<s>
Mobile	B-Application
Business	I-Application
Intelligence	I-Application
(	O
Mobile	O
BI	O
or	O
Mobile	O
Intelligence	O
)	O
is	O
defined	O
as	O
“	O
Mobile	O
BI	O
is	O
a	O
system	O
comprising	O
both	O
technical	O
and	O
organizational	O
elements	O
that	O
present	O
historical	O
and/or	O
real-time	O
information	O
to	O
its	O
users	O
for	O
analysis	O
on	O
mobile	O
devices	O
such	O
as	O
smartphones	B-Application
and	O
tablets	O
(	O
not	O
laptops	O
)	O
,	O
to	O
enable	O
effective	O
decision-making	O
and	O
management	O
support	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
overall	O
purpose	O
of	O
increasing	O
firm	O
performance.	O
”	O
(	O
Peters	O
et	O
al.	O
,	O
2016	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Business	B-General_Concept
intelligence	I-General_Concept
(	O
BI	O
)	O
refers	O
to	O
computer-based	O
techniques	O
used	O
in	O
spotting	O
,	O
digging-out	O
,	O
and	O
analyzing	O
business	O
data	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
sales	O
revenue	O
by	O
products	O
and/or	O
departments	O
or	O
associated	O
costs	O
and	O
incomes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
change	O
has	O
been	O
partly	O
encouraged	O
by	O
a	O
change	O
from	O
the	O
‘	O
wired	O
world’	O
to	O
a	O
wireless	O
world	O
with	O
the	O
advantage	O
of	O
smartphones	B-Application
which	O
has	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
era	O
of	O
mobile	O
computing	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
BI	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
predominant	O
method	O
for	O
accessing	O
BI	O
information	O
is	O
using	O
proprietary	O
software	O
or	O
a	O
Web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
on	O
a	O
personal	O
computer	O
to	O
connect	O
to	O
BI	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
,	O
mobile	O
devices	O
such	O
as	O
pagers	O
and	O
mobile	O
phones	O
received	O
pushed	O
data	O
using	O
a	O
short	O
message	O
service	O
(	O
SMS	B-Device
)	O
or	O
text	O
messages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
mobile	B-Application
browser	I-Application
on	O
a	O
smartphone	B-Application
,	O
a	O
handheld	O
computer	O
integrated	O
with	O
a	O
mobile	O
phone	O
,	O
provided	O
a	O
means	O
to	O
read	O
simple	O
tables	O
of	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
small	O
screen	O
space	O
,	O
immature	O
mobile	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
,	O
and	O
slow	O
data	O
transmission	O
could	O
not	O
provide	O
a	O
satisfactory	O
BI	O
experience	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2002	O
,	O
Research	O
in	O
Motion	O
released	O
the	O
first	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
smartphone	B-Application
optimized	O
for	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
email	I-General_Concept
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wireless	B-General_Concept
e-mail	I-General_Concept
proved	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
“	O
killer	O
app	O
”	O
that	O
accelerated	O
the	O
popularity	O
of	O
the	O
smartphone	B-Application
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
mid-2000s	O
,	O
Research	O
in	O
Motion	O
's	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
had	O
solidified	O
its	O
hold	O
on	O
the	O
smartphone	B-Application
market	O
with	O
both	O
corporate	O
and	O
governmental	O
organizations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
smartphones	B-Application
eliminated	O
the	O
obstacles	O
to	O
mobile	B-Application
business	I-Application
intelligence	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
offered	O
a	O
consistent	O
treatment	O
of	O
data	O
across	O
its	O
many	O
models	O
,	O
provided	O
a	O
much	O
larger	O
screen	O
for	O
viewing	O
data	O
,	O
and	O
allowed	O
user	O
interactivity	O
via	O
the	O
thumbwheel	O
and	O
keyboard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BI	O
vendors	O
re-entered	O
the	O
market	O
with	O
offerings	O
spanning	O
different	O
mobile	O
operating	O
systems	O
(	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
,	O
Windows	O
,	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
)	O
and	O
data	O
access	O
