<s>
The	O
Motorola	B-Device
68000	I-Device
series	I-Device
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
680x0	B-Device
,	O
m68000	B-Device
,	O
m68k	B-Device
,	O
or	O
68k	B-Device
)	O
is	O
a	O
family	O
of	O
32-bit	O
complex	B-Architecture
instruction	I-Architecture
set	I-Architecture
computer	I-Architecture
(	O
CISC	B-Architecture
)	O
microprocessors	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
1980s	O
and	O
early	O
1990s	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
popular	O
in	O
personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
and	O
workstations	B-Device
and	O
were	O
the	O
primary	O
competitors	O
of	O
Intel	O
's	O
x86	B-Operating_System
microprocessors	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
were	O
best	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
processors	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
Apple	O
Macintosh	B-Device
,	O
the	O
Sharp	B-Device
X68000	I-Device
,	O
the	O
Commodore	B-Device
Amiga	I-Device
,	O
the	O
Sinclair	B-Device
QL	I-Device
,	O
the	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
,	O
the	O
Sega	B-Operating_System
Genesis	I-Operating_System
(	O
Mega	B-Operating_System
Drive	I-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
the	O
Capcom	B-Application
System	I-Application
I	I-Application
(	O
Arcade	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
AT&T	B-Device
UNIX	I-Device
PC	I-Device
,	O
the	O
Tandy	O
Model	O
16/16B/6000	O
,	O
the	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
Sun-1	B-Device
,	O
Sun-2	B-Device
and	O
Sun-3	B-Device
,	O
the	O
NeXT	B-Device
Computer	I-Device
,	O
NeXTcube	B-Device
,	O
NeXTstation	B-Device
,	O
and	O
NeXTcube	B-Device
Turbo	I-Device
,	O
the	O
Texas	O
Instruments	O
TI-89/TI	O
-92	O
calculators	O
,	O
the	O
Palm	B-Device
Pilot	I-Device
(	O
all	O
models	O
running	O
Palm	O
OS	O
4.x	O
or	O
earlier	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
Space	O
Shuttle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
no	O
modern	O
desktop	B-Device
computers	I-Device
are	O
based	O
on	O
processors	O
in	O
the	O
680x0	B-Device
series	O
,	O
derivative	O
processors	O
are	O
still	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
embedded	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Motorola	O
ceased	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
680x0	B-Device
series	O
architecture	O
in	O
1994	O
,	O
replacing	O
it	O
with	O
the	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
RISC	B-Architecture
architecture	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
developed	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
IBM	O
and	O
Apple	O
Computer	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
AIM	O
alliance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
68010	B-Device
:	O
</s>
<s>
68020	B-Device
:	O
</s>
<s>
68030	B-Device
:	O
</s>
<s>
68040	B-Device
:	O
</s>
<s>
68060	B-General_Concept
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
680x0	B-Device
line	O
of	O
processors	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
systems	O
,	O
from	O
modern	O
high-end	O
Texas	O
Instruments	O
calculators	O
(	O
the	O
TI-89	B-Device
,	O
TI-92	B-Device
,	O
and	O
Voyage	O
200	O
lines	O
)	O
to	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
Palm	B-Device
Pilot	I-Device
series	O
that	O
run	O
Palm	O
OS	O
1.x	O
to	O
4.x	O
(	O
OS	O
5.x	O
is	O
ARM-based	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
radiation-hardened	O
versions	O
in	O
the	O
critical	O
control	O
systems	O
of	O
the	O
Space	O
Shuttle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
680x0	B-Device
CPU	O
family	O
became	O
most	O
well	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
processors	O
powering	O
advanced	O
desktop	B-Device
computers	I-Device
and	O
video	B-Device
game	I-Device
consoles	I-Device
such	O
as	O
the	O
Apple	O
Macintosh	B-Device
,	O
the	O
Commodore	B-Device
Amiga	I-Device
,	O
the	O
Sinclair	B-Device
QL	I-Device
,	O
the	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
,	O
the	O
SNK	O
NG	O
AES/Neo	O
Geo	O
CD	O
,	O
Atari	B-Device
Jaguar	I-Device
,	O
Commodore	B-Device
CDTV	I-Device
,	O
and	O
several	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
680x0	B-Device
were	O
also	O
the	O
processors	O
of	O
choice	O
in	O
the	O
1980s	O
for	O
Unix	B-Device
workstations	I-Device
and	O
servers	B-Application
such	O
as	O
