<s>
Model-driven	B-Language
engineering	I-Language
(	O
MDE	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
software	O
development	O
methodology	O
that	O
focuses	O
on	O
creating	O
and	O
exploiting	O
domain	B-Application
models	I-Application
,	O
which	O
are	O
conceptual	O
models	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
topics	O
related	O
to	O
a	O
specific	O
problem	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hence	O
,	O
it	O
highlights	O
and	O
aims	O
at	O
abstract	B-Algorithm
representations	I-Algorithm
of	O
the	O
knowledge	O
and	O
activities	O
that	O
govern	O
a	O
particular	O
application	B-General_Concept
domain	I-General_Concept
,	O
rather	O
than	O
the	O
computing	O
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MDE	O
approach	O
is	O
meant	O
to	O
increase	O
productivity	O
by	O
maximizing	O
compatibility	O
between	O
systems	O
(	O
via	O
reuse	O
of	O
standardized	O
models	O
)	O
,	O
simplifying	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
design	O
(	O
via	O
models	O
of	O
recurring	O
design	O
patterns	O
in	O
the	O
application	B-General_Concept
domain	I-General_Concept
)	O
,	O
and	O
promoting	O
communication	O
between	O
individuals	O
and	O
teams	O
working	O
on	O
the	O
system	O
(	O
via	O
a	O
standardization	O
of	O
the	O
terminology	O
and	O
the	O
best	O
practices	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
application	B-General_Concept
domain	I-General_Concept
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
instance	O
,	O
in	O
model-driven	B-Language
development	I-Language
,	O
technical	O
artifacts	O
such	O
as	O
source	O
code	O
,	O
documentation	O
,	O
tests	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
are	O
generated	O
algorithmically	O
from	O
a	O
domain	B-Application
model	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
models	O
are	O
developed	O
through	O
extensive	O
communication	O
among	O
product	O
managers	O
,	O
designers	O
,	O
developers	O
and	O
users	O
of	O
the	O
application	B-General_Concept
domain	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Object	B-Architecture
Management	I-Architecture
Group	I-Architecture
(	O
OMG	B-Architecture
)	O
initiative	O
Model-Driven	B-Architecture
Architecture	I-Architecture
(	O
MDA	O
)	O
which	O
is	O
leveraged	O
by	O
several	O
of	O
their	O
standards	O
such	O
as	O
Meta-Object	B-Application
Facility	I-Application
,	O
XMI	B-Language
,	O
CWM	O
,	O
CORBA	B-Architecture
,	O
Unified	B-Language
Modeling	I-Language
Language	I-Language
(	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
precise	O
,	O
the	O
OMG	B-Architecture
currently	O
promotes	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
UML	B-Language
called	O
fUML	O
together	O
with	O
its	O
action	O
language	O
,	O
ALF	O
,	O
for	O
model-driven	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
;	O
a	O
former	O
approach	O
relied	O
on	O
Executable	O
UML	B-Language
and	O
OCL	B-Language
,	O
instead	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
QVT	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Eclipse	B-Application
"	O
eco-system	O
"	O
of	O
programming	O
and	O
modelling	O
tools	O
represented	O
in	O
general	O
terms	O
by	O
the	O
(	O
Eclipse	B-Language
Modeling	I-Language
Framework	I-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
framework	O
allows	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
tools	O
implementing	O
the	O
MDA	O
standards	O
of	O
the	O
OMG	B-Architecture
;	O
but	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
possible	O
to	O
use	O
it	O
to	O
implement	O
other	O
modeling-related	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
tools	O
to	O
support	O
MDE	O
were	O
the	O
Computer-Aided	B-Application
Software	I-Application
Engineering	I-Application
(	O
CASE	B-Application
)	O
tools	O
developed	O
in	O
the	O
1980s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
several	O
variations	O
of	O
the	O
modeling	O
definitions	O
(	O
see	O
Booch	O
,	O
Rumbaugh	B-Application
,	O
Jacobson	B-Language
,	O
Gane	O
and	O
Sarson	O
,	O
Harel	O
,	O
Shlaer	O
and	O
Mellor	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
)	O
they	O
were	O
eventually	O
joined	O
creating	O
the	O
Unified	B-Language
Modeling	I-Language
Language	I-Language
(	O
UML	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rational	B-Application
Rose	I-Application
,	O
a	O
product	O
for	O
UML	B-Language
implementation	O
,	O
was	O
done	O
by	O
Rational	O
Corporation	O
(	O
Booch	O
)	O
responding	O
automation	O
yield	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
abstraction	O
in	O
software	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Object	B-Architecture
Management	I-Architecture
Group	I-Architecture
(	O
OMG	B-Architecture
)	O
has	O
developed	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
standards	O
called	O
model-driven	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
(	O
MDA	O
)	O
,	O
building	O
a	O
foundation	O
for	O
this	O
advanced	O
architecture-focused	O
approach	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Douglas	O
C	O
.	O
Schmidt	O
,	O
model-driven	B-Language
engineering	I-Language
technologies	O
offer	O
a	O
promising	O
approach	O
to	O
address	O
the	O
inability	O
of	O
third-generation	O
languages	O
to	O
alleviate	O
the	O
complexity	O
of	O
platforms	O
and	O
express	O
domain	O
concepts	O
effectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notable	O
software	O
tools	O
for	O
model-driven	B-Language
engineering	I-Language
include	O
:	O
</s>