methods	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Research	O
in	O
Motion	O
is	O
continuing	O
to	O
lose	O
market	O
share	O
to	O
Apple	O
and	O
Android	B-Application
smartphones	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
first	O
three	O
months	O
of	O
2011	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Android	I-Application
OS	O
gained	O
7	O
points	O
of	O
market	O
share	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
quickly	O
set	O
the	O
standard	O
for	O
mobile	O
devices	O
with	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
the	O
iPhone	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2008	O
,	O
Apple	O
published	O
the	O
SDK	B-Application
for	O
which	O
developers	O
can	O
build	O
applications	O
that	O
run	O
natively	O
on	O
the	O
iPhone	B-Device
and	O
iPad	O
instead	O
of	O
Safari-based	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Google	B-Application
Play	I-Application
Store	I-Application
now	O
has	O
over	O
700,000	O
apps	O
available	O
for	O
the	O
mobile	O
devices	O
running	O
the	O
Android	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Business	B-General_Concept
intelligence	I-General_Concept
applications	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
transform	O
reports	O
and	O
data	O
into	O
mobile	O
dashboards	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
have	O
them	O
instantly	O
delivered	O
to	O
any	O
mobile	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	O
Inc.	O
’	O
s	O
Android	B-Application
has	O
overtaken	O
Apple	O
Inc.	O
’	O
s	O
iOS	O
in	O
the	O
wildly	O
growing	O
arena	O
of	O
app	O
downloads	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
second	O
quarter	O
of	O
2011	O
,	O
44%	O
of	O
all	O
apps	O
downloaded	O
from	O
app	O
marketplaces	O
across	O
the	O
web	O
were	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
devices	O
while	O
31%	O
were	O
for	O
Apple	O
devices	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
new	O
data	O
from	O
ABI	O
Research	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
remaining	O
apps	O
were	O
for	O
various	O
other	O
mobile	O
operating	O
systems	O
,	O
including	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
and	O
Windows	O
Phone	O
7	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
early	O
2011	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
mobile	O
BI	B-General_Concept
software	I-General_Concept
market	O
started	O
to	O
mature	O
and	O
adoption	O
started	O
to	O
grow	O
at	O
a	O
significant	O
pace	O
in	O
both	O
small	O
and	O
large	O
enterprises	O
,	O
most	O
vendors	O
adopted	O
either	O
a	O
purpose-built	O
,	O
device-specific	O
application	O
strategy	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
iPhone	B-Device
or	O
Android	B-Application
apps	O
,	O
downloaded	O
from	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
or	O
the	O
Google	B-Application
Play	I-Application
Store	I-Application
)	O
or	O
a	O
web	O
application	O
strategy	O
(	O
browser-based	O
,	O
works	O
on	O
most	O
devices	O
without	O
an	O
application	O
being	O
installed	O
on	O
the	O
device	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
potential	O
solution	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
wider	O
adoption	O
of	O
HTML5	B-Application
on	O
mobile	O
devices	O
which	O
will	O
give	O
web	O
applications	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
dedicated	O
applications	O
while	O
still	O
allowing	O
them	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
many	O
devices	O
without	O
an	O
installed	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
plans	O
to	O
support	O
browser-based	O
applications	O
such	O
as	O
Reporting	O
Services	O
and	O
PerformancePoint	O
on	O
iOS	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
half	O
of	O
2012	O
and	O
touch-based	O
applications	O
on	O
iOS	O
and	O
Android	B-Application
by	O
the	O
second	O
half	O
of	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
target	O
devices	O
will	O
impact	O
the	O
mobile	O
BI	O
design	O
itself	O
because	O
the	O
design	O
for	O
a	O
smartphone	B-Application
will	O
be	O
different	O
than	O
for	O
a	O