T	O
's	O
UNIX	B-Device
PC	I-Device
,	O
Tandy	O
's	O
Model	O
16/16B/6000	O
,	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
 '	O
Sun-1	B-Device
,	O
Sun-2	B-Device
,	O
Sun-3	B-Device
,	O
NeXT	B-Device
Computer	I-Device
,	O
Silicon	O
Graphics	O
(	O
SGI	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
numerous	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
was	O
a	O
68000	B-Device
version	O
of	O
CP/M	B-Application
called	O
CP/M	B-Application
-68K	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
initially	O
proposed	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
operating	O
system	O
,	O
but	O
Atari	O
chose	O
Atari	B-Application
TOS	I-Application
instead	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
system	O
specific	O
ports	O
of	O
CP/M	B-Application
-68K	O
were	O
available	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
TriSoft	O
offered	O
a	O
port	O
of	O
the	O
CP/M	B-Application
-68K	O
for	O
the	O
Tandy	O
Model	O
16/16B/6000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
and	O
perhaps	O
most	O
significantly	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
several	O
versions	O
of	O
Adobe	O
's	O
PostScript	O
interpreters	O
were	O
68000-based	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
68000	B-Device
in	O
the	O
Apple	O
LaserWriter	O
and	O
LaserWriter	O
Plus	O
was	O
clocked	O
faster	O
than	O
the	O
version	O
used	O
then	O
in	O
Macintosh	B-Device
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
fast	O
68030	B-Device
in	O
later	O
PostScript	O
interpreters	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
standard	O
resolution	O
LaserWriter	O
IIntx	O
,	O
IIf	O
and	O
IIg	O
(	O
also	O
300	O
dpi	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
higher	O
resolution	O
LaserWriter	O
Pro	O
600	O
series	O
(	O
usually	O
600dpi	O
,	O
but	O
limited	O
to	O
300dpi	O
with	O
minimum	O
RAM	O
installed	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
very	O
high	O
resolution	O
Linotronic	O
imagesetters	O
,	O
the	O
200PS	O
(	O
1500+dpi	O
)	O
and	O
300PS	O
(	O
2500+dpi	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thereafter	O
,	O
Adobe	O
generally	O
preferred	O
a	O
RISC	B-Architecture
for	O
its	O
processor	O
,	O
as	O
its	O
competitors	O
,	O
with	O
their	O
PostScript	O
clones	O
,	O
had	O
already	O
gone	O
with	O
RISCs	B-Architecture
,	O
often	O
an	O
AMD	O
29000-series	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
early	O
68000-based	O
Adobe	O
PostScript	O
interpreters	O
and	O
their	O
hardware	O
were	O
named	O
for	O
Cold	O
War-era	O
U.S.	O
rockets	O
and	O
missiles	O
:	O
Atlas	O
,	O
Redstone	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Today	O
,	O
these	O
systems	O
are	O
either	O
end-of-line	O
(	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
the	O
Atari	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
are	O
using	O
different	O
processors	O
(	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
Macintosh	B-Device
,	O
Amiga	B-Device
,	O
Sun	O
,	O
and	O
SGI	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
NetBSD	B-Device
and	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
operating	O
systems	O
still	O
include	O
support	O
for	O
68000	B-Device
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
68000	B-Device
processors	O
were	O
also	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
Sega	B-Operating_System
Genesis	I-Operating_System
(	O
Mega	B-Operating_System
Drive	I-Operating_System
)	O
and	O
SNK	O
Neo	B-Application
Geo	I-Application
consoles	O
as	O
the	O
main	O
CPU	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
consoles	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Sega	B-Device
Saturn	I-Device
used	O
the	O
68000	B-Device
for	O
audio	O
processing	O
and	O
other	O
I/O	O
tasks	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
Atari	B-Device
Jaguar	I-Device
included	O
a	O
68000	B-Device
which	O
was	O
intended	O
for	O
basic	O
system	O
control	O
and	O
input	O
processing	O
,	O
but	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
Jaguar	B-Device
's	O
unusual	O
assortment	O
of	O
heterogeneous	O
processors	O
was	O
also	O
frequently	O
used	O
for	O
running	O
game	O
logic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
arcade	O
boards	O
also	O
used	O
68000	B-Device
processors	O
including	O
boards	O
from	O
Capcom	O
,	O
SNK	O
,	O
and	O
