<s>
In	O
computing	O
,	O
multi-touch	B-Application
is	O
technology	O
that	O
enables	O
a	O
surface	O
(	O
a	O
touchpad	B-Application
or	O
touchscreen	B-Device
)	O
to	O
recognize	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
point	O
of	O
contact	O
with	O
the	O
surface	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
origins	O
of	O
multitouch	B-Application
began	O
at	O
CERN	O
,	O
MIT	O
,	O
University	O
of	O
Toronto	O
,	O
Carnegie	O
Mellon	O
University	O
and	O
Bell	O
Labs	O
in	O
the	O
1970s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CERN	O
started	O
using	O
multi-touch	B-Application
screens	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
1976	O
for	O
the	O
controls	O
of	O
the	O
Super	O
Proton	O
Synchrotron	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Capacitive	O
multi-touch	B-Application
displays	O
were	O
popularized	O
by	O
Apple	O
's	O
iPhone	B-Device
in	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Plural-point	O
awareness	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
implement	O
additional	O
functionality	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
pinch	B-Application
to	I-Application
zoom	I-Application
or	O
to	O
activate	O
certain	O
subroutines	O
attached	O
to	O
predefined	B-General_Concept
gestures	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
uses	O
of	O
the	O
term	O
multi-touch	B-Application
resulted	O
from	O
the	O
quick	O
developments	O
in	O
this	O
field	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
companies	O
using	O
the	O
term	O
to	O
market	O
older	O
technology	O
which	O
is	O
called	O
gesture-enhanced	B-Application
single-touch	I-Application
or	O
several	O
other	O
terms	O
by	O
other	O
companies	O
and	O
researchers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multi-touch	B-Application
is	O
commonly	O
implemented	O
using	O
capacitive	B-Device
sensing	I-Device
technology	O
in	O
mobile	B-Application
devices	I-Application
and	O
smart	B-Device
devices	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
capacitive	O
touchscreen	B-Device
typically	O
consists	O
of	O
a	O
capacitive	B-Device
touch	I-Device
sensor	I-Device
,	O
application-specific	O
integrated	O
circuit	O
(	O
ASIC	O
)	O
controller	O
and	O
digital	B-Architecture
signal	I-Architecture
processor	I-Architecture
(	O
DSP	O
)	O
fabricated	B-Architecture
from	O
CMOS	B-Device
(	O
complementary	O
metal	B-Architecture
–	I-Architecture
oxide	I-Architecture
–	I-Architecture
semiconductor	I-Architecture
)	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
more	O
recent	O
alternative	O
approach	O
is	O
optical	O
touch	O
technology	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
image	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
computing	O
,	O
multi-touch	B-Application
is	O
technology	O
which	O
enables	O
a	O
touchpad	B-Application
or	O
touchscreen	B-Device
to	O
recognize	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
than	O
two	O
points	O
of	O
contact	O
with	O
the	O
surface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
popularized	O
the	O
term	O
"	O
multi-touch	B-Application
"	O
in	O
2007	O
with	O
which	O
it	O
implemented	O
additional	O
functionality	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
pinch	B-Application
to	I-Application
zoom	I-Application
or	O
to	O
activate	O
certain	O
subroutines	O
attached	O
to	O
predefined	B-General_Concept
gestures	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
two	O
different	O
uses	O
of	O
the	O
term	O
resulted	O
from	O
the	O
quick	O
developments	O
in	O
this	O
field	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
companies	O
using	O
the	O
term	O
to	O
market	O
older	O
technology	O
which	O
is	O
called	O
gesture-enhanced	B-Application
single-touch	I-Application
or	O
several	O
other	O
terms	O
by	O
other	O
companies	O
and	O
researchers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
use	O
of	O
touchscreen	B-Device
technology	O
predates	O
both	O
multi-touch	B-Application
technology	I-Application
and	O
the	O
personal	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
synthesizer	O
and	O
electronic	O
instrument	O
builders	O
like	O
Hugh	O
Le	O
Caine	O
and	O
Robert	O
Moog	O
experimented	O
with	O
using	O
touch-sensitive	B-Device
capacitance	O
sensors	B-Application
to	O
control	O
the	O
sounds	O
made	O
by	O
their	O
instruments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
began	O
building	O
the	O
first	O
touch	B-Device
screens	I-Device
in	O
the	O
late	O
1960s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1972	O
,	O
Control	O
Data	O
released	O
the	O
PLATO	B-Operating_System
IV	I-Operating_System
computer	O
