<s>
The	O
Motorola	B-General_Concept
68060	I-General_Concept
(	O
"	O
sixty-eight-oh-sixty	O
"	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
32-bit	O
microprocessor	B-Architecture
from	O
Motorola	O
released	O
in	O
1994	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
the	O
successor	O
to	O
the	O
Motorola	B-Device
68040	I-Device
and	O
is	O
the	O
highest	O
performing	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
68000	B-Device
series	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
an	O
LC	O
(	O
Low-Cost	O
)	O
version	O
,	O
without	O
an	O
FPU	B-General_Concept
and	O
EC	O
(	O
Embedded	O
Controller	O
)	O
,	O
without	O
MMU	B-General_Concept
and	O
FPU	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
68060	B-General_Concept
design	O
was	O
led	O
by	O
Joe	O
Circello	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
68060	B-General_Concept
shares	O
most	O
architectural	O
features	O
with	O
the	O
P5	B-General_Concept
Pentium	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
have	O
a	O
very	O
similar	O
superscalar	B-General_Concept
in-order	B-Algorithm
dual	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
pipeline	I-General_Concept
configuration	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
instruction	O
decoder	O
which	O
breaks	O
down	O
complex	O
instructions	O
into	O
simpler	O
ones	O
before	O
execution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
a	O
significant	O
difference	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
68060	B-General_Concept
FPU	B-General_Concept
is	O
not	O
pipelined	O
and	O
is	O
therefore	O
up	O
to	O
three	O
times	O
slower	O
than	O
the	O
Pentium	B-General_Concept
in	O
floating	O
point	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
to	O
that	O
,	O
integer	O
multiplications	O
and	O
bit	O
shifting	O
instructions	O
are	O
significantly	O
faster	O
on	O
the	O
68060	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
68060	B-General_Concept
has	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
execute	O
simple	O
instructions	O
in	O
the	O
address	B-General_Concept
generation	I-General_Concept
unit	I-General_Concept
(	O
AGU	B-General_Concept
)	O
and	O
thereby	O
supply	O
the	O
result	O
two	O
cycles	O
before	O
the	O
ALU	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
68060	B-General_Concept
,	O
large	O
amounts	O
of	O
commercial	O
compiled	O
code	O
were	O
analyzed	O
for	O
clues	O
as	O
to	O
which	O
instructions	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
best	O
candidates	O
for	O
performance	O
optimization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Against	O
the	O
Pentium	B-General_Concept
,	O
the	O
68060	B-General_Concept
can	O
perform	O
better	O
on	O
mixed	O
code	O
;	O
Pentium	B-General_Concept
's	O
decoder	O
cannot	O
issue	O
an	O
FP	O
instruction	O
every	O
opportunity	O
and	O
hence	O
the	O
FPU	B-General_Concept
is	O
not	O
superscalar	B-General_Concept
as	O
the	O
ALUs	O
were	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
68060	B-General_Concept
's	O
non-pipelined	O
FPU	B-General_Concept
can	O
accept	O
an	O
instruction	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
issued	O
one	O
by	O
the	O
decoder	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
means	O
that	O
optimizing	O
for	O
the	O
68060	B-General_Concept
is	O
easier	O
:	O
no	O
rules	O
prevent	O
FP	O
instructions	O
from	O
being	O
issued	O
whenever	O
was	O
convenient	O
for	O
the	O
programmer	O
other	O
than	O
well	O
understood	O
instruction	O
latencies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
with	O
properly	O
optimized	O
and	O
scheduled	O
code	O
,	O
the	O
Pentium	B-General_Concept
's	O
FPU	B-General_Concept
is	O
capable	O
of	O
double	O
the	O
clock	O
for	O
clock	O
throughput	O
of	O
the	O
68060	B-General_Concept
's	O
FPU	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
68060	B-General_Concept
is	O
the	O
last	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
68000	B-Device
family	I-Device
for	O
general	O
purpose	O
use	O
,	O
