<s>
A	O
mobile	B-Application
virtual	I-Application
private	I-Application
network	I-Application
(	O
mobile	O
VPN	B-Application
or	O
mVPN	B-Application
)	O
is	O
a	O
VPN	B-Application
which	O
is	O
capable	O
of	O
persisting	O
during	O
sessions	O
across	O
changes	O
in	O
physical	O
connectivity	O
,	O
point	O
of	O
network	O
attachment	O
,	O
and	O
IP	B-Protocol
address	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
"	O
mobile	O
"	O
in	O
the	O
name	O
refers	O
to	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
VPN	B-Application
can	O
change	O
points	O
of	O
network	O
attachment	O
,	O
not	O
necessarily	O
that	O
the	O
mVPN	B-Application
client	O
is	O
a	O
mobile	O
phone	O
or	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
running	O
on	O
a	O
wireless	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mobile	O
VPNs	B-Application
are	O
used	O
in	O
environments	O
where	O
workers	O
need	O
to	O
keep	O
application	O
sessions	O
open	O
at	O
all	O
times	O
,	O
throughout	O
the	O
working	O
day	O
,	O
as	O
they	O
connect	O
via	O
various	O
wireless	O
networks	O
,	O
encounter	O
gaps	O
in	O
coverage	O
,	O
or	O
suspend-and-resume	O
their	O
devices	O
to	O
preserve	O
battery	O
life	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
conventional	O
VPN	B-Application
cannot	O
survive	O
such	O
events	O
because	O
the	O
network	B-Protocol
tunnel	I-Protocol
is	O
disrupted	O
,	O
causing	O
applications	O
to	O
disconnect	O
,	O
time	O
out	O
,	O
fail	O
,	O
or	O
even	O
the	O
computing	O
device	O
itself	O
to	O
crash	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mobile	O
VPNs	B-Application
are	O
commonly	O
used	O
in	O
public	O
safety	O
,	O
home	O
care	O
,	O
hospital	O
settings	O
,	O
field	B-Application
service	I-Application
management	I-Application
,	O
utilities	O
and	O
other	O
industries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
VPN	B-Application
maintains	O
an	O
authenticated	O
,	O
encrypted	O
tunnel	O
for	O
securely	O
passing	O
data	O
traffic	O
over	O
public	O
networks	O
(	O
typically	O
,	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
VPN	B-Application
types	O
are	O
IPsec	B-Protocol
VPNs	B-Application
,	O
which	O
are	O
useful	O
for	O
point-to-point	O
connections	O
when	O
the	O
network	O
endpoints	O
are	O
known	O
and	O
remain	O
fixed	O
;	O
or	O
SSL	B-Protocol
VPNs	B-Application
,	O
which	O
provide	O
for	O
access	O
through	O
a	O
Web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
and	O
are	O
commonly	O
used	O
by	O
remote	O
workers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Makers	O
of	O
mobile	O
VPNs	B-Application
draw	O
a	O
distinction	O
between	O
remote	O
access	O
and	O
mobile	O
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
mobile	O
environment	O
,	O
the	O
endpoint	O
changes	O
constantly	O
(	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
as	O
users	O
roam	O
between	O
different	O
cellular	O
networks	O
or	O
Wi-Fi	B-Device
access	I-Device
points	I-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
mobile	O
VPN	B-Application
maintains	O
a	O
virtual	O
connection	O
to	O
the	O
application	O
at	O
all	O
times	O
as	O
the	O
endpoint	O
changes	O
,	O
handling	O
the	O
necessary	O
network	O
logins	O
in	O
a	O
manner	O
transparent	O
to	O
the	O
user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
are	O
functions	O
common	O
to	O
mobile	O
VPNs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Function	O
Description	O
Persistence	O
Open	O
applications	O
remain	O
active	O
,	O
open	O
and	O
available	O
when	O
the	O
wireless	O
connection	O
changes	O
or	O
is	O
interrupted	O
,	O
a	O
laptop	B-Device
goes	O
into	O
hibernation	O
,	O
