<s>
Moodle	B-Application
is	O
a	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
learning	B-Application
management	I-Application
system	I-Application
written	O
in	O
PHP	B-Application
and	O
distributed	O
under	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moodle	B-Application
is	O
used	O
for	O
blended	O
learning	O
,	O
distance	O
education	O
,	O
flipped	O
classroom	O
and	O
other	O
online	O
learning	O
projects	O
in	O
schools	O
,	O
universities	O
,	O
workplaces	O
and	O
other	O
sectors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moodle	B-Application
is	O
used	O
to	O
create	O
custom	O
websites	O
with	O
online	O
courses	O
and	O
allows	O
for	O
community-sourced	O
plugins	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moodle	B-Application
was	O
originally	O
developed	O
by	O
Martin	B-Application
Dougiamas	I-Application
with	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
helping	O
educators	O
create	O
online	O
courses	O
and	O
a	O
focus	O
on	O
interaction	O
and	O
collaborative	O
construction	O
of	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
Moodle	B-Application
was	O
released	O
on	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
continues	O
to	O
be	O
actively	O
developed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Moodle	B-Application
Project	O
is	O
led	O
and	O
coordinated	O
by	O
Moodle	B-Application
HQ	O
,	O
an	O
Australian	O
company	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
financially	O
supported	O
by	O
a	O
network	O
of	O
eighty-four	O
Moodle	B-Application
Partner	I-Application
service	O
companies	O
worldwide	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Development	O
is	O
also	O
assisted	O
by	O
the	O
open-source	B-Application
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moodle	B-Application
is	O
a	O
learning	B-Protocol
platform	I-Protocol
used	O
to	O
augment	O
and	O
move	O
existing	O
learning	O
environments	O
online	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
an	O
E-learning	O
tool	O
,	O
Moodle	B-Application
developed	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
features	O
now	O
considered	O
standard	O
for	O
learning	B-Application
management	I-Application
systems	I-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
calendar	O
and	O
gradebook	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Plugins	B-Application
,	O
custom	O
graphical	O
themes	O
,	O
mobile	B-General_Concept
responsive	I-General_Concept
web	I-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
a	O
Moodle	B-Application
mobile	B-Application
app	I-Application
are	O
available	O
to	O
customize	O
each	O
individual	O
's	O
experience	O
on	O
the	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moodle	B-Application
's	O
mobile	B-Application
app	I-Application
is	O
available	O
on	O
Google	B-Application
Play	I-Application
,	O
App	B-Application
Store	I-Application
(	O
iOS	O
)	O
,	O
F-Droid	B-Application
(	O
Android	O
FLOSS	B-License
repository	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Windows	B-Application
Phone	I-Application
Store	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moodle	B-Application
has	O
adopted	O
the	O
following	O
e-learning	O
standards	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Sharable	O
Content	O
Object	O
Reference	O
Model	O
(	O
SCORM	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
E-learning	O
standards	O
and	O
specifications	O
that	O
define	O
communications	O
between	O
client	O
side	O
content	O
and	O
a	O
server	O
side	O
learning	B-Application
management	I-Application
system	I-Application
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
how	O
externally	O
authored	O
content	O
should	O
be	O
packaged	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
integrate	O
with	O
the	O
LMS	O
effectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moodle	B-Application
is	O
SCORM	O
1.2	O
compliant	O