Sega	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microcontrollers	B-Architecture
derived	O
from	O
the	O
68000	B-Device
family	I-Device
have	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
huge	O
variety	O
of	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
CPU32	B-Device
and	O
ColdFire	B-Device
microcontrollers	B-Architecture
have	O
been	O
manufactured	O
in	O
the	O
millions	O
as	O
automotive	O
engine	O
controllers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
proprietary	O
video	O
editing	O
systems	O
used	O
68000	B-Device
processors	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
MacroSystem	O
Casablanca	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
a	O
black	O
box	O
with	O
an	O
easy	O
to	O
use	O
graphic	O
interface	O
(	O
1997	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
groundbreaking	O
Quantel	O
Paintbox	O
series	O
of	O
early	O
based	O
24-bit	O
paint	O
and	O
effects	O
system	O
was	O
originally	O
released	O
in	O
1981	O
and	O
during	O
its	O
lifetime	O
it	O
used	O
nearly	O
the	O
entire	O
range	O
of	O
68000	B-Device
family	I-Device
processors	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
sole	O
exception	B-Application
of	O
the	O
68060	B-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
was	O
never	O
implemented	O
in	O
its	O
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
contender	O
in	O
the	O
video	O
arena	O
,	O
the	O
Abekas	O
8150	O
DVE	O
system	O
,	O
used	O
the	O
680EC30	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Trinity	O
Play	O
,	O
later	O
renamed	O
Globecaster	O
,	O
uses	O
several	O
68030s	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Bosch	O
FGS-4000/4500	O
Video	O
Graphics	O
System	O
manufactured	O
by	O
Robert	O
Bosch	O
Corporation	O
,	O
later	O
BTS	O
(	O
1983	O
)	O
,	O
used	O
a	O
68000	B-Device
as	O
its	O
main	O
processor	O
;	O
it	O
drove	O
several	O
others	O
to	O
perform	O
3D	O
animation	O
in	O
a	O
computer	O
that	O
could	O
easily	O
apply	O
Gouraud	O
and	O
Phong	O
shading	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
People	O
who	O
are	O
familiar	O
with	O
the	O
PDP-11	B-Device
or	O
VAX	B-Device
usually	O
feel	O
comfortable	O
with	O
the	O
68000	B-Device
series	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
exception	B-Application
of	O
the	O
split	O
of	O
general-purpose	O
registers	B-General_Concept
into	O
specialized	O
data	O
and	O
address	B-General_Concept
registers	I-General_Concept
,	O
the	O
68000	B-Device
architecture	O
is	O
in	O
many	O
ways	O
a	O
32-bit	O
PDP-11	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
had	O
a	O
more	O
orthogonal	B-General_Concept
instruction	I-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
than	O
those	O
of	O
many	O
processors	O
that	O
came	O
before	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
8080	O
)	O
and	O
after	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
x86	B-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
is	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
typically	O
possible	O
to	O
combine	O
operations	O
freely	O
with	O
operands	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
being	O
restricted	O
to	O
using	O
certain	O
addressing	B-Language
modes	I-Language
with	O
certain	O
instructions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
68000	B-Device
series	I-Device
has	O
eight	O
32-bit	O
general-purpose	O
data	O
registers	B-General_Concept
(	O
D0-D7	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
eight	O
address	B-General_Concept
registers	I-General_Concept
(	O
A0-A7	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
last	O
address	B-General_Concept
register	I-General_Concept
is	O
the	O
stack	B-Application
pointer	I-Application
,	O
and	O
assemblers	O
accept	O
the	O
label	O
SP	O
as	O
equivalent	O
to	O
A7	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
a	O
16-bit	B-Device
status	B-General_Concept
register	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
upper	O
8	O
bits	O
is	O
the	O
system	O
byte	B-Application
,	O
and	O
modification	O
of	O
it	O
is	O
privileged	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
lower	O
8	O
bits	O
is	O
the	O
user	O
byte	B-Application
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
condition	B-General_Concept
code	I-General_Concept
register	I-General_Concept
(	O
CCR	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
modification	O
