<s>
NCSA	B-Application
Mosaic	I-Application
is	O
a	O
discontinued	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
,	O
and	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
be	O
widely	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
named	O
for	O
its	O
support	O
of	O
multiple	O
Internet	B-Protocol
protocols	I-Protocol
,	O
such	O
as	O
Hypertext	B-Protocol
Transfer	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
,	O
File	B-Protocol
Transfer	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
,	O
Network	B-Protocol
News	I-Protocol
Transfer	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
,	O
and	O
Gopher	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mosaic	B-Application
is	O
the	O
first	O
browser	B-Application
to	O
display	O
images	O
inline	O
with	O
text	O
instead	O
of	O
in	O
a	O
separate	O
window	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
often	O
described	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
graphical	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
,	O
though	O
it	O
was	O
preceded	O
by	O
WorldWideWeb	B-Language
,	O
the	O
lesser-known	O
Erwise	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
ViolaWWW	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mosaic	B-Application
was	O
developed	O
at	O
the	O
National	B-General_Concept
Center	I-General_Concept
for	I-General_Concept
Supercomputing	I-General_Concept
Applications	I-General_Concept
(	O
NCSA	B-General_Concept
)	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Illinois	O
at	O
Urbana	O
–	O
Champaign	O
beginning	O
in	O
late	O
1992	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NCSA	B-General_Concept
released	O
it	O
in	O
1993	O
,	O
and	O
officially	O
discontinued	O
development	O
and	O
support	O
on	O
January	O
7	O
,	O
1997	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
in	O
1995	O
,	O
Mosaic	B-Application
lost	O
market	B-Application
share	I-Application
to	O
Netscape	B-Protocol
Navigator	I-Protocol
and	O
only	O
had	O
a	O
tiny	O
fraction	O
of	O
users	O
left	O
by	O
1997	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
project	O
was	O
discontinued	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
licensed	O
Mosaic	B-Application
to	O
create	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
in	O
1995	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
trying	O
ViolaWWW	B-Protocol
,	O
David	O
Thompson	O
demonstrated	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
NCSA	B-General_Concept
software	O
design	O
group	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
inspired	O
Marc	O
Andreessen	O
and	O
Eric	O
Bina	O
–	O
two	O
programmers	O
working	O
at	O
NCSA	B-General_Concept
–	O
to	O
create	O
Mosaic	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Andreessen	O
and	O
Bina	O
originally	O
designed	O
and	O
programmed	O
NCSA	B-Application
Mosaic	I-Application
for	O
Unix	B-Application
's	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
called	O
xmosaic	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Then	O
,	O
in	O
December	O
1991	O
,	O
the	O
Gore	O
Bill	O
created	O
and	O
introduced	O
by	O
then	O
Senator	O
and	O
future	O
Vice	O
President	O
Al	O
Gore	O
was	O
passed	O
,	O
which	O
provided	O
the	O
funding	O
for	O
the	O
Mosaic	B-Application
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Marc	O
Andreessen	O
announced	O
the	O
project	O
's	O
first	O
release	O
,	O
the	O
"	O
alpha/beta	O
version	O
0.5	O
,	O
"	O
on	O
January	O
23	O
,	O
1993	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ports	O
to	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
and	O
Macintosh	B-Device
were	O
released	O
in	O
September	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
port	B-Device
of	I-Device
Mosaic	I-Device
to	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
was	O
available	O
by	O
October	O
1993	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NCSA	B-Application
Mosaic	I-Application
for	O
Unix	B-Application
(	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
)	O
version	O
2.0	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
November	O
10	O
,	O
1993	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
1.0	O
for	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
was	O
released	O
on	O
November	O
11	O
,	O
1993	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
1994	O
to	O
1997	O
,	O
the	O
National	O
Science	O
Foundation	O
supported	O
the	O
further	O
development	O
of	O
Mosaic	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Marc	O
Andreessen	O
,	O
the	O
leader	O
of	O
the	O
team	O
that	O
developed	O
Mosaic	B-Application
,	O
left	O
NCSA	B-General_Concept
and	O
,	O
with	O
James	O
H	O
.	O
Clark	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
founders	O
of	O
Silicon	O
Graphics	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
(	O
