	O
but	O
also	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
modality	B-General_Concept
component	O
could	O
be	O
included	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
this	O
extent	O
the	O
modality	B-General_Concept
component	O
is	O
an	O
abstraction	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
kind	O
of	O
input	O
handled	O
and	O
implemented	O
differently	O
in	O
each	O
case	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
this	O
reason	O
,	O
the	O
W3C	O
recommendation	O
currently	O
does	O
not	O
describe	O
in	O
detail	O
the	O
structure	O
or	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
modality	B-General_Concept
components	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
data	O
component	O
's	O
primary	O
role	O
is	O
to	O
save	O
the	O
public	O
data	O
of	O
the	O
application	O
that	O
may	O
be	O
required	O
by	O
one	O
or	O
several	O
modality	B-General_Concept
components	B-Architecture
or	O
by	O
other	O
modules	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
the	O
session	O
module	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
the	O
Modality	B-General_Concept
Components	B-Architecture
must	O
use	O
the	O
Interaction	O
Manager	O
as	O
an	O
intermediary	O
to	O
access	O
the	O
public	O
data	O
of	O
the	O
multimodal	B-Application
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
storage	O
of	O
private	O
data	O
,	O
each	O
Modality	B-General_Concept
Component	O
can	O
implement	O
its	O
own	O
Data	O
Component	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
private	O
Data	O
Component	O
can	O
also	O
access	O
external	O
servers	O
B	O
(	O
see	O
Figure	O
)	O
and	O
keep	O
the	O
data	O
that	O
the	O
Modality	B-General_Concept
Component	O
may	O
require	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
speech	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
task	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
MMI	O
architecture	O
,	O
the	O
communication	O
protocol	O
is	O
asynchronous	B-Application
,	O
bi-directional	O
and	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
exchange	O
of	O
event	O
notifications	O
that	O
are	O
raised	O
by	O
the	O
system	O
following	O
a	O
user	O
action	O
or	O
some	O
internal	O
activity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
are	O
six	O
standard	O
control	O
events	O
that	O
are	O
proposed	O
for	O
controlling	O
devices	O
and	O
material	O
services	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
video	O
player	O
or	O
a	O
sound	O
reproduction	O
device	O
)	O
and	O
two	O
notifications	O
proposed	O
for	O
monitoring	O
the	O
current	O
status	O
of	O
the	O
multimodal	B-Application
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Indicates	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
a	O
cycle	O
of	O
interaction	O
(	O
context	O
)	O
between	O
zero	O
,	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
users	O
with	O
one	O
or	O
multiple	O
modality	B-General_Concept
components	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
event	O
is	O
normally	O
sent	O
by	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
modality	B-General_Concept
components	B-Architecture
to	O
the	O
interaction	O
manager	O
that	O
must	O
answer	O
the	O
query	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
modality	B-General_Concept
component	O
responsible	O
for	O
managing	O
the	O
inputs	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
finger	O
gesture	O
(	O
touchmove	O
)	O
in	O
a	O
web	O
page	O
viewed	O
on	O
a	O
touch	O
screen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
the	O
physical	O
interaction	O
,	O
the	O
modality	B-General_Concept
component	O
will	O
send	O
the	O
query	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Upon	O
receipt	O
the	O
request	O
,	O
the	O
modality	B-General_Concept
component	O
may	O
give	O
as	O
an	O
answer	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Sent	O
by	O
the	O
interaction	O
manager	O
,	O
this	O
event	O
control	O
signals	O
to	O
the	O
modality	B-General_Concept
component	O
that	O
it	O
must	O
be	O
prepared	O
to	O
start	O
its	O
task	O
and	O
that	O
it	O
can	O
load	O
data	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
required	O
to	O
perform	O
its	O
work	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sent	O
by	O
the	O
Interaction	O
Manager	O
this	O
control	O
event	O
signals	O
to	O
the	O
Modality	B-General_Concept
Component	O
that	O
it	O
may	O
start	O
its	O
task	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
during	O
the	O
execution	O
of	O
its	O
work	O
the	O
Modality	B-General_Concept
Component	O
receives	O
a	O
new	O
StartRequest	O
event	O
it	O
may	O
either	O
start	O
the	O
new	O
task	O
,	O
or	O
report	O
the	O
failure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sent	O
by	O
the	O
Interaction	O
Manager	O
,	O
this	O
control	O
event	O
signals	O
to	O
the	O
Modality	B-General_Concept
Component	O
that	O
it	O
should	O
stop	O
its	O
current	O
task	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Modality	B-General_Concept
Component	O
response	O
may	O
be	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Sent	O
by	O
the	O
Interaction	O
Manager	O
,	O
this	O
control	O
event	O
signals	O
to	O
the	O
Modality	B-General_Concept
Component	O
that	O
it	O
must	O
pause	O
its	O
current	O
task	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
request	O
for	O
a	O
Modality	B-General_Concept
Component	O
that	O
manages	O
the	O
input	O
of	O
a	O
graphics	O
tablet	O
may	O
be	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
And	O
the	O
response	O
of	O
the	O
Modality	B-General_Concept
Component	O
may	O
be	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Sent	O
by	O
the	O
Interaction	O
Manager	O
,	O
this	O
control	O
event	O
signals	O
to	O
the	O
Modality	B-General_Concept
Component	O
that	O
the	O
task	O
previously	O
paused	O
should	O
resume	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Modality	B-General_Concept
Component	O
's	O
response	O
may	O
be	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
sent	O
either	O
by	O
the	O
Interaction	O
Manager	O
or	O
by	O
the	O
Modality	B-General_Concept
Components	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
Modality	B-General_Concept
Component	O
may	O
need	O
to	O
monitor	O
the	O
status	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
to	O
stop	O
a	O
process	O
in	O
case	O
of	O
fault	O
or	O
standby	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
be	O
generated	O
either	O
by	O
the	O
Interaction	O
Manager	O
or	O
by	O
a	O
Modality	B-General_Concept
Component	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
ensures	O
the	O
extensibility	B-Architecture
of	O
the	O
architecture	O
by	O
giving	O
a	O
generic	O
API	B-General_Concept
dedicated	O
to	O
the	O
application-specific	O
needs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
Modality	B-General_Concept
Component	O
that	O
handles	O
a	O
DVD	O
player	O
may	O
indicate	O
to	O
the	O
system	O
an	O
interaction	O
with	O
the	O
DVD	O
's	O
main	O
menu	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
notification	O
is	O
sent	O
by	O
the	O
Modality	B-General_Concept
Component	O
to	O
the	O
Interaction	O
Manager	O
when	O
it	O
has	O
finished	O
its	O
task	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
when	O
a	O
recognizer	O
Modality	B-General_Concept
Component	O
has	O
finished	O
the	O
image	O
recognition	B-Application
task	O
(	O
finding	O
a	O
face	O
)	O
:	O
</s>