,	O
an	O
infrared	O
terminal	O
used	O
for	O
educational	O
purposes	O
,	O
which	O
employed	O
single-touch	O
points	O
in	O
a	O
16×16	O
array	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
early	O
touchscreens	B-Device
only	O
registered	O
one	O
point	O
of	O
touch	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On-screen	B-Device
keyboards	I-Device
(	O
a	O
well-known	O
feature	O
today	O
)	O
were	O
thus	O
awkward	O
to	O
use	O
,	O
because	O
key-rollover	O
and	O
holding	O
down	O
a	O
shift	O
key	O
while	O
typing	O
another	O
were	O
not	O
possible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Exceptions	O
to	O
these	O
were	O
a	O
"	O
cross-wire	O
"	O
multi-touch	B-Application
reconfigurable	O
touchscreen	O
keyboard/display	O
developed	O
at	O
the	O
Massachusetts	O
Institute	O
of	O
Technology	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1970s	O
and	O
the	O
16	O
button	O
capacitive	O
multi-touch	B-Application
screen	O
developed	O
at	O
CERN	O
in	O
1972	O
for	O
the	O
controls	O
of	O
the	O
Super	O
Proton	O
Synchrotron	O
that	O
were	O
under	O
construction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
year	O
1976	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
x-y	O
capacitive	O
screen	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
capacitance	O
touch	B-Device
screens	I-Device
developed	O
in	O
1972	O
by	O
Danish	O
electronics	O
engineer	O
Bent	O
Stumpe	O
,	O
was	O
developed	O
at	O
CERN	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
technology	O
,	O
allowing	O
an	O
exact	O
location	O
of	O
the	O
different	O
touch	O
points	O
,	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
new	O
type	O
of	O
human	B-Application
machine	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
HMI	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
control	O
room	O
of	O
the	O
Super	O
Proton	O
Synchrotron	O
particle	O
accelerator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
handwritten	O
note	O
dated	O
11	O
March	O
1972	O
,	O
Stumpe	O
presented	O
his	O
proposed	O
solution	O
–	O
a	O
capacitive	O
touch	B-Device
screen	I-Device
with	O
a	O
fixed	O
number	O
of	O
programmable	O
buttons	O
presented	O
on	O
a	O
display	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
same	O
year	O
,	O
MIT	O
described	O
a	O
keyboard	O
with	O
variable	O
graphics	O
capable	O
of	O
multi-touch	B-Application
detection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
early	O
1980s	O
,	O
The	O
University	O
of	O
Toronto	O
's	O
Input	O
Research	O
Group	O
were	O
among	O
the	O
earliest	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
software	O
side	O
of	O
multi-touch	B-Application
input	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1983	O
,	O
Bell	O
Labs	O
at	O
Murray	O
Hill	O
published	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
discussion	O
of	O
touch-screen	B-Device
based	O
interfaces	O
,	O
though	O
it	O
makes	O
no	O
mention	O
of	O
multiple	O
fingers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
same	O
year	O
,	O
the	O
video-based	O
Video	O
Place/Video	O
Desk	O
system	O
of	O
Myron	O
Krueger	O
was	O
influential	O
in	O
development	O
of	O
multi-touch	B-Application
gestures	O
such	O
as	O
pinch-to-zoom	B-Application
,	O
though	O
this	O
system	O
had	O
no	O
touch	O
interaction	O
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
1984	O
,	O
both	O
Bell	O
Labs	O
and	O
Carnegie	O
Mellon	O
University	O
had	O
working	O
multi-touch-screen	O
prototypes	O
–	O
both	O
input	O
and	O
graphics	O
–	O
that	O
could	O
respond	O
interactively	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
multiple	O
finger	O
inputs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1985	O
,	O
the	O
canonical	O
multitouch	B-Application
pinch-to-zoom	B-Application
gesture	O
was	O
demonstrated	O
,	O
with	O
coordinated	O
graphics	O
,	O
on	O
CMU	O
's	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
1985	O
,	O
Steve	O
Jobs	O
signed	O
a	O
non-disclosure	O
agreement	O
to	O
tour	O
CMU	O
's	O
Sensor	O
Frame	O
multi-touch	B-Application
lab	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
published	O
a	O
review	O
of	O
academic	O
research	O
on	O
single	O
and	O
multi-touch	B-Application
touchscreen	B-Device
human	O
–	O
computer	O
interaction	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
describing	O
single	O
touch	O
gestures	O
such	O
as	O
rotating	O
knobs	O
,	O
swiping	O
the	O
screen	O
to	O
activate	O
a	O
switch	O
(	O
or	O
a	O
U-shaped	O
gesture	O
for	O
a	O
toggle	O
switch	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
touchscreen	B-Device
keyboards	I-Device
(	O
including	O
a	O
study	O
that	O
showed	O
that	O
users	O
could	O