SGI	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
four	O
other	O
former	O
students	O
and	O
staff	O
of	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Illinois	O
,	O
started	O
Mosaic	B-Application
Communications	O
Corporation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mosaic	B-Application
Communications	O
eventually	O
became	O
Netscape	B-Protocol
Communications	O
Corporation	O
,	O
producing	O
Netscape	B-Protocol
Navigator	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mosaic	B-Application
's	O
popularity	O
as	O
a	O
separate	O
browser	B-Application
began	O
to	O
decrease	O
after	O
the	O
1994	O
release	O
of	O
Netscape	B-Protocol
Navigator	I-Protocol
the	O
relevance	O
of	O
which	O
was	O
noted	O
in	O
The	O
HTML	B-Language
Sourcebook	O
:	O
The	O
Complete	O
Guide	O
to	O
HTML	B-Language
:	O
"	O
Netscape	B-Protocol
Communications	O
has	O
designed	O
an	O
all-new	O
WWW	B-Application
browser	I-Application
Netscape	B-Protocol
,	O
that	O
has	O
significant	O
enhancements	O
over	O
the	O
original	O
Mosaic	B-Application
program.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1994	O
,	O
SCO	O
released	O
Global	O
Access	O
,	O
a	O
modified	O
version	O
of	O
SCO	B-Operating_System
's	I-Operating_System
Open	I-Operating_System
Desktop	I-Operating_System
Unix	I-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
became	O
the	O
first	O
commercial	O
product	O
to	O
incorporate	O
Mosaic	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
by	O
1998	O
,	O
the	O
Mosaic	B-Application
user	O
base	O
had	O
almost	O
completely	O
evaporated	O
as	O
users	O
moved	O
to	O
other	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
licensing	O
terms	O
for	O
NCSA	B-Application
Mosaic	I-Application
were	O
generous	O
for	O
a	O
proprietary	O
software	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
X	O
Window	O
System/Unix	O
version	O
publicly	O
provided	O
source	O
code	O
(	O
source	O
code	O
for	O
the	O
other	O
versions	O
was	O
available	O
after	O
agreements	O
were	O
signed	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
persistent	O
rumors	O
to	O
the	O
contrary	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
Mosaic	B-Application
was	O
never	O
released	O
as	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
software	I-Application
during	O
its	O
brief	O
reign	O
as	O
a	O
major	O
browser	B-Application
;	O
there	O
were	O
always	O
constraints	O
on	O
permissible	O
uses	O
without	O
payment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fujitsu	O
Limited	O
(	O
Product	O
:	O
Infomosaic	O
,	O
a	O
Japanese	O
version	O
of	O
Mosaic	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Infoseek	O
Corporation	O
(	O
Product	O
:	O
No	O
commercial	O
Mosaic	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quadralay	O
Corporation	O
(	O
Consumer	O
version	O
of	O
Mosaic	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
using	O
Mosaic	B-Application
in	O
its	O
online	O
help	O
and	O
information	O
product	O
,	O
GWHIS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Santa	O
Cruz	O
Operation	O
Inc	O
.	O
(	O
Product	O
:	O
Incorporating	O
Mosaic	B-Application
into	O
"	O
SCO	O
Global	O
Access	O
"	O
,	O
a	O
communications	O
package	O
for	O
Unix	B-Application
machines	O
that	O
works	O
with	O
SCO	O
's	O
Open	B-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
SPRY	O
Inc	O
.	O
(	O
Products	O
:	O
A	O
communication	O
suite	O
:	O
Air	O
Mail	O
,	O
Air	O
News	O
,	O
Air	O
Mosaic	B-Application
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Spyglass	B-Application
,	I-Application
Inc	I-Application
.	I-Application
(	O
Product	O
:	O
Relicensing	O
to	O
other	O
vendors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Signed	O
deal	O
with	O
Digital	O
Equipment	O
Corp.	O
,	O
which	O
would	O
ship	O
Mosaic	B-Application
with	O
all	O
its	O
machines	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
Mosaic	B-Application
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
libwww	B-Protocol
library	B-Library
and	O
thus	O
supported	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
Internet	B-Protocol
protocols	I-Protocol
included	O
in	O
the	O
library	B-Library
:	O
Archie	B-Protocol
,	O
FTP	B-Protocol
,	O
gopher	B-Protocol
,	O
HTTP	B-Protocol
,	O
NNTP	B-Protocol
,	O
telnet	B-Protocol
,	O
WAIS	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mosaic	B-Application
is	O
not	O
the	O
first	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
for	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
;	O
this	O
is	O
Thomas	O
R	O
.	O
Bruce	O
's	O
little-known	O
Cello	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Unix	B-Application
version	O
of	O
Mosaic	B-Application
was	O
already	O
famous	O
before	O
the	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
,	O
Amiga	B-Device
,	O
and	O
Mac	O
versions	O