,	O
and	O
passes	O
all	O
the	O
tests	O
in	O
the	O
ADL	O
Conformance	O
test	O
suite	O
1.2.7	O
for	O
SCORM	O
1.2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SCORM	O
2004	O
is	O
not	O
supported	O
in	O
Moodle	B-Application
,	O
however	O
Rustici	O
Software	O
have	O
a	O
Moodle	B-Application
plugin	B-Application
which	O
can	O
turn	O
any	O
Moodle	B-Application
site	O
into	O
a	O
fully	O
compliant	O
SCORM	O
2004	O
LMS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AICC	O
content	O
packages	O
are	O
supported	O
in	O
Moodle	B-Application
2.1	O
and	O
later	O
versions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IMS	O
Common	O
Cartridge	O
packages	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
imported	O
into	O
Moodle	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
Moodle	B-Application
Book	O
activities	O
can	O
be	O
exported	O
as	O
IMS	O
Content	O
Packages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Learning	B-General_Concept
Tools	I-General_Concept
Interoperability	I-General_Concept
(	O
LTI	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
standard	O
way	O
of	O
integrating	O
rich	O
learning	O
applications	O
(	O
often	O
remotely	O
hosted	O
and	O
provided	O
through	O
third-party	O
services	O
)	O
with	O
educational	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moodle	B-Application
uses	O
the	O
External	O
Tool	O
activity	O
to	O
act	O
as	O
an	O
'	O
LTI	O
consumer	O
 '	O
as	O
standard	O
,	O
and	O
will	O
act	O
as	O
an	O
'	O
LTI	O
provider	O
 '	O
using	O
a	O
plugin	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
can	O
download	O
and	O
install	O
Moodle	B-Application
on	O
a	O
Web	B-Application
server	I-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Apache	B-Application
HTTP	I-Application
Server	I-Application
,	O
and	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
database	O
management	O
systems	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
MySQL	B-Application
,	O
are	O
supported	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pre-built	O
combinations	O
of	O
Moodle	B-Application
with	O
a	O
Web	B-Application
server	I-Application
and	O
database	O
are	O
available	O
for	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
and	O
Mac	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
automated	O
installation	O
approaches	O
exist	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
installing	O
a	O
Debian	O
package	O
,	O
deploying	O
a	O
ready-to-use	O
TurnKey	B-General_Concept
Moodle	B-Application
appliance	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
Bitnami	B-General_Concept
installer	O
,	O
or	O
using	O
a	O
"	O
one-click	O
install	O
"	O
service	O
such	O
as	O
Installatron	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Certified	O
Moodle	B-Application
Partners	I-Application
provide	O
other	O
Moodle	B-Application
services	O
,	O
including	O
hosting	O
,	O
training	O
,	O
customization	O
and	O
content	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
network	O
of	O
providers	O
support	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
Moodle	B-Application
project	O
through	O
royalties	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moodle	B-Application
runs	O
without	O
modification	O
on	O
Unix	B-Application
,	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
MacOS	B-Application
,	O
NetWare	B-Operating_System
and	O
any	O
other	O
systems	O
that	O
support	O
PHP	B-Application
and	O
a	O
database	O
,	O
including	O
webhost	O
providers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moodle	B-Application
also	O
has	O
import	O
features	O
for	O
use	O
with	O
other	O
specific	O
systems	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
importing	O
quizzes	O
or	O
entire	O
courses	O
from	O
Blackboard	B-Protocol
or	O
WebCT	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
Moodle	B-Application
did	O
not	O
import	O
Blackboard	B-Protocol