type	O
at	O
25	O
words	O
per	O
minute	O
for	O
a	O
touchscreen	B-Device
keyboard	I-Device
compared	O
with	O
58	O
words	O
per	O
minute	O
for	O
a	O
standard	O
keyboard	O
,	O
with	O
multi-touch	B-Application
hypothesized	O
to	O
improve	O
data	O
entry	O
rate	O
)	O
;	O
multi-touch	B-Application
gestures	O
such	O
as	O
selecting	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
a	O
line	O
,	O
connecting	O
objects	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
"	O
tap-click	O
"	O
gesture	O
to	O
select	O
while	O
maintaining	O
location	O
with	O
another	O
finger	O
are	O
also	O
described	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1991	O
,	O
Pierre	O
Wellner	O
advanced	O
the	O
topic	O
publishing	O
about	O
his	O
multi-touch	B-Application
"	O
Digital	O
Desk	O
"	O
,	O
which	O
supported	O
multi-finger	O
and	O
pinching	O
motions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Between	O
1999	O
and	O
2005	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
Fingerworks	O
developed	O
various	O
multi-touch	B-Application
technologies	I-Application
,	O
including	O
Touchstream	O
keyboards	O
and	O
the	O
iGesture	O
Pad	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2005	O
,	O
Apple	O
acquired	O
Fingerworks	O
and	O
its	O
multi-touch	B-Application
technology	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2004	O
,	O
French	O
start-up	O
JazzMutant	O
developed	O
the	O
Lemur	O
Input	O
Device	O
,	O
a	O
music	O
controller	O
that	O
became	O
in	O
2005	O
the	O
first	O
commercial	O
product	O
to	O
feature	O
a	O
proprietary	O
transparent	O
multi-touch	B-Application
screen	O
,	O
allowing	O
direct	O
,	O
ten-finger	O
manipulation	O
on	O
the	O
display	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2007	O
,	O
multi-touch	B-Application
technology	I-Application
became	O
mainstream	O
with	O
the	O
iPhone	B-Device
,	O
and	O
in	O
its	O
iPhone	B-Device
announcement	O
Apple	O
even	O
stated	O
it	O
"	O
invented	O
multi	B-Application
touch	I-Application
"	O
,	O
however	O
both	O
the	O
function	O
and	O
the	O
term	O
predate	O
the	O
announcement	O
or	O
patent	O
requests	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
capacitive	O
mobile	O
screens	O
,	O
which	O
did	O
not	O
exist	O
before	O
Fingerworks/Apple	O
'	O
s	O
technology	O
(	O
Fingerworks	O
filed	O
patents	O
in	O
2001	O
–	O
2005	O
,	O
subsequent	O
multi-touch	B-Application
refinements	O
were	O
patented	O
by	O
Apple	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
U.S.	O
Patent	O
and	O
Trademark	O
office	O
declared	O
that	O
the	O
"	O
pinch-to-zoom	B-Application
"	O
functionality	O
was	O
predicted	O
by	O
U.S.	O
Patent	O
#	O
7,844,915	O
relating	O
to	O
gestures	O
on	O
touch	B-Device
screens	I-Device
,	O
filed	O
by	O
Bran	O
Ferren	O
and	O
Daniel	O
Hillis	O
in	O
2005	O
,	O
as	O
was	O
inertial	O
scrolling	O
,	O
thus	O
invalidated	O
a	O
key	O
claims	O
of	O
Apple	O
's	O
patent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2001	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
table-top	O
touch	O
platform	O
,	O
Microsoft	B-General_Concept
PixelSense	I-General_Concept
(	O
formerly	O
Surface	O
)	O
started	O
development	O
,	O
which	O
interacts	O
with	O
both	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
touch	O
and	O
their	O
electronic	O
devices	O
and	O
became	O
commercial	O
on	O
May	O
29	O
,	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similarly	O
,	O
in	O
2001	O
,	O
Mitsubishi	O
Electric	O
Research	O
Laboratories	O
(	O
MERL	O
)	O
began	O
development	O
of	O
a	O
multi-touch	B-Application
,	O
multi-user	O
system	O
called	O
DiamondTouch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2007	O
,	O
NORTD	O
labs	O
Open	B-License
Source	I-License
system	O
offered	O
its	O
CUBIT	B-Application
(	O
multi-touch	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
number	O
of	O
touch	B-Device
screen	I-Device
telephones	O
was	O
expected	O
to	O
increase	O
from	O
200,000	O
shipped	O
in	O
2006	O
to	O
21million	O
in	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2015	O
,	O
Apple	O
was	O
granted	O
a	O
patent	O
for	O
a	O
"	O
fusion	O
keyboard	O
"	O
,	O
which	O
turns	O
individual	O
physical	O
keys	O
into	O
multi-touch	B-Application
buttons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
has	O
retailed	O
and	O
distributed	O
numerous	O
products	O
using	O
multi-touch	B-Application
technology	I-Application
,	O
most	O
prominently	O
including	O
its	O
iPhone	B-Device
smartphone	B-Application
and	O
iPad	B-Device
tablet	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
Apple	O
also	O
holds	O
several	O
patents	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
multi-touch	B-Application
