<s>
Mobile	B-Application
malware	I-Application
is	O
malicious	O
software	O
that	O
targets	O
mobile	O
phones	O
or	O
wireless-enabled	O
Personal	B-Application
digital	I-Application
assistants	I-Application
(	O
PDA	B-Application
)	O
,	O
by	O
causing	O
the	O
collapse	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
and	O
loss	O
or	O
leakage	O
of	O
confidential	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
wireless	O
phones	O
and	O
PDA	B-Application
networks	O
have	O
become	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
common	O
and	O
have	O
grown	O
in	O
complexity	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
become	O
increasingly	O
difficult	O
to	O
ensure	O
their	O
safety	O
and	O
security	O
against	O
electronic	O
attacks	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
viruses	O
or	O
other	O
malware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2004	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
discovered	O
that	O
a	O
company	O
called	O
Ojam	O
had	O
engineered	O
an	O
anti-piracy	O
Trojan	O
hack	O
in	O
older	O
versions	O
of	O
its	O
mobile	O
phone	B-Application
game	O
,	O
Mosquito	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2004	O
,	O
computer	O
hobbyists	O
released	O
a	O
proof-of-concept	O
virus	O
Cabir	B-Language
,	O
that	O
infects	O
mobile	O
phones	O
running	O
the	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
,	O
spreading	O
via	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
wireless	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2005	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
reported	O
that	O
a	O
computer	O
worm	O
called	O
Commwarrior-A	B-Application
had	O
been	O
infecting	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
series	O
60	O
mobile	O
phones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
specific	O
worm	O
replicated	O
itself	O
through	O
the	O
phone	B-Application
's	O
Multimedia	O
Messaging	O
Service	O
(	O
MMS	O
)	O
,	O
sending	O
copies	O
to	O
contacts	O
listed	O
in	O
the	O
phone	B-Application
user	O
's	O
address	O
book	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
SMS	O
malware	O
that	O
affected	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Android	I-Application
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
which	O
sent	O
SMS	O
messages	O
to	O
premium	O
rate	O
numbers	O
without	O
the	O
owner	O
's	O
knowledge	O
,	O
accumulating	O
huge	O
bills	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Meanwhile	O
,	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
developers	O
try	O
to	O
curb	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
infections	O
with	O
quality	O
control	O
checks	O
on	O
software	O
and	O
content	O
offered	O
through	O
their	O
digital	O
application	B-Application
distribution	O
platforms	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Google	B-Application
Play	I-Application
or	O
Apple	B-Application
's	I-Application
App	I-Application
Store	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Recent	O
studies	O
however	O
show	O
that	O
mobile	O
antivirus	O
programs	O
are	O
ineffective	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
rapid	O
evolution	O
of	O
mobile	B-Application
malware	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
types	O
of	O
common	O
malicious	O
programs	O
are	O
known	O
to	O
affect	O
mobile	B-Application
devices	I-Application
:	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
kind	O
of	O
virus	O
is	O
usually	O
inserted	O
into	O
seemingly	O
attractive	O
and	O
non-malicious	O
executable	B-Application
files	I-Application
or	O
applications	B-Application
that	O
are	O
downloaded	O
to	O
the	O
device	B-Application
and	O
executed	O
by	O
the	O
user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
activated	O
,	O
the	O
malware	O
can	O
cause	O
serious	O
damage	O
by	O
infecting	O
and	O
deactivating	O
other	O
applications	B-Application
or	O
the	O
phone	B-Application
itself	O
,	O
rendering	O
it	O
paralyzed	O
after	O
a	O
certain	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
or	O
a	O
certain	O
number	O
of	O
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Spyware	O
:	O
This	O
malware	O
poses	O
a	O
threat	O
to	O
mobile	B-Application
devices	I-Application
by	O
collecting	O
,	O
using	O
,	O
and	O
spreading	O
a	O
user	O
's	O
personal	O
or	O
sensitive	O
information	O
without	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
consent	O
or	O
knowledge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dropper	O
:	O
A	O
malware	O
designed	O
to	O
install	O
other	O
programs	O
on	O
a	O
device	B-Application
,	O
unbeknownst	O
to	O
the	O
user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
could	O
include	O
other	O
malicious	O
programs	O
or	O
benign	O
applications	B-Application
that	O
the	O
attacker	O
is	O
interested	O