courses	O
,	O
apparently	O
due	O
to	O
changes	O
in	O
php	B-Application
code-releases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2012	O
Blackboard	B-Protocol
acquired	O
two	O
companies	O
based	O
on	O
Moodle	B-Application
's	O
software	O
including	O
Baltimore-based	O
Moodlerooms	O
Inc	O
.	O
and	O
NetSpot	O
of	O
Adelaide	O
,	O
Australia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2015	O
,	O
Blackboard	B-Protocol
acquired	O
Colombia-based	O
Nivel7	O
,	O
possibly	O
the	O
largest	O
Moodle	B-Application
services	O
provider	O
in	O
Latin	O
America	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Red	O
Hat	O
site	O
,	O
Opensource.com,	O
reported	O
that	O
Moodle	B-Application
will	O
always	O
be	O
an	O
open-source	B-Application
project	O
,	O
with	O
clear	O
delineation	O
between	O
Blackboard	B-Protocol
and	O
Moodle	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Martin	B-Application
Dougiamas	I-Application
,	O
who	O
has	O
graduate	O
degrees	O
in	O
computer	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
and	O
education	O
,	O
wrote	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
Moodle	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dougiamas	B-Application
started	O
a	O
Ph.D.	O
to	O
examine	O
"	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
software	I-Application
to	O
support	O
a	O
social	O
constructionist	O
epistemology	O
of	O
teaching	O
and	O
learning	O
within	O
Internet-based	O
communities	O
of	O
reflective	O
inquiry.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
how	O
exactly	O
social	O
constructivism	O
makes	O
Moodle	B-Application
different	O
from	O
other	O
eLearning	O
platforms	O
is	O
difficult	O
to	O
show	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
cited	O
as	O
an	O
important	O
factor	O
by	O
Moodle	B-Application
adopters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
Moodle	B-Application
adopters	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Open	O
University	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
,	O
have	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
Learning	B-Application
Management	I-Application
Systems	I-Application
can	O
equally	O
be	O
seen	O
as	O
"	O
relatively	O
pedagogy-neutral	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
stated	O
philosophy	O
of	O
Moodle	B-Application
includes	O
a	O
constructivist	O
and	O
social	O
constructionist	O
approach	O
to	O
education	O
,	O
emphasizing	O
that	O
learners	O
(	O
and	O
not	O
just	O
teachers	O
)	O
can	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
educational	O
experience	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
these	O
pedagogical	O
principles	O
,	O
Moodle	B-Application
provides	O
an	O
environment	O
for	O
learning	O
communities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
acronym	O
Moodle	B-Application
officially	O
stands	O
for	O
modular	O
object-oriented	O
dynamic	O
learning	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
project	O
was	O
first	O
started	O
,	O
the	O
"	O
m	O
"	O
instead	O
stood	O
for	O
"	O
Martin	O
's	O
"	O
,	O
after	O
original	O
developer	O
Martin	B-Application
Dougiamas	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Besides	O
being	O
an	O
acronym	O
,	O
the	O
name	O
was	O
also	O
chosen	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
dictionary	O
definition	O
of	O
Moodle	B-Application
,	O
with	O
connotations	O
such	O
as	O
"	O
tinkering	O
"	O
,	O
"	O
insight	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
"	O
creativity	O
"	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
to	O
correspond	O
to	O
an	O
available	O
domain	O
name	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moodle	B-Application
has	O
continued	O
to	O
evolve	O
since	O
1999	O
(	O
since	O
2001	O
with	O
the	O
current	O
architecture	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Institutions	O
can	O
add	O
as	O
