<s>
Mobile	B-Application
television	I-Application
is	O
television	O
watched	O
on	O
a	O
small	O
handheld	B-Application
or	O
mobile	B-Application
device	I-Application
,	O
typically	O
developed	O
for	O
that	O
purpose	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Regular	O
broadcast	O
standards	O
or	O
special	O
mobile	B-Application
TV	I-Application
transmission	O
formats	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additional	O
features	O
include	O
downloading	B-Application
TV	O
programs	O
and	O
podcasts	B-Operating_System
from	O
the	O
Internet	O
and	O
storing	O
programming	O
for	O
later	O
viewing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
the	O
Harvard	O
Business	O
Review	O
,	O
the	O
growing	O
adoption	O
of	O
smartphones	B-Application
allowed	O
users	O
to	O
watch	O
as	O
much	O
mobile	O
video	O
in	O
three	O
days	O
of	O
the	O
2010	O
Winter	O
Olympics	O
as	O
they	O
watched	O
throughout	O
the	O
entire	O
2008	O
Summer	O
Olympics	O
,	O
a	O
five-fold	O
increase	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
except	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
,	O
consumer	O
acceptance	O
of	O
broadcast	O
mobile	B-Application
TV	I-Application
has	O
been	O
limited	O
due	O
to	O
lack	O
of	O
compatible	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
mobile	B-Application
TV	I-Application
receivers	O
were	O
based	O
on	O
old	O
analog	O
television	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
had	O
a	O
two-inch	O
(	O
50mm	O
)	O
CRT	B-Device
screen	I-Device
and	O
was	O
also	O
the	O
first	O
television	O
which	O
could	O
pick	O
up	O
signals	O
in	O
multiple	O
countries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2002	O
,	O
South	O
Korea	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
country	O
to	O
introduce	O
commercial	O
mobile	B-Application
TV	I-Application
via	O
2G	O
CDMA	B-Protocol
IS95-C	O
,	O
and	O
3G	B-Architecture
(	O
CDMA2000	O
1X	O
EVDO	O
)	O
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2005	O
,	O
South	O
Korea	O
became	O
the	O
first	O
country	O
to	O
broadcast	O
satellite	O
mobile	B-Application
TV	I-Application
via	O
DMB	O
(	O
S-DMB	O
)	O
on	O
May	O
1	O
,	O
and	O
terrestrial	O
DMB	O
(	O
T-DMB	O
)	O
on	O
December	O
1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mobile	B-Application
TV	I-Application
services	O
were	O
launched	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
during	O
March	O
2006	O
by	O
the	O
operator	O
CSL	O
on	O
the	O
3G	B-Architecture
network	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
BT	O
launched	O
mobile	B-Application
TV	I-Application
in	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	O
in	O
September	O
2006	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
service	O
was	O
abandoned	O
less	O
than	O
a	O
year	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
in	O
June	O
2006	O
,	O
mobile	O
operator	O
3	O
in	O
Italy	O
(	O
part	O
of	O
Hutchison	O
Whampoa	O
)	O
launched	O
their	O
mobile	B-Application
TV	I-Application
service	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
Germany	O
's	O
MFD	O
it	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
European	O
DVB-H	B-Protocol
standard	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
US	O
Verizon	B-Application
Wireless	I-Application
and	O
AT&T	O
offered	O
MediaFLO	B-Device
,	O
a	O
subscription	O
service	O
from	O
March	O
2007	O
until	O
March	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
2010s	O
,	O
specialised	O
mobile	B-Application
TV	I-Application
platforms	O
and	O
protocols	O
have	O
been	O
discontinued	O
with	O
the	O
rapid	O
deployment	O
of	O
LTE	O
cellular	O
network	O
and	O
rising	O
popularity	O
of	O
streaming	O
television	O
over	O
the	O
internet	O
from	O
modern	O
smartphones	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
there	O
were	O
120	O
stations	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
broadcasting	O
using	O
the	O
ATSC-M/H	B-Device
"	O
Mobile	B-Application
DTV	I-Application
"	O
standard	O
a	O
mobile	O
and	O
handheld	B-Application
enhancement	O
to	O
the	O
HDTV	B-Device
standard	O
that	O
improves	O
handling	O
of	O
multipath	O
interference	O
while	O
mobile	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
MediaFLO	B-Device
used	O
the	O
TV	O
spectrum	O
and	O
MobiTV	O
used	O
cell	O
phone	O
networks	O
,	O
"	O
mobile	B-Application
DTV	I-Application
"	O
(	O
ATSC-M/H	B-Device