were	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
than	O
displaying	O
images	O
embedded	O
in	O
the	O
text	O
(	O
rather	O
than	O
in	O
a	O
separate	O
window	O
)	O
,	O
Mosaic	B-Application
's	O
original	O
feature	O
set	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
browsers	B-Application
on	O
which	O
it	O
was	O
modeled	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
ViolaWWW	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
Mosaic	B-Application
was	O
the	O
first	O
browser	B-Application
written	O
and	O
supported	O
by	O
a	O
team	O
of	O
full-time	O
programmers	O
,	O
was	O
reliable	O
and	O
easy	O
enough	O
for	O
novices	O
to	O
install	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
inline	O
graphics	O
reportedly	O
proved	O
immensely	O
appealing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mosaic	B-Application
is	O
said	O
to	O
have	O
made	O
the	O
Web	O
accessible	O
to	O
the	O
ordinary	O
person	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
and	O
already	O
had	O
53%	O
market	B-Application
share	I-Application
in	O
1995	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mosaic	B-Application
was	O
the	O
first	O
browser	B-Application
to	O
explore	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
collaborative	B-Protocol
annotation	I-Protocol
in	O
1993	O
but	O
never	O
passed	O
the	O
test	O
state	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mosaic	B-Application
was	O
the	O
first	O
browser	B-Application
that	O
could	O
submit	O
forms	B-General_Concept
to	O
a	O
server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mosaic	B-Application
led	O
to	O
the	O
Internet	O
boom	O
of	O
the	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
browsers	B-Application
existed	O
during	O
this	O
period	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Erwise	B-Protocol
,	O
ViolaWWW	B-Protocol
,	O
MidasWWW	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
tkWWW	B-Application
,	O
but	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
the	O
same	O
effect	O
as	O
Mosaic	B-Application
on	O
public	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
October	O
1994	O
issue	O
of	O
Wired	O
magazine	O
,	O
Gary	O
Wolfe	O
notes	O
in	O
the	O
article	O
titled	O
"	O
The	O
(	O
Second	O
Phase	O
of	O
the	O
)	O
Revolution	O
Has	O
Begun	O
:	O
Do	O
n't	O
look	O
now	O
,	O
but	O
Prodigy	O
,	O
AOL	O
,	O
and	O
CompuServe	O
are	O
all	O
suddenly	O
obsolete	O
–	O
and	O
Mosaic	B-Application
is	O
well	O
on	O
its	O
way	O
to	O
becoming	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
standard	O
interface	O
"	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Reid	O
also	O
refers	O
to	O
Matthew	O
K	O
.	O
Gray	O
's	O
website	O
,	O
,	O
which	O
indicates	O
a	O
dramatic	O
leap	O
in	O
web	O
use	O
around	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
Mosaic	B-Application
's	O
introduction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ultimately	O
,	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
such	O
as	O
Mosaic	B-Application
became	O
the	O
killer	O
applications	O
of	O
the	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
were	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
bring	O
a	O
graphical	O
interface	O
to	O
search	O
tools	O
the	O
Internet	O
's	O
burgeoning	O
wealth	O
of	O
distributed	O
information	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
mid-1994	O
guide	O
lists	O
Mosaic	B-Application
alongside	O
the	O
traditional	O
,	O
text-oriented	O
information	O
search	O
tools	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
Archie	B-Protocol
and	O
Veronica	B-Protocol
,	O
Gopher	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
WAIS	B-Protocol
but	O
Mosaic	B-Application
quickly	O
subsumed	O
and	O
displaced	O
them	O
all	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Joseph	O
Hardin	O
,	O
the	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
NCSA	B-General_Concept
group	O
within	O
which	O
Mosaic	B-Application
was	O
developed	O
,	O
said	O
downloads	O
were	O
up	O
to	O
50,000	O
a	O
month	O
in	O
mid-1994	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
its	O
release	O
year	O
of	O
1993	O
,	O
Mosaic	B-Application
had	O
a	O
What	O
's	O
New	O
page	O
,	O
and	O
about	O
one	O
new	O
link	O
was	O
being	O
added	O
per	O
day	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Yet	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
availability	O
of	O
Mosaic	B-Application
and	O
Mosaic-derived	O
graphical	O
browsers	B-Application
themselves	O
that	O
drove	O
the	O
explosive	O
growth	O
of	O
the	O
Web	O
to	O
over	O
10,000	O
sites	O
by	O
August	O
1995	O
and	O
millions	O
by	O
1998	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Metcalfe	O
expressed	O
the	O
pivotal	O
role	O
of	O
Mosaic	B-Application
this	O
way	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Netscape	B-Protocol