or	O
a	O
handheld	B-Application
user	O
suspends	O
and	O
resumes	O
the	O
device	O
Roaming	O
Underlying	O
virtual	O
connection	O
remains	O
intact	O
when	O
the	O
device	O
switches	O
to	O
a	O
different	O
network	O
;	O
the	O
mobile	O
VPN	B-Application
handles	O
the	O
logins	O
automatically	O
Application	O
compatibility	O
Software	B-Application
applications	I-Application
that	O
run	O
in	O
an	O
"	O
always-connected	O
"	O
wired	O
LAN	B-General_Concept
environment	O
run	O
over	O
the	O
mobile	O
VPN	B-Application
without	O
modification	O
Security	O
Enforces	O
authentication	O
of	O
the	O
user	O
,	O
the	O
device	O
,	O
or	O
both	O
;	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
encryption	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
traffic	O
in	O
compliance	O
with	O
security	O
standards	O
such	O
as	O
FIPS	O
140-2	O
Acceleration	O
Link	O
optimization	O
and	O
data	B-General_Concept
compression	I-General_Concept
improve	O
performance	O
over	O
wireless	O
networks	O
,	O
especially	O
on	O
cellular	O
networks	O
where	O
bandwidth	O
may	O
be	O
constrained	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
mobile	O
VPNs	B-Application
offer	O
additional	O
"	O
mobile-aware	O
"	O
management	O
and	O
security	O
functions	O
,	O
giving	O
information	B-General_Concept
technology	I-General_Concept
departments	O
visibility	O
and	O
control	O
over	O
devices	O
that	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
on	O
the	O
corporate	O
premises	O
or	O
that	O
connect	O
through	O
networks	O
outside	O
IT	O
's	O
direct	O
control	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Function	O
Description	O
Management	O
console	O
Displays	O
status	O
of	O
devices	O
and	O
users	O
,	O
and	O
offers	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
quarantine	O
a	O
device	O
if	O
there	O
is	O
possibility	O
that	O
it	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
lost	O
or	O
stolen	O
Policy	O
Management	O
Enforces	O
access	O
policies	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
network	O
in	O
use	O
,	O
bandwidth	O
of	O
the	O
connection	O
,	O
on	O
layer-3	O
and	O
layer-4	O
attributes	O
(	O
IP	B-Protocol
address	I-Protocol
,	O
TCP	B-Protocol
and	I-Protocol
UDP	I-Protocol
port	I-Protocol
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mobile	O
VPNs	B-Application
have	O
found	O
uses	O
in	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
industries	O
,	O
where	O
they	O
give	O
mobile	O
workers	O
access	O
to	O
software	B-Application
applications	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
telecommunication	O
,	O
a	O
mobile	O
VPN	B-Application
is	O
a	O
solution	O
that	O
provides	O
data	O
user	O
mobility	O
and	O
ensures	O
secure	O
network	O
access	O
with	O
predictable	O
performance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2001	O
,	O
Huawei	O
launched	O
a	O
product	O
named	O
"	O
MVPN	B-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
case	O
"	O
MVPN	B-Application
"	O
had	O
a	O
different	O
meaning	O
from	O
the	O
way	O
that	O
later	O
industry	O
sources	O
would	O
use	O
the	O
term	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Huawei	O
product	O
was	O
focused	O
on	O
delivering	O
a	O
seamless	O
corporate	O
phone	O
system	O
to	O
users	O
whether	O
they	O
were	O
on	O
desktop	O
phones	O
or	O
mobile	B-Application
devices	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
web	O
page	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
available	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
advertised	O
that	O
their	O
MVPN	B-Application
had	O
the	O
following	O
advantages	O
over	O
a	O
standard	O
phone	O
system	O
:	O
</s>