)	O
used	O
the	O
digital	B-Application
TV	I-Application
spectrum	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ION	O
Media	O
Networks	O
started	O
a	O
test	O
station	O
on	O
channel	O
38	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
digital	O
LPTV	O
,	O
which	O
used	O
a	O
single-frequency	B-Device
network	I-Device
(	O
SFN	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mobile	B-Application
DTV	I-Application
could	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
because	O
it	O
would	O
not	O
affect	O
HDTV	B-Device
reception	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2009	O
,	O
the	O
Open	B-Device
Mobile	I-Device
Video	I-Device
Coalition	I-Device
,	O
made	O
up	O
of	O
over	O
800	O
broadcast	O
stations	O
,	O
selected	O
four	O
test	O
stations	O
:	O
Gannett	O
's	O
WATL	O
,	O
ION	O
's	O
WPXA-TV	O
in	O
Atlanta	O
,	O
Fisher	O
Communications	O
 '	O
KOMO-TV	O
,	O
and	O
Belo	O
Corporation	O
's	O
KONG-TV	O
in	O
Seattle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WPXA	O
had	O
begun	O
mobile	B-Application
DTV	I-Application
broadcasting	O
on	O
April	O
1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ION	O
chairman	O
and	O
CEO	O
Brandon	O
Burgess	O
said	O
mobile	B-Application
DTV	I-Application
lets	O
stations	O
"	O
think	O
beyond	O
the	O
living	O
room	O
and	O
bring	O
live	O
television	O
and	O
real	O
time	O
information	O
to	O
consumers	O
wherever	O
they	O
may	O
be.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Advanced	O
Television	O
Systems	O
Committee	O
started	O
work	O
on	O
mobile	B-Application
DTV	I-Application
standards	O
in	O
May	O
2007	O
,	O
and	O
manufacturers	O
and	O
sellers	O
worked	O
quickly	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
new	O
technology	O
a	O
reality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Paul	O
Karpowicz	O
,	O
NAB	O
Television	O
Board	O
chairman	O
and	O
president	O
of	O
Meredith	O
Broadcast	O
Group	O
,	O
said	O
"	O
This	O
milestone	O
ushers	O
in	O
the	O
new	O
era	O
of	O
digital	B-Application
television	I-Application
broadcasting	O
,	O
giving	O
local	O
TV	O
stations	O
and	O
networks	O
new	O
opportunities	O
to	O
reach	O
viewers	O
on	O
the	O
go	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Devices	O
would	O
eventually	O
include	O
USB	B-Device
dongles	I-Device
,	O
netbooks	B-Device
,	O
portable	O
DVD	O
players	O
and	O
in-car	O
displays	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
White	O
House	O
officials	O
and	O
members	O
of	O
Congress	O
saw	O
the	O
triple-play	O
concept	O
in	O
an	O
ION	O
demonstration	O
on	O
July	O
28	O
,	O
2009	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
the	O
OMVC	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
7	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
service	O
began	O
on	O
six	O
TV	O
stations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
October	O
,	O
30	O
stations	O
were	O
airing	O
mobile	B-Application
DTV	I-Application
signals	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
number	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
grow	O
to	O
50	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
in	O
August	O
,	O
WTVE	O
and	O
Axcera	O
began	O
testing	O
a	O
single-frequency	B-Device
network	I-Device
(	O
SFN	O
)	O
with	O
multiple	O
transmitters	O
using	O
the	O
new	O
mobile	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2009	O
,	O
Concept	O
Enterprises	O
introduced	O
the	O
first	O
mobile	B-Application
DTV	I-Application
tuner	O
for	O
automobiles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
December	O
1	O
,	O
News	O
Corp	O
.	O
chairman	O
Rupert	O
Murdoch	O
said	O
mobile	B-Application
DTV	I-Application
would	O
be	O
important	O
to	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
all	O
journalism	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
planned	O
to	O
offer	O
TV	O
and	O
possibly	O
newspaper	O
content	O
in	O
this	O
way	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wireless	B-General_Concept
broadband	I-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
some	O
wanted	O
to	O
replace	O
broadcasting	O
,	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
handle	O
the	O
demand	O
for	O
video	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ION	O
's	O
Burgess	O
showed	O
off	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
iPhones	B-Device
capable	O
of	O
receiving	O
