<s>
The	O
Modulation	B-Device
sphere	I-Device
or	O
M-space	B-Device
formulation	I-Device
is	O
a	O
scheme	O
or	O
theory	O
representing	O
the	O
system	O
of	O
effects	O
of	O
phase	B-Device
modulation	I-Device
and	O
amplitude	B-Device
modulation	I-Device
as	O
applied	O
together	O
on	O
a	O
carrier	O
wave	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
relations	O
between	O
both	O
modulations	B-Application
on	O
the	O
carrier	O
are	O
also	O
accounted	O
for	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
modulation	B-Device
sphere	I-Device
representation	O
relates	O
three	O
variables	O
in	O
three	O
space	O
,	O
M1	O
,	O
M2	O
and	O
M3	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
M1	O
axis	O
defines	O
which	O
modulation	B-Application
type	O
(	O
AM	O
or	O
PM	O
)	O
dominates	O
over	O
the	O
other	O
at	O
a	O
set	O
time	O
instance	O
on	O
the	O
carrier	O
and	O
at	O
which	O
degree	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
M2	O
axis	O
defines	O
if	O
the	O
interaction	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
modulations	B-Application
is	O
correlative	O
,	O
or	O
anti-correlative	O
(	O
see	O
Correlation	O
)	O
in	O
phase	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
which	O
degree	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
instance	O
.	O
</s>