of	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
privileged	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
68000	B-Device
comparison	O
,	O
arithmetic	O
,	O
and	O
logic	O
operations	O
modify	O
condition	O
codes	O
to	O
record	O
their	O
results	O
for	O
use	O
by	O
later	O
conditional	B-General_Concept
jumps	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
condition	B-General_Concept
code	I-General_Concept
bits	O
are	O
"	O
zero	O
"	O
(	O
Z	B-Algorithm
)	O
,	O
"	O
carry	O
"	O
(	O
C	B-Algorithm
)	O
,	O
"	O
overflow	O
"	O
(	O
V	B-Algorithm
)	O
,	O
"	O
extend	O
"	O
(	O
X	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
"	O
negative	O
"	O
(	O
N	B-Algorithm
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
"	O
extend	O
"	O
(	O
X	O
)	O
flag	O
deserves	O
special	O
mention	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
separate	O
from	O
the	O
carry	B-Algorithm
flag	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
the	O
68000	B-Device
had	O
a	O
'	O
supervisor	O
mode	O
 '	O
,	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
meet	O
the	O
Popek	B-Architecture
and	I-Architecture
Goldberg	I-Architecture
virtualization	I-Architecture
requirements	I-Architecture
due	O
to	O
the	O
single	O
instruction	O
'	O
MOVE	O
from	O
SR	O
 '	O
,	O
which	O
copies	O
the	O
status	B-General_Concept
register	I-General_Concept
to	O
another	O
register	O
,	O
being	O
unprivileged	O
but	O
sensitive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
Motorola	B-Device
68010	I-Device
and	O
later	O
,	O
this	O
was	O
made	O
privileged	O
,	O
to	O
better	O
support	O
virtualization	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
68000	B-Device
series	I-Device
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
can	O
be	O
divided	O
into	O
the	O
following	O
broad	O
categories	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Conditional	B-General_Concept
and	O
unconditional	B-General_Concept
branches	I-General_Concept
(	O
BRA	O
,	O
Bcc	O
-	O
BEQ	O
,	O
BNE	O
,	O
BHI	O
,	O
BLO	O
,	O
BMI	O
,	O
BPL	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
no	O
equivalent	O
to	O
the	O
x86	B-Operating_System
CPUID	B-Architecture
instruction	O
to	O
determine	O
what	O
CPU	O
or	O
MMU	B-General_Concept
or	O
FPU	B-General_Concept
is	O
present	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Motorola	B-Device
68020	I-Device
added	O
some	O
new	O
instructions	O
that	O
include	O
some	O
minor	O
improvements	O
and	O
extensions	O
to	O
the	O
supervisor	O
state	O
,	O
several	O
instructions	O
for	O
software	O
management	O
of	O
a	O
multiprocessing	B-Operating_System
system	O
(	O
which	O
were	O
removed	O
in	O
the	O
68060	B-General_Concept
)	O
,	O
some	O
support	O
for	O
high-level	O
languages	O
which	O
did	O
not	O
get	O
used	O
much	O
(	O
and	O
was	O
removed	O
from	O
future	O
680x0	B-Device
processors	O
)	O
,	O
bigger	O
multiply	O
(	O
32×32	O
→	O
64	O
bits	O
)	O
and	O
divide	O
(	O
64÷32	O
→	O
32	O
bits	O
quotient	O
and	O
32	O
bits	O
remainder	O
)	O
instructions	O
,	O
and	O
bit	O
field	O
manipulations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
standard	O
addressing	B-Language
modes	I-Language
are	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Address	B-General_Concept
register	I-General_Concept
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Address	O
with	O
a	O
16-bit	B-Device
signed	O
offset	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Note	O
that	O
for	O
(	O
A0	O
)	O
+	O
and	O
−( A0	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
actual	O
increment	O
or	O
decrement	O
value	O
is	O
dependent	O
on	O
the	O
operand	O
size	O
:	O
a	O
byte	B-Application
access	O
adjusts	O
the	O
address	B-General_Concept
register	I-General_Concept
by	O
1	O
,	O
a	O
word	O
by	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
long	O
by	O
4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Relative	O
16-bit	B-Device
signed	O
offset	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Plus	O
:	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
status	B-General_Concept
register	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
,	O
in	O
later	O
models	O
,	O
other	O
special	O
registers	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Motorola	B-Device
68020	I-Device
added	O
a	O
scaled	O
indexing	O
address	B-Language
mode	I-Language
,	O
and	O
added	O
another	O
level	O
of	O
indirection	O