abandoned	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
the	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
chips	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
saw	O
use	O
in	O
some	O
late-model	O
Amiga	B-Device
machines	O
and	O
Amiga	B-Device
accelerator	O
cards	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
some	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
clones	O
and	O
Falcon	B-Device
accelerator	O
boards	O
(	O
CT60/CT63/CT60e	O
,	O
the	O
latter	O
of	O
which	O
was	O
created	O
in	O
2015	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
very	O
late	O
models	O
of	O
the	O
Alpha	O
Microsystems	O
multiuser	O
computers	O
before	O
their	O
migration	O
to	O
x86	O
,	O
but	O
Apple	O
Inc	O
.	O
and	O
the	O
Unix	B-Application
world	O
had	O
moved	O
onto	O
various	O
RISC	B-Architecture
platforms	O
by	O
the	O
time	O
the	O
68060	B-General_Concept
was	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
had	O
already	O
announced	O
its	O
adoption	O
of	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
,	O
developed	O
by	O
IBM	O
and	O
Motorola	O
,	O
prior	O
to	O
the	O
availability	O
of	O
the	O
68060	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
68060	B-General_Concept
was	O
introduced	O
at	O
50	O
MHz	O
on	O
Motorola	O
's	O
0.6	O
µm	O
manufacturing	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
68060	B-General_Concept
CPU-s	O
(	O
mask	O
:	O
71E41J	O
)	O
up	O
to	O
120	O
or	O
133	O
MHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Motorola	O
projected	O
a	O
performance	O
of	O
around	O
three-and-a-half	O
times	O
that	O
of	O
a	O
25	O
MHz	O
68040	B-Device
at	O
the	O
initial	O
clock	O
rate	O
of	O
50	O
MHz	O
for	O
the	O
68060	B-General_Concept
,	O
this	O
described	O
as	O
being	O
"	O
about	O
77	O
MIPS	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Benchmarking	O
of	O
the	O
50	O
MHz	O
68060	B-General_Concept
fitted	O
in	O
accelerator	O
cards	O
for	O
the	O
Commodore	B-Device
Amiga	I-Device
indicated	O
Dhrystone	O
2.1	O
benchmark	O
results	O
of	O
around	O
80,000	O
Dhrystones	O
per	O
second	O
,	O
this	O
being	O
broadly	O
comparable	O
to	O
a	O
Sun	O
SPARCstation	B-Architecture
10	I-Architecture
workstation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Developments	O
of	O
the	O
basic	O
core	O
continue	O
,	O
intended	O
for	O
embedded	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Here	O
they	O
are	O
combined	O
with	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
peripheral	B-Device
interfaces	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
overall	O
complexity	O
and	O
power	O
requirements	O
of	O
a	O
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
number	O
of	O
chips	O
,	O
each	O
with	O
different	O
sets	O
of	O
interfaces	O
,	O
are	O
sold	O
under	O
the	O
names	O
ColdFire	B-Device
and	O
DragonBall	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Model	O
numbers	O
with	O
even	O
second-to-last	O
digit	O
(	O
68000	O
,	O
68020	O
,	O
68040	B-Device
,	O
68060	B-General_Concept
)	O
were	O
reserved	O
for	O
major	O
revisions	O
to	O
the	O
680x0	B-Device
core	O
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Model	O
numbers	O
with	O
odd	O
second-to-last	O
digit	O
(	O
68010	B-Device
,	O
68030	O
)	O
were	O
reserved	O
for	O
upgrades	O
to	O
the	O
architecture	O
of	O
the	O
previous	O
chip	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
Motorola	B-Device
68010	I-Device
(	O
and	O
the	O
obscure	O
68012	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
68000	O
with	O
improvements	O
to	O
the	O
loop	O
instruction	O
and	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
suspend	O
then	O
continue	O
an	O
instruction	O
in	O
the	O
event	O
of	O
a	O
page	O
fault	O
,	O
enabling	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
virtual	B-Architecture
memory	I-Architecture
with	O
the	O
appropriate	O
MMU	B-General_Concept
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similarly	O
,	O
the	O
Motorola	O
68030	O
represents	O
a	O
process	O
improvement	O