mobile	B-Application
DTV	I-Application
,	O
while	O
ION	O
's	O
Jenkins	O
showed	O
an	O
LG	O
Maze	O
,	O
a	O
Valups	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
Tivit	O
;	O
the	O
latter	O
sends	O
signals	O
to	O
the	O
iPod	B-Device
Touch	I-Device
and	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
soon	O
work	O
with	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Nexus	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sinclair	O
Broadcast	O
Group	O
director	O
of	O
advanced	O
technology	O
Mark	O
Aitken	O
said	O
the	O
mobile	B-Application
DTV	I-Application
concept	O
of	O
multiple	O
transmitters	O
would	O
help	O
free	O
up	O
spectrum	O
for	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
broadband	I-General_Concept
in	O
rural	O
areas	O
but	O
not	O
large	O
cities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
also	O
explained	O
to	O
the	O
FCC	O
that	O
mobile	B-Application
DTV	I-Application
was	O
the	O
best	O
method	O
for	O
sending	O
out	O
live	O
video	O
to	O
those	O
using	O
cell	O
phones	O
and	O
similar	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OMVC	B-Device
's	O
Mobile	B-Application
DTV	I-Application
Consumer	O
Showcase	O
began	O
May	O
3	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
and	O
lasted	O
all	O
summer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nine	O
stations	O
planned	O
to	O
distribute	O
20	O
programs	O
,	O
including	O
local	O
and	O
network	O
shows	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
cable	O
programs	O
,	O
to	O
Samsung	B-Application
Moment	O
phones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dell	O
Netbooks	B-Device
and	O
Valups	O
Tivits	O
also	O
received	O
programming	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
November	O
19	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
a	O
joint	O
venture	O
of	O
12	O
major	O
broadcasters	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
Mobile	O
Content	O
Venture	O
(	O
MCV	O
)	O
announced	O
plans	O
to	O
upgrade	O
TV	O
stations	O
in	O
20	O
markets	O
representing	O
40	O
percent	O
of	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
population	O
to	O
deliver	O
live	O
video	O
to	O
portable	B-Application
devices	I-Application
by	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Brian	O
Lawlor	O
,	O
a	O
Scripps	O
TV	O
senior	O
vice	O
president	O
said	O
that	O
in	O
September	O
2011	O
,	O
Scripps	O
stations	O
would	O
offer	O
a	O
mobile	B-Application
app	I-Application
allowing	O
people	O
with	O
an	O
iPhone	B-Device
or	O
iPad	B-Device
to	O
see	O
emergency	O
information	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2012	O
,	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
stations	O
plan	O
to	O
conduct	O
tests	O
of	O
the	O
Mobile	O
Emergency	O
Alert	O
System	O
(	O
M-EAS	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
system	O
to	O
deliver	O
emergency	O
information	O
via	O
mobile	B-Application
DTV	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2012	O
,	O
the	O
MCV	O
announced	O
that	O
MetroPCS	O
would	O
offer	O
MCV	O
's	O
Dyle	O
mobile	B-Application
DTV	I-Application
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samsung	B-Application
planned	O
an	O
Android	B-Application
phone	I-Application
capable	O
of	O
receiving	O
this	O
service	O
late	O
in	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
the	O
home	O
page	O
on	O
its	O
website	O
,	O
"	O
As	O
of	O
May	O
22	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
Dyle	O
mobile	B-Application
TV	I-Application
is	O
no	O
longer	O
in	O
service	O
,	O
and	O
Dyle-enabled	O
devices	O
and	O
their	O
apps	O
will	O
no	O
longer	O
be	O
supported.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
NAB	O
show	O
in	O
April	O
2012	O
,	O
MCV	O
announced	O
that	O
17	O
additional	O
television	O
stations	O
would	O
launch	O
mobile	B-Application
DTV	I-Application
,	O
bringing	O
the	O
total	O
to	O
92	O
,	O
covering	O
more	O
than	O
55%	O
of	O
US	O
homes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2012	O
,	O
WRAL-TV	O
announced	O
rollout	O
of	O
a	O
Mobile	O
Emergency	O
Alert	O
System	O
based	O
around	O
mobile	O
digital	B-Application
television	I-Application
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
early	O
2013	O
,	O
130	O
stations	O
were	O
providing	O
content	O
,	O
but	O
adoption	O
of	O
devices	O
such	O
as	O
dongles	B-Device
was	O
not	O
widespread	O
.	O
</s>