many	O
Moodle	B-Application
servers	O
as	O
needed	O
without	O
having	O
to	O
pay	O
license	O
fees	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Open	O
University	O
of	O
the	O
UK	O
currently	O
uses	O
a	O
Moodle	B-Application
installation	O
for	O
their	O
200,000	O
users	O
while	O
the	O
UK	O
government	O
uses	O
a	O
Moodle	B-Application
installation	O
for	O
their	O
Civil	O
Service	O
Learning	B-Protocol
platform	I-Protocol
serving	O
half	O
a	O
million	O
employees	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
LTS	O
)	O
EOL	O
(	O
Maintained	O
from	O
May	O
2014	O
to	O
May	O
2017	O
)	O
Atto	O
HTML	O
Editor	O
,	O
responsive	B-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
,	O
log	O
in	O
with	O
email	O
address	O
2.8.12	O
EOL	O
(	O
Maintained	O
from	O
November	O
2014	O
to	O
May	O
2016	O
)	O
Text	O
autosave	O
,	O
like	O
rating	O
2.9.9	O
EOL	O
(	O
Maintained	O
from	O
May	O
2015	O
to	O
November	O
2016	O
)	O
Dashboard	O
,	O
view	O
all	O
grades	O
3.0.10	O
EOL	O
(	O
Maintained	O
from	O
November	O
2015	O
to	O
May	O
2017	O
)	O
4	O
new	O
quiz	O
types	O
3.1.18	O
(	O
LTS	O
)	O
EOL	O
(	O
Maintained	O
from	O
May	O
2016	O
to	O
May	O
2019	O
)	O
Requires	O
xmlreader	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
3.2.9	O
EOL	O
(	O
Maintained	O
from	O
December	O
2016	O
to	O
May	O
2018	O
)	O
PHP	B-Application
5.6.5	O
as	O
the	O
minimum	O
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
Boost	O
theme	O
,	O
new	O
Site	O
Administration	O
navigation	O
,	O
media	O
player	O
improvements	O
,	O
interactive	O
report	O
charts	O
,	O
discussion	O
locking	O
,	O
assignment	O
overrides	O
,	O
workshop	O
portfolio	O
export	O
,	O
select	O
for	O
students	O
in	O
Choice	O
,	O
negative	O
scores	O
for	O
rubrics	O
,	O
user	O
tours	O
,	O
competency	O
frameworks	O
import	O
and	O
export	O
,	O
new	O
media	O
player	O
plugins	B-Application
,	O
LTS	O
2	O
compliance	O
,	O
course	O
end	O
dates	O
,	O
user-friendly	O
messaging	O
and	O
alerts	O
,	O
grading	O
improvements	O
,	O
auto-login	O
,	O
sign-up	O
improvements	O
and	O
SSO	O
,	O
new	O
notification	O
preferences	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Better	O
Office	O
integration	O
,	O
improved	O
dashboard	O
,	O
FontAwesome	O
for	O
Moodle	B-Application
icons	O
and	O
general	O
use	O
,	O
Emoji	O
support	O
,	O
set	O
a	O
'	O
grade	O
by	O
 '	O
reminder	O
,	O
specify	O
assignment	O
file	O
types	O
,	O
collapse	O
comments	O
in	O
assignments	O
,	O
better	O
activity	O
completion	O
management	O
,	O
drag	O
and	O
drop	O
media	O
,	O
'	O
stealth	O
 '	O
activities	O
available	O
but	O
not	O
shown	O
,	O
more	O
tag	O
areas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
3.4.9	O
EOL	O
(	O
Maintained	O
from	O
November	O
2017	O
to	O
May	O
2019	O
)	O
PHP	B-Application
7.0.0	O
as	O
the	O
minimum	O
version	O
,	O
intl	O
required	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
3.5.18	O
(	O
LTS	O
)	O
EOL	O
(	O
Maintained	O
from	O
May	O
2018	O
to	O
May	O
2021	O
)	O
Moodle	B-Application
3.5	O
focuses	O
on	O
GDPR	O
compliance	O
,	O
enhanced	O
usability	O
and	O
accessibility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
3.6.10	O
EOL	O
(	O
Maintained	O
from	O
December	O
2018	O
to	O
May	O
2020	O
)	O
Moodle	B-Application
3.6	O
focuses	O
on	O
Improved	O
course	O
overview	O
,	O
Useful	O
new	O
dashboard	O
blocks	O
,	O
New	O
messaging	O
interface	O
,	O
Nextcloud	O
integration	O
,	O
Clearer	O
privacy	O
links	O
in	O
your	O
profile	O
,	O
Hide	O
yourself	O
in	O
the	O
online	O
users	O
block	O
,	O
Message	O
your	O
groups	O
,	O
More	O
information	O
on	O
your	O
badges	O
,	O
Record	O
assignment	O
feedback	O
,	O
Quiz	O
improvements	O
,	O
Easily	O
find	O
duplicated	O
items	O
,	O
Hide	O
page	O
last	O
modified	O
dates	O
,	O
Privacy	O
enhancements	O
,	O
Message	O
access	O
control	O
,	O
Nextcloud	O
integration	O
,	O
Context	O
freezing	O
,	O
PayPal	O
support	O
Rupees	O
,	O
Control	O
audio/video	O