to	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
pre-existing	O
modes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
instructions	O
have	O
dot-letter	O
suffixes	O
,	O
permitting	O
operations	O
to	O
occur	O
on	O
8-bit	O
bytes	B-Application
(	O
"	O
.b	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
16-bit	B-Device
words	O
(	O
"	O
.w	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
32-bit	O
longs	O
(	O
"	O
.l	O
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
of	O
these	O
instructions	O
first	O
test	O
the	O
destination	O
bit	O
and	O
set	O
(	O
clear	O
)	O
the	O
CCR	O
Z	B-Algorithm
bit	O
if	O
the	O
destination	O
bit	O
is	O
0	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flow	O
of	O
control	O
:	O
JMP	O
(	O
jump	O
)	O
,	O
JSR	O
(	O
jump	O
to	O
subroutine	O
)	O
,	O
BSR	O
(	O
relative	O
address	O
jump	O
to	O
subroutine	O
)	O
,	O
RTS	O
(	O
return	O
from	O
subroutine	O
)	O
,	O
RTE	O
(	O
return	O
from	O
exception	B-Application
,	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
Branch	O
:	O
Bcc	O
(	O
where	O
the	O
"	O
cc	O
"	O
specified	O
one	O
of	O
14	O
tests	O
of	O
the	O
condition	O
codes	O
in	O
the	O
status	B-General_Concept
register	I-General_Concept
:	O
equal	O
,	O
greater	O
than	O
,	O
less-than	O
,	O
carry	O
,	O
and	O
most	O
combinations	O
and	O
logical	O
inversions	O
,	O
available	O
from	O
the	O
status	B-General_Concept
register	I-General_Concept
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Decrement-and-branch	O
:	O
DBcc	O
(	O
where	O
"	O
cc	O
"	O
was	O
as	O
for	O
the	O
branch	B-General_Concept
instructions	I-General_Concept
)	O
,	O
which	O
,	O
provided	O
the	O
condition	O
was	O
false	O
,	O
decremented	O
the	O
low	O
word	O
of	O
a	O
D-register	O
and	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
result	O
was	O
not	O
-1	O
( $FFFF	O
)	O
,	O
branched	O
to	O
a	O
destination	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Motorola	O
mainly	O
used	O
even	O
numbers	O
for	O
major	O
revisions	O
to	O
the	O
CPU	O
core	O
such	O
as	O
68000	B-Device
,	O
68020	B-Device
,	O
68040	B-Device
and	O
68060	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
68010	B-Device
was	O
a	O
revised	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
68000	B-Device
with	O
minor	O
modifications	O
to	O
the	O
core	O
,	O
and	O
likewise	O
the	O
68030	B-Device
was	O
a	O
revised	O
68020	B-Device
with	O
some	O
more	O
powerful	O
features	O
,	O
none	O
of	O
them	O
significant	O
enough	O
to	O
classify	O
as	O
a	O
major	O
upgrade	O
to	O
the	O
core	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Odd-numbered	O
releases	O
had	O
always	O
been	O
reactions	O
to	O
issues	O
raised	O
within	O
the	O
prior	O
even	O
numbered	O
part	O
;	O
hence	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
generally	O
expected	O
that	O
the	O
68050	O
would	O
have	O
reduced	O
the	O
68040	B-Device
's	O
power	O
consumption	O
(	O
and	O
thus	O
heat	O
dissipation	O
)	O
,	O
improved	O
exception	B-General_Concept
handling	I-General_Concept
in	O
the	O
FPU	B-General_Concept
,	O
used	O
a	O
smaller	O
feature	O
size	O
and	O
optimized	O
the	O
microcode	B-Device
in	O
line	O
with	O
program	O
use	O
of	O
instructions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
of	O
these	O
optimizations	O
were	O
included	O
with	O
the	O
68060	B-General_Concept
and	O
were	O
part	O
of	O
its	O
design	O
goals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
any	O
number	O
of	O
reasons	O
,	O
likely	O
that	O
the	O
68060	B-General_Concept
was	O
in	O
development	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
80486	I-General_Concept
was	O
not	O
progressing	O
as	O
quickly	O
as	O
Motorola	O
assumed	O
it	O
would	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
68060	B-General_Concept
was	O
a	O
demanding	O
project	O
,	O
the	O
68050	O
was	O
cancelled	O
early	O
in	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
also	O
no	O
revision	O
of	O
the	O
68060	B-General_Concept
,	O
as	O
Motorola	O
was	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
shifting	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
68000	B-Device
and	O
88k	B-Architecture
processor	O
lines	O
into	O
its	O
new	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
business	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
68070	B-Device
was	O
never	O
developed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Had	O
it	O
been	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