in	O
spreading	O
(	O
often	O
for	O
financial	O
gain	O
in	O
a	O
 [ malvertising ] 	O
campaign	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Joker	O
Malware	O
:	O
This	O
malware	O
infects	O
mobile	O
phones	O
running	O
on	O
Android	B-Application
OS	I-Application
and	O
was	O
first	O
identified	O
in	O
June	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
a	O
phone	B-Application
is	O
infected	O
,	O
usually	O
information	O
is	O
stolen	O
by	O
malware	O
makers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cabir	B-Language
:	I-Language
This	O
malware	O
infects	O
mobile	O
phones	O
running	O
on	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
and	O
was	O
first	O
identified	O
in	O
June	O
2004	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
a	O
phone	B-Application
is	O
infected	O
,	O
the	O
message	O
'	O
Caribe	B-Language
 '	O
is	O
displayed	O
on	O
the	O
phone	B-Application
's	O
screen	O
and	O
is	O
displayed	O
every	O
time	O
the	O
phone	B-Application
is	O
turned	O
on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
worm	O
then	O
attempts	O
to	O
spread	O
to	O
other	O
phones	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
using	O
wireless	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
signals	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
recipient	O
has	O
to	O
confirm	O
this	O
manually	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Skulls	B-Application
:	O
A	O
trojan	O
horse	O
piece	O
of	O
0	O
9amcode	O
that	O
targets	O
mainly	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
downloaded	O
,	O
the	O
virus	O
replaces	O
all	O
phone	B-Application
desktop	O
icons	O
with	O
images	O
of	O
a	O
skull	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
renders	O
all	O
phone	B-Application
applications	B-Application
useless	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
malware	O
also	O
tends	O
to	O
mass	O
text	O
messages	O
containing	O
malicious	O
links	O
to	O
all	O
contacts	O
accessible	O
through	O
the	O
device	B-Application
in	O
order	O
to	O
spread	O
the	O
damage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Commwarrior	B-Application
:	I-Application
This	O
malware	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
2005	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
worm	O
to	O
use	O
MMS	O
messages	O
and	O
can	O
spread	O
through	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
infects	O
devices	O
running	O
under	O
OS	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
Series	O
60	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
executable	B-Application
worm	O
file	O
,	O
once	O
launched	O
,	O
hunts	O
for	O
accessible	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
devices	O
and	O
sends	O
the	O
infected	O
files	O
under	O
a	O
random	O
name	O
to	O
various	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
designed	O
for	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
,	O
it	O
was	O
classified	O
as	O
malware	O
by	O
an	O
anti-virus	O
vendor	O
in	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
now	O
available	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
iOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
track	O
locations	O
,	O
read	O
WhatsApp	O
and	O
SMS	O
messages	O
,	O
listen	O
in	O
to	O
ambient	O
conversations	O
,	O
intercept	O
phone	B-Application
calls	O
and	O
other	O
abilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HatiHati	O
:	O
A	O
worm-like	O
software	O
for	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
devices	O
,	O
first	O
identified	O
in	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HatiHati	O
was	O
a	O
pirated	O
copy	O
of	O
the	O
beta	O
version	O
of	O
an	O
anti-theft	O
software	O
for	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
called	O
Guardian	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
had	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
flaws	O
that	O
meant	O
it	O
acted	O
like	O
a	O
worm	O
by	O
copying	O
itself	O
to	O
any	O
memory	O
card	O
inserted	O
into	O
the	O
mobile	O
,	O
and	O
once	O
in	O
a	O
mobile	B-Application
device	I-Application
the	O
application	B-Application
sent	O
many	O
alert	O
SMS	O
to	O
a	O
given	O
set	O
of	O
numbers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
abbreviation	O
of	O
Zeus-In-The-Mobile	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
trojan	O
that	O
is	O
suggested	O
for	O
installation	O
on	O
a	O
mobile	O
phone	B-Application
by	O
a	O
Zeus-infected	O
computer	O
,	O
and	O
redirects	O
incoming	O
SMSs	O
by	O
acting	O
like	O
a	O
man-in-the-mobile	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
mobile	B-Application
malware	I-Application
designed	O
to	O
steal	O
mTAN	O
banking	O
codes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
originally	O
detected	O
on	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