recording	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
3.7.9	O
EOL	O
(	O
Maintained	O
from	O
May	O
2019	O
to	O
November	O
2020	O
)	O
PHP	B-Application
7.1	O
required	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
3.8.9	O
EOL	O
(	O
Maintained	O
from	O
November	O
2019	O
to	O
10	O
May	O
2021	O
)	O
Navigation	O
and	O
accessibility	O
improvements	O
,	O
forum	O
emojis	O
,	O
anonymous	O
posting	O
3.9.12	O
(	O
LTS	O
)	O
Active	O
LTS	O
(	O
Maintained	O
from	O
June	O
2020	O
to	O
10	O
May	O
2021	O
,	O
sustained	O
status	O
to	O
13	O
November	O
2023	O
)	O
PHP	B-Application
7.2	O
,	O
7.3	O
or	O
7.4	O
required	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Integration	O
of	O
Safe	O
Exam	O
Browser	O
,	O
Accessibility	O
improvements	O
,	O
Usability	O
improvements	O
,	O
Activity	O
chooser	O
overhaul	O
,	O
Content	O
bank	O
,	O
Full	O
H5P	O
integration	O
,	O
MoodleNet	O
integration	O
,	O
Improved	O
participants	O
page	O
filtering	O
,	O
Course	O
copy	O
,	O
Support	O
for	O
Open	O
Badges	O
2.1	O
,	O
third	O
party	O
integrations	O
3.10.9	O
Active	O
(	O
Maintained	O
from	O
November	O
2020	O
to	O
8	O
November	O
2021	O
,	O
sustained	O
status	O
to	O
9	O
May	O
2022	O
)	O
PHP	B-Application
7.2	O
,	O
7.3	O
or	O
7.4	O
required	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
3.11.5	O
Active	O
(	O
Maintained	O
from	O
May	O
2021	O
to	O
14	O
November	O
2022	O
,	O
sustained	O
status	O
to	O
13	O
November	O
2023	O
)	O
PHP	B-Application
7.3	O
or	O
7.4	O
required	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
4.0.4	O
Active	O
(	O
Maintained	O
from	O
19	O
April	O
2022	O
to	O
8	O
May	O
2023	O
,	O
sustained	O
status	O
to	O
13	O
November	O
2023	O
)	O
PHP	B-Application
7.3	O
or	O
7.4	O
required	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BigBlueButton	B-Protocol
has	O
been	O
incorporated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MoodleMoot	B-Application
is	O
a	O
conference	O
for	O
Moodle	B-Application
community	O
members	O
to	O
learn	O
about	O
Moodle	B-Application
,	O
share	O
experiences	O
of	O
the	O
learning	B-Protocol
platform	I-Protocol
,	O
discuss	O
research	O
in	O
related	O
educational	O
technologies	O
and	O
contribute	O
ideas	O
to	O
future	O
Moodle	B-Application
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Held	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
MoodleMoots	B-Application
are	O
organised	O
by	O
universities	O
or	O
other	O
large	O
organizations	O
using	O
Moodle	B-Application
,	O
Moodle	B-Application
Partners	I-Application
,	O
Moodle	B-Application
associations	O
or	O
Moodle	B-Application
HQ	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moodle	B-Application
has	O
over	O
50%	O
of	O
market	O
share	O
in	O
Europe	O
,	O
Latin	O
America	O
,	O
and	O
Oceania	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
U.S.	O
higher	O
education	O
market	O
as	O
of	O
fall	O
2018	O
,	O
the	O
top	O
three	O
learning	B-Application
management	I-Application
systems	I-Application
(	O
LMS	O
)	O
by	O
number	O
of	O
institutions	O
were	O
Blackboard	B-Protocol
(	O
31%	O
)	O
,	O
Canvas	O
(	O
30%	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Moodle	B-Application
(	O
18%	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
---	O
In	O
2013	O
,	O
Moodle	B-Application
was	O
for	O
a	O
time	O
the	O
second	O
largest	O
provider	O
with	O
23%	O
market	O
share	O
,	O
following	O
Blackboard	B-Protocol
(	O
41%	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
by	O
2017	O
,	O
Moodle	B-Application
had	O
dropped	O
to	O
the	O
third	O
largest	O
provider	O
,	O
due	O
in	O
part	O
to	O
increased	O
adoption	O
of	O
Instructure	O
's	O
semi-open	O
source	O
Canvas	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2016	O
,	O
Blackboard	B-Protocol
became	O
an	O
official	O
Moodle	B-Application
partner	I-Application
,	O
although	O
this	O
partnership	O
ended	O
in	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