revised	O
68060	B-General_Concept
,	O
likely	O
with	O
a	O
superior	O
FPU	B-General_Concept
(	O
pipelining	B-General_Concept
was	O
widely	O
speculated	O
upon	O
on	O
Usenet	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
was	O
a	O
CPU	O
with	O
the	O
68070	B-Device
designation	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
a	O
licensed	O
and	O
somewhat	O
slower	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
16/32	O
-bit	O
68000	B-Device
with	O
a	O
basic	O
DMA	O
controller	O
,	O
I²C	O
host	O
and	O
an	O
on-chip	O
serial	O
port	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
68070	B-Device
was	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
main	O
CPU	O
in	O
the	O
Philips	B-Device
CD-i	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
CPU	O
was	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
produced	O
by	O
Philips	O
and	O
not	O
officially	O
part	O
of	O
Motorola	O
's	O
680x0	B-Device
lineup	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
4th-generation	O
68060	B-General_Concept
provided	O
equivalent	O
functionality	O
(	O
though	O
not	O
instruction-set-architecture	O
compatibility	O
)	O
to	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
P5	I-General_Concept
microarchitecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Personal	B-Device
Computers	I-Device
XT/370	O
and	O
AT/370	O
PC-based	B-Operating_System
IBM-compatible	I-Operating_System
mainframes	I-Operating_System
each	O
included	O
two	O
modified	O
Motorola	B-Device
68000	I-Device
processors	I-Device
with	O
custom	O
microcode	B-Device
to	O
emulate	O
S/370	B-Device
mainframe	O
instructions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
Arizona-based	O
company	O
,	O
Edge	O
Computer	O
Corp	O
,	O
reportedly	O
founded	O
by	O
former	O
Honeywell	O
designers	O
,	O
produced	O
processors	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
68000	B-Device
series	I-Device
,	O
these	O
being	O
claimed	O
as	O
having	O
"	O
a	O
three	O
to	O
five	O
times	O
performance	O
–	O
and	O
–	O
advantage	O
"	O
over	O
Motorola	O
's	O
own	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1987	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
introduced	O
the	O
Edge	O
1000	O
range	O
of	O
"	O
32-bit	O
superminicomputers	O
implementing	O
the	O
Motorola	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
in	O
the	O
Edge	O
mainframe	O
architecture	O
"	O
,	O
employing	O
two	O
independent	O
pipelines	B-General_Concept
-	O
an	O
instruction	O
fetch	O
pipeline	B-General_Concept
(	O
IFP	O
)	O
and	O
operand	O
executive	O
pipeline	B-General_Concept
(	O
OEP	O
)	O
-	O
relying	O
on	O
a	O
branch	B-General_Concept
prediction	I-General_Concept
unit	I-General_Concept
featuring	O
a	O
4096-entry	O
branch	O
cache	B-General_Concept
,	O
retrieving	O
instructions	O
and	O
operands	O
over	O
multiple	O
buses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Edgcore	O
's	O
deal	O
with	O
Olivetti	O
in	O
1987	O
to	O
supply	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
E1000	O
processor	O
was	O
followed	O
in	O
1989	O
by	O
another	O
deal	O
with	O
Philips	O
Telecommunications	O
Data	O
Systems	O
to	O
supply	O
the	O
E2000	O
processor	O
,	O
this	O
supporting	O
the	O
68030	B-Device
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
and	O
reportedly	O
offering	O
a	O
performance	O
rating	O
of	O
16	O
VAX	B-Device
MIPS	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
increasing	O
competition	O
from	O
RISC	B-Architecture
products	O
,	O
Edgcore	O
sought	O
to	O
distinguish	O
its	O
products	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
by	O
emphasising	O
its	O
"	O
alliance	O
"	O
with	O
Motorola	O
,	O
employing	O
a	O
marketing	O
campaign	O
drawing	O
from	O
Aesop	O
's	O
fables	O
with	O
"	O
the	O
fox	O
(	O
Edgecore	O
)	O
who	O
climbs	O
on	O
the	O
back	O
of	O
the	O
stallion	O
(	O
Motorola	O
)	O
to	O
pluck	O
fruit	O
off	O
the	O
higher	O
branches	O
of	O
the	O
tree	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1992	O
,	O
a	O
company	O
called	O
International	O
Meta	O
Systems	O
(	O
IMS	O
)	O
announced	O
a	O
RISC-based	B-Architecture
CPU	O
,	O
the	O
,	O
that	O
could	O
reportedly	O
emulate	O
the	O
"	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
486	I-General_Concept
or	O
Motorola	B-Device
68040	I-Device
at	O
full	O
native	O
speeds	O
and	O
at	O
a	O
fraction	O
of	O
their	O