,	O
before	O
being	O
identified	O
on	O
Windows	O
Mobile	O
,	O
BlackBerry	O
and	O
Android	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gingermaster	O
:	O
A	O
trojan	O
developed	O
for	O
an	O
Android	B-Application
platform	I-Application
that	O
propagates	O
by	O
installing	O
applications	B-Application
that	O
incorporate	O
a	O
hidden	O
malware	O
for	O
installation	O
in	O
the	O
background	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
exploits	O
the	O
frailty	O
in	O
the	O
version	O
Gingerbread	O
(	O
2.3	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
to	O
use	O
super-user	O
permissions	O
by	O
privileged	O
escalation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
then	O
creates	O
a	O
service	O
that	O
steals	O
information	O
from	O
infected	O
terminals	O
(	O
user	O
ID	O
,	O
number	O
SIM	O
,	O
phone	B-Application
number	O
,	O
IMEI	O
,	O
IMSI	O
,	O
screen	O
resolution	O
and	O
local	O
time	O
)	O
by	O
sending	O
it	O
to	O
a	O
remote	O
server	O
through	O
petitions	O
HTTP	B-Protocol
.	I-Protocol
</s>
<s>
DroidKungFu	B-Application
:	O
A	O
trojan	O
content	O
in	O
Android	B-Application
applications	I-Application
,	O
which	O
when	O
executed	O
,	O
obtains	O
root	B-Application
privileges	O
and	O
installs	O
the	O
file	O
com.google	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ssearch.apk	O
,	O
which	O
contains	O
a	O
back	O
door	O
that	O
allows	O
files	O
to	O
be	O
removed	O
,	O
open	O
home	O
pages	O
to	O
be	O
supplied	O
,	O
and	O
'	O
open	O
web	O
and	O
download	O
and	O
install	O
 '	O
application	B-Application
packages	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ikee	O
:	O
The	O
first	O
worm	O
known	O
for	O
iOS	B-Application
platforms	O
,	O
identified	O
in	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
only	O
works	O
on	O
terminals	O
that	O
were	O
previously	O
made	O
a	O
process	O
of	O
jailbreak	B-Application
,	O
and	O
spreads	O
by	O
trying	O
to	O
access	O
other	O
devices	O
using	O
the	O
SSH	B-Protocol
protocol	O
,	O
first	O
through	O
the	O
subnet	O
that	O
is	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
device	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Then	O
,	O
it	O
repeats	O
the	O
process	O
generating	O
a	O
random	O
range	O
and	O
finally	O
uses	O
some	O
preset	O
ranges	O
corresponding	O
to	O
the	O
IP	B-Protocol
address	I-Protocol
of	O
certain	O
telephone	O
companies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samsapo	O
:	O
The	O
first	O
worm	O
known	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
platforms	I-Application
,	O
identified	O
in	O
April	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
worm	O
was	O
targeted	O
mostly	O
against	O
Russian	O
Android	B-Application
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
a	O
device	B-Application
was	O
infected	O
the	O
malware	O
could	O
act	O
like	O
spyware	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
do	O
other	O
actions	O
like	O
download	O
additional	O
malicious	O
files	O
,	O
send	O
SMSs	O
to	O
premium	O
rate	O
numbers	O
and	O
block	O
phone	B-Application
calls	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gunpoder	O
:	O
This	O
worm	O
file	O
infector	O
virus	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
known	O
virus	O
that	O
officially	O
infected	O
the	O
Google	B-Application
Play	I-Application
Store	I-Application
in	O
few	O
countries	O
,	O
including	O
Brazil	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Shedun	B-Application
:	O
adware	O
serving	O
malware	O
able	O
to	O
root	B-Application
Android	B-Application
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HummingBad	O
:	O
Infected	O
over	O
10	O
million	O
Android	B-Application
operating	I-Application
systems	I-Application
in	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pegasus	B-Application
:	O
This	O
spyware	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
August	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
exploited	O
three	O
previously	O
undisclosed	O
vulnerabilities	O
in	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
which	O
when	O
combined	O
allowed	O
for	O
a	O
remote	O
jailbreak	B-Application
of	O
an	O
iOS	B-Application
device	B-Application
,	O
something	O
which	O
had	O
not	O
been	O
seen	O
before	O
for	O
iOS	B-Application
devices	O
in	O
the	O
wild	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
installed	O
,	O
the	O
spyware	O
was	O
capable	O
of	O
many	O
features	O
including	O
logging	O
encrypted	O
messages	O
,	O
activating	O
the	O
phone	B-Application
microphone	O
and	O
secretly	O
tracking	O
phone	B-Application
movements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
first	O
identified	O
for	O
iOS	B-Application
platforms	O
,	O
before	O
being	O
later	O
identified	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
devices	O
.	O
</s>