in	O
user	B-Application
interfaces	I-Application
,	O
however	O
the	O
legitimacy	O
of	O
some	O
patents	O
has	O
been	O
disputed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
additionally	O
attempted	O
to	O
register	O
"	O
Multi-touch	B-Application
"	O
as	O
a	O
trademark	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
Stateshowever	O
its	O
request	O
was	O
denied	O
by	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
Patent	O
and	O
Trademark	O
Office	O
because	O
it	O
considered	O
the	O
term	O
generic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multi-touch	B-Application
sensing	O
and	O
processing	O
occurs	O
via	O
an	O
ASIC	O
sensor	O
that	O
is	O
attached	O
to	O
the	O
touch	O
surface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Usually	O
,	O
separate	O
companies	O
make	O
the	O
ASIC	O
and	O
screen	O
that	O
combine	O
into	O
a	O
touch	B-Device
screen	I-Device
;	O
conversely	O
,	O
a	O
touchpad	B-Application
's	O
surface	O
and	O
ASIC	O
are	O
usually	O
manufactured	O
by	O
the	O
same	O
company	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
have	O
been	O
large	O
companies	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
that	O
have	O
expanded	O
into	O
the	O
growing	O
multi-touch	B-Application
industry	O
,	O
with	O
systems	O
designed	O
for	O
everything	O
from	O
the	O
casual	O
user	O
to	O
multinational	O
organizations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
now	O
common	O
for	O
laptop	B-Device
manufacturers	O
to	O
include	O
multi-touch	B-Application
touchpads	B-Application
on	O
their	O
laptops	B-Device
,	O
and	O
tablet	B-Device
computers	I-Device
respond	O
to	O
touch	O
input	O
rather	O
than	O
traditional	O
stylus	O
input	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
supported	O
by	O
many	O
recent	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
few	O
companies	O
are	O
focusing	O
on	O
large-scale	O
surface	B-Application
computing	I-Application
rather	O
than	O
personal	O
electronics	O
,	O
either	O
large	O
multi-touch	B-Application
tables	O
or	O
wall	O
surfaces	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Large	O
scale	O
multi-touch	B-Application
surfaces	O
are	O
manufactured	O
by	O
Finnish	O
company	O
on	O
their	O
55	O
"	O
MT	O
Cells	O
(	O
55	O
"	O
screens	O
)	O
who	O
also	O
have	O
office	O
locations	O
in	O
London	O
,	O
California	O
and	O
Singapore	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MultiTaction	O
also	O
build	O
especially	O
designed	O
for	O
multi-touch	B-Application
screens	O
such	O
as	O
and	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multi-touch	B-Application
has	O
been	O
implemented	O
in	O
several	O
different	O
ways	O
,	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
size	O
and	O
type	O
of	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
popular	O
form	O
are	O
mobile	B-Application
devices	I-Application
,	O
tablets	B-Device
,	O
touchtables	O
and	O
walls	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Handheld	B-Application
technologies	O
use	O
a	O
panel	O
that	O
carries	O
an	O
electrical	O
charge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
a	O
finger	B-Device
touches	I-Device
the	O
screen	O
,	O
the	O
touch	O
disrupts	O
the	O
panel	O
's	O
electrical	O
field	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
past	O
few	O
years	O
,	O
several	O
companies	O
have	O
released	O
products	O
that	O
use	O
multi-touch	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
expensive	O
technology	O
more	O
accessible	O
,	O
hobbyists	O
have	O
also	O
published	O
methods	O
of	O
constructing	O
DIY	O
touchscreens	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Capacitive	B-Device
technologies	I-Device
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Resistive	B-Device
technologies	I-Device
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Optical	O
touch	O
technology	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
image	B-Algorithm
sensor	I-Algorithm
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
functions	O
when	O
a	O
finger	O
or	O
an	O
object	O
touches	O
the	O
surface	O
,	O
causing	O
the	O
light	O
to	O
scatter	O
,	O
the	O
reflection	O
of	O
which	O
is	O
caught	O
with	O
sensors	B-Application
or	O
cameras	O
that	O
send	O
the	O
data	O
to	O
software	O
that	O
dictates	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
touch	O
,	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
reflection	O
measured	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multi-touch	B-Application
touchscreen	B-Device
gestures	O
enable	O
predefined	O
motions	O
to	O
interact	O
with	O
the	O
device	O