cost	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Clocked	O
at	O
,	O
emulations	O
had	O
supposedly	O
been	O
developed	O
of	O
a	O
486	B-General_Concept
and	O
68040	B-Device
,	O
including	O
floating-point	B-General_Concept
unit	I-General_Concept
support	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
product	O
aiming	O
for	O
mid-1993	O
production	O
at	O
a	O
per-unit	O
cost	O
of	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amidst	O
the	O
apparent	O
proliferation	O
of	O
emulation	O
support	O
in	O
processors	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
615	O
,	O
in	O
1994	O
,	O
IMS	O
had	O
reportedly	O
filed	O
a	O
patent	O
on	O
its	O
emulation	O
technology	O
but	O
had	O
not	O
found	O
any	O
licensees	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
mainline	O
68000	B-Device
processors	O
 '	O
demise	O
,	O
the	O
68000	B-Device
family	I-Device
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
some	O
extent	O
in	O
microcontroller	B-Architecture
and	O
embedded	B-Architecture
microprocessor	I-Architecture
versions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
the	O
CPU32	B-Device
(	O
aka	O
68330	B-Device
)	O
,	O
the	O
ColdFire	B-Device
,	O
the	O
QUICC	B-Device
and	O
the	O
DragonBall	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
advent	O
of	O
FPGA	B-Architecture
technology	O
an	O
international	O
team	O
of	O
hardware	O
developers	O
have	O
re-created	O
the	O
68000	B-Device
with	O
many	O
enhancements	O
as	O
an	O
FPGA	B-Architecture
core	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Their	O
core	O
is	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
68080	O
and	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
Vampire-branded	O
Amiga	B-Device
accelerators	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Magnetic	O
Scrolls	O
used	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
the	O
68000	B-Device
's	O
instructions	O
as	O
a	O
base	O
for	O
the	O
virtual	O
machine	O
in	O
their	O
text	O
adventures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
1980s	O
and	O
early	O
1990s	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
68000	B-Device
was	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
desktop	B-Device
computers	I-Device
,	O
it	O
mainly	O
competed	O
against	O
Intel	O
's	O
x86	B-Operating_System
architecture	I-Operating_System
used	O
in	O
IBM	O
PC	O
compatibles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Generation	O
1	O
68000	B-Device
CPUs	O
competed	O
against	O
mainly	O
the	O
16-bit	B-Device
8086	B-General_Concept
,	O
8088	B-Device
,	O
and	O
80286	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Generation	O
2	O
competed	O
against	O
the	O
80386	B-General_Concept
(	O
the	O
first	O
32-bit	O
x86	B-Operating_System
processor	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
generation	O
3	O
against	O
the	O
80486	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
fourth	O
generation	O
competed	O
with	O
the	O
P5	B-General_Concept
Pentium	B-General_Concept
line	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
nearly	O
as	O
widely	O
used	O
as	O
its	O
predecessors	O
,	O
since	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
old	O
68000	B-Device
marketplace	O
was	O
either	O
defunct	O
or	O
nearly	O
so	O
(	O
as	O
was	O
the	O
case	O
with	O
Atari	O
and	O
NeXT	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
converting	O
to	O
newer	O
architectures	O
(	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
for	O
the	O
Macintosh	B-Device
and	O
Amiga	B-Device
,	O
SPARC	B-Architecture
for	O
Sun	O
,	O
and	O
MIPS	B-Device
for	O
Silicon	O
Graphics	O
(	O
SGI	O
)	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
dozens	O
of	O
processor	O
architectures	O
that	O
are	O
successful	O
in	O
embedded	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
are	O
microcontrollers	B-Architecture
which	O
are	O
much	O
simpler	O
,	O
smaller	O
,	O
and	O
cheaper	O
than	O
the	O
68000	B-Device
,	O
while	O
others	O
are	O
relatively	O
sophisticated	O
and	O
can	O
run	O
complex	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Embedded	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
68000	B-Device
often	O
compete	O
with	O
processor	O
architectures	O
based	O
on	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
,	O
ARM	B-Architecture
,	O
MIPS	B-Device
,	O
SuperH	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