Navigator	I-Protocol
was	O
later	O
developed	O
by	O
Netscape	B-Protocol
,	O
which	O
employed	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
Mosaic	B-Application
authors	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
it	O
intentionally	O
shared	O
no	O
code	O
with	O
Mosaic	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Netscape	B-Protocol
Navigator	I-Protocol
's	O
code	O
descendant	O
is	O
Mozilla	B-Application
Firefox	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Spyglass	B-Application
,	I-Application
Inc	I-Application
.	I-Application
licensed	O
the	O
technology	O
and	O
trademarks	O
from	O
NCSA	B-General_Concept
for	O
producing	O
its	O
own	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
but	O
never	O
used	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
NCSA	B-Application
Mosaic	I-Application
source	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
licensed	O
Spyglass	B-Application
Mosaic	I-Application
in	O
1995	O
for	O
US$2	O
million	O
,	O
modified	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
renamed	O
it	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
1995	O
user	O
guide	O
The	O
HTML	B-Language
Sourcebook	O
:	O
The	O
Complete	O
Guide	O
to	O
HTML	B-Language
,	O
specifically	O
states	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
section	O
called	O
Coming	O
Attractions	O
,	O
that	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
"	O
will	O
be	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Mosaic	B-Application
program	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versions	O
of	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
before	O
version	B-Application
7	I-Application
stated	O
"	O
Based	O
on	O
NCSA	B-Application
Mosaic	I-Application
"	O
in	O
the	O
About	O
box	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
7	I-Application
was	O
audited	O
by	O
Microsoft	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
it	O
contained	O
no	O
Mosaic	B-Application
code	O
,	O
and	O
thus	O
no	O
longer	O
credits	O
Spyglass	O
or	O
Mosaic	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
NCSA	B-General_Concept
stopped	O
work	O
on	O
Mosaic	B-Application
,	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
NCSA	B-Application
Mosaic	I-Application
for	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
source	O
code	O
was	O
continued	O
by	O
several	O
independent	O
groups	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
independent	O
development	O
efforts	O
include	O
mMosaic	O
(	O
multicast	O
Mosaic	B-Application
)	O
which	O
ceased	O
development	O
in	O
early	O
2004	O
,	O
and	O
Mosaic-CK	O
and	O
VMS	B-Operating_System
Mosaic	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
VMS	B-Operating_System
Mosaic	B-Application
,	O
a	O
version	O
specifically	O
targeting	O
OpenVMS	B-Operating_System
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
longest-lived	O
efforts	O
to	O
maintain	O
Mosaic	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
the	O
VMS	B-Operating_System
support	O
already	O
built-in	O
in	O
original	O
version	O
(	O
Bjorn	O
S	O
.	O
Nilsson	O
ported	O
Mosaic	B-Application
1.2	O
to	O
VMS	B-Operating_System
in	O
the	O
summer	O
of	O
1993	O
)	O
,	O
developers	O
incorporated	O
a	O
substantial	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
HTML	B-Language
engine	O
from	O
mMosaic	O
,	O
another	O
defunct	O
flavor	O
of	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
version	O
(	O
4.2	O
)	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
2007	O
,	O
VMS	B-Operating_System
Mosaic	B-Application
supported	O
HTML	B-Language
4.0	I-Language
,	O
OpenSSL	B-Language
,	O
cookies	B-Application
,	O
and	O
various	O
image	O
formats	O
including	O
GIF	O
,	O
JPEG	O
,	O
PNG	O
,	O
BMP	B-Device
,	O
TGA	O
,	O
TIFF	O
and	O
JPEG	O
2000	O
image	O
formats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
browser	B-Application
works	O
on	O
VAX	B-Device
,	O
Alpha	B-Device
,	O
and	O
Itanium	B-General_Concept
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
long-lived	O
version	O
,	O
Mosaic-CK	O
,	O
developed	O
by	O
Cameron	O
Kaiser	O
,	O
was	O
last	O
released	O
(	O
version	O
2.7ck9	O
)	O
on	O
July	O
11	O
,	O
2010	O
;	O
a	O
maintenance	O
release	O
with	O
minor	O
compatibility	O
fixes	O
(	O
version	O
2.7ck10	O
)	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
January	O
9	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
another	O
one	O
(	O
2.7ck11	O
)	O
in	O
October	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
stated	O
goal	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
is	O
"	O
Lynx	B-Application
with	O
graphics	O
"	O
and	O
runs	O
on	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	B-Operating_System
,	O
Power	O
MachTen	B-Operating_System
,	O
Linux	O
and	O
other	O
compatible	O
Unix-like	O
OSs	O
.	O
</s>