on	O
the	O
68020	O
with	O
the	O
MMU	B-General_Concept
and	O
a	O
small	O
data	B-General_Concept
cache	I-General_Concept
(	O
256	O
bytes	O
)	O
moved	O
on-chip	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
jump	O
from	O
the	O
68000/68010	O
to	O
the	O
68020/68030	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
represents	O
a	O
major	O
overhaul	O
,	O
with	O
innumerable	O
individual	O
changes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
time	O
the	O
68060	B-General_Concept
was	O
in	O
production	O
,	O
Motorola	O
had	O
abandoned	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
68000	B-Device
family	I-Device
in	O
favor	O
of	O
the	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
68060	B-General_Concept
is	O
the	O
last	O
68000	B-Device
family	I-Device
processor	O
from	O
Motorola	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Signetics	O
(	O
Philips	O
)	O
produced	O
a	O
68000-based	O
variant	O
that	O
they	O
somewhat	O
confusingly	O
named	O
the	O
68070	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
contains	O
a	O
modestly-improved	O
68000	O
CPU	O
,	O
a	O
simple	O
on-chip	O
MMU	B-General_Concept
and	O
an	O
I²C	O
bus	O
controller	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
came	O
out	O
long	O
before	O
the	O
68060	B-General_Concept
and	O
was	O
used	O
principally	O
as	O
an	O
embedded	B-Architecture
processor	I-Architecture
in	O
some	O
consumer	O
electronics	O
items	O
,	O
notably	O
CD-i	B-Device
consoles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
series	O
of	O
television	O
character	O
generators	O
use	O
the	O
68060	B-General_Concept
as	O
the	O
main	O
processor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
desktops	O
,	O
the	O
68060	B-General_Concept
is	O
used	O
in	O
some	O
variants	O
of	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
4000T	I-Device
produced	O
by	O
Amiga	B-Device
Technologies	O
,	O
and	O
available	O
as	O
a	O
third	O
party	O
upgrade	O
for	O
other	O
Amiga	B-Device
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
clone	O
DraCo	B-Device
non-linear	O
video	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Q60	B-Device
extended	O
the	O
Sinclair	B-Device
QL	I-Device
design	O
similarly	O
from	O
the	O
slowest	O
start	O
to	O
the	O
ultimate	O
pace	O
of	O
the	O
68K	B-Device
architecture	O
's	O
capabilities	O
;	O
these	O
68060-based	O
motherboards	O
—	O
at	O
66MHz	O
for	O
the	O
full	O
68060	B-General_Concept
or	O
a	O
non-FPU	O
68LC060	O
option	O
overclocked	O
to	O
80MHz	O
—	O
are	O
more	O
than	O
100	O
times	O
faster	O
than	O
the	O
Sinclair	B-Device
QL	I-Device
while	O
running	O
the	O
same	O
operating	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
68060	B-General_Concept
was	O
used	O
in	O
Nortel	B-Device
Meridian	I-Device
1	O
Option	O
51	O
,	O
61	O
and	O
81	O
large	O
office	O
PBX	O
systems	O
,	O
powering	O
the	O
CP3	O
and	O
CP4	O
core	O
processor	O
boards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
pair	O
of	O
these	O
boards	O
each	O
sporting	O
a	O
68060	B-General_Concept
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
PBX	O
fault	O
tolerant	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Motorola	O
MVME-17x	O
and	O
Force	O
Computer	O
SYS68K	O
VMEbus	B-Architecture
systems	O
use	O
a	O
68060	B-General_Concept
CPU	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
68EC060	O
is	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Motorola	B-General_Concept
68060	I-General_Concept
microprocessor	B-Architecture
,	O
intended	O
for	O
embedded	O
controllers	O
(	O
EC	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
differs	O
from	O
the	O
68060	B-General_Concept
in	O
that	O
it	O
has	O
neither	O
an	O
FPU	B-General_Concept
nor	O
an	O
MMU	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
68LC060	O
is	O
a	O
low	O
cost	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Motorola	B-General_Concept
68060	I-General_Concept
microprocessor	B-Architecture
with	O
no	O
FPU	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