and	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
increasing	O
number	O
of	O
devices	O
like	O
smartphones	B-Application
,	O
tablet	B-Device
computers	I-Device
,	O
laptops	B-Device
or	O
desktop	B-Device
computers	I-Device
have	O
functions	O
that	O
are	O
triggered	O
by	O
multi-touch	B-Application
gestures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Years	O
before	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
viable	O
consumer	O
product	O
,	O
popular	O
culture	O
portrayed	O
potential	O
uses	O
of	O
multi-touch	B-Application
technology	I-Application
in	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
including	O
in	O
several	O
installments	O
of	O
the	O
Star	B-Operating_System
Trek	I-Operating_System
franchise	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
1982	O
Disney	O
sci-fi	O
film	O
Tron	B-Language
a	O
device	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
Microsoft	B-Device
Surface	I-Device
was	O
shown	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
took	O
up	O
an	O
executive	O
's	O
entire	O
desk	O
and	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
communicate	O
with	O
the	O
Master	B-Application
Control	I-Application
computer	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
2002	O
film	O
Minority	O
Report	O
,	O
Tom	O
Cruise	O
uses	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
gloves	O
that	O
resemble	O
a	O
multi-touch	B-Application
interface	O
to	O
browse	O
through	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
2005	O
film	O
The	O
Island	O
,	O
another	O
form	O
of	O
a	O
multi-touch	B-Application
computer	O
was	O
seen	O
where	O
the	O
professor	O
,	O
played	O
by	O
Sean	O
Bean	O
,	O
has	O
a	O
multi-touch	B-Application
desktop	O
to	O
organize	O
files	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
an	O
early	O
version	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Device
Surface	I-Device
(	O
not	O
be	O
confused	O
with	O
the	O
tablet	B-Device
computers	I-Device
which	O
now	O
bear	O
that	O
name	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2007	O
,	O
the	O
television	O
series	O
CSI	B-Application
:	I-Application
Miami	I-Application
introduced	O
both	O
surface	O
and	O
wall	O
multi-touch	B-Application
displays	O
in	O
its	O
sixth	O
season	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multi-touch	B-Application
technology	I-Application
can	O
be	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
2008	O
James	O
Bond	O
film	O
Quantum	B-Application
of	I-Application
Solace	I-Application
,	O
where	O
MI6	O
uses	O
a	O
touch	B-Application
interface	I-Application
to	O
browse	O
information	O
about	O
the	O
criminal	O
Dominic	O
Greene	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
television	O
series	O
NCIS	O
:	O
Los	O
Angeles	O
,	O
which	O
premiered	O
2009	O
,	O
makes	O
use	O
of	O
multi-touch	B-Application
surfaces	O
and	O
wall	O
panels	O
as	O
an	O
initiative	O
to	O
go	O
digital	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
2008	O
,	O
an	O
episode	O
of	O
the	O
television	O
series	O
The	B-Application
Simpsons	I-Application
,	O
Lisa	O
Simpson	O
travels	O
to	O
the	O
underwater	O
headquarters	O
of	O
Mapple	O
to	O
visit	O
Steve	O
Mobbs	O
,	O
who	O
is	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
performing	O
multiple	O
multi-touch	B-Application
hand	O
gestures	O
on	O
a	O
large	O
touch	O
wall	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
10/GUI	O
is	O
a	O
proposed	O
new	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
paradigm	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Created	O
in	O
2009	O
by	O
R	O
.	O
Clayton	O
Miller	O
,	O
it	O
combines	O
multi-touch	B-Application
input	O
with	O
a	O
new	O
windowing	B-Application
manager	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
of	O
placing	O
windows	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
screen	O
,	O
the	O
windowing	B-Application
manager	I-Application
,	O
Con10uum	O
,	O
uses	O
a	O
linear	O
paradigm	O
,	O
with	O
multi-touch	B-Application
used	O
to	O
navigate	O
between	O
and	O
arrange	O
the	O
windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
area	O
at	O
the	O
right	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
touch	B-Device
screen	I-Device
brings	O
up	O
a	O
global	O
context	O
menu	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
similar	O
strip	O
at	O
the	O
left	O
side	O
brings	O
up	O
application-specific	O
menus	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
community	O
preview	O
of	O
the	O
Con10uum	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
was	O
made	O
available	O
in	O
November	O
,	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