tablet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
smartphone	B-Application
is	O
a	O
good	O
candidate	O
for	O
operational	O
mobile	O
BI	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Accessing	O
the	O
Internet	O
through	O
a	O
mobile	O
device	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
smartphone	B-Application
is	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
mobile	B-Application
Internet	I-Application
or	O
mobile	B-Application
Web	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Morgan	O
Stanley	O
reports	O
the	O
mobile	B-Application
Internet	I-Application
is	O
ramping	O
up	O
faster	O
than	O
its	O
predecessor	O
,	O
the	O
desktop	O
Internet	O
,	O
enabling	O
companies	O
to	O
deliver	O
knowledge	O
to	O
their	O
mobile	O
workforce	O
to	O
help	O
them	O
make	O
more	O
profitable	O
decisions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
2015	O
media	O
tablet	O
shipments	O
will	O
reach	O
around	O
50%	O
of	O
laptop	O
shipments	O
and	O
Windows	O
8	O
will	O
likely	O
be	O
in	O
third	O
place	O
behind	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
Apple	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
net	O
result	O
is	O
that	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
share	O
of	O
the	O
client	O
platform	O
,	O
be	O
it	O
PC	O
,	O
tablet	O
or	O
smartphone	B-Application
,	O
will	O
likely	O
be	O
reduced	O
to	O
60%	O
and	O
it	O
could	O
fall	O
below	O
50%	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
its	O
latest	O
Magic	O
Quadrant	O
for	O
Business	B-General_Concept
Intelligence	I-General_Concept
Platforms	O
,	O
Gartner	O
examines	O
whether	O
the	O
platform	O
enables	O
users	O
to	O
"	O
fully	O
interact	O
with	O
BI	O
content	O
delivered	O
to	O
mobile	O
devices.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
users	O
to	O
benefit	O
from	O
mobile	O
BI	O
,	O
they	O
must	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
navigate	O
dashboard	B-Protocol
and	O
guided	O
analytics	O
comfortably	O
—	O
or	O
as	O
comfortably	O
as	O
the	O
mobile	O
device	O
will	O
allow	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
where	O
devices	O
with	O
high-resolution	O
screens	O
and	O
touch	O
interfaces	O
(	O
like	O
the	O
iPhone	B-Device
and	O
Android-based	O
phones	O
)	O
have	O
a	O
clear	O
edge	O
over	O
,	O
say	O
,	O
earlier	O
editions	O
of	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
an	O
Aberdeen	O
survey	O
conducted	O
in	O
May	O
2010	O
,	O
23%	O
of	O
companies	O
participating	O
indicated	O
that	O
they	O
now	O
have	O
a	O
mobile	O
BI	O
app	O
or	O
dashboard	B-Protocol
in	O
place	O
,	O
while	O
another	O
31%	O
indicated	O
that	O
they	O
plan	O
to	O
implement	O
some	O
form	O
of	O
mobile	O
BI	O
in	O
the	O
next	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mobile	B-Application
Browser	I-Application
Rendered	O
App	O
:	O
Almost	O
any	O
mobile	O
device	O
enables	O
Web-based	O
,	O
thin	O
client	O
,	O
HTML-only	O
BI	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	O
is	O
viewed	O
just	O
as	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
over	O
a	O
browser	B-Application
from	O
a	O
personal	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Little	O
additional	O
effort	O
is	O
required	O
to	O
display	O
data	O
but	O
mobile	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
can	O
typically	O
only	O
support	O
a	O
small	O
subset	O
of	O
the	O
interactivity	O
of	O
a	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Customized	O
App	O
:	O
A	O
step	O
up	O
from	O
this	O
approach	O
is	O
to	O
render	O
each	O
(	O
or	O
all	O
)	O
reports	O
and	O
dashboards	B-Protocol
in	O
device-specific	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
these	O
include	O
thumb	O
wheel	O
or	O
thumb	O
button	O
for	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
,	O
up/down/left/right	O
arrows	O
for	O
Palm	O
,	O
gestural	O
manipulation	O
for	O
iPhone	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
iPhone	B-Device
apps	O
require	O
coding	O
in	O
Objective-C	B-Language
while	O
Android	B-Application
apps	O
require	O
coding	O
in	O
Java	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Business	O
data	O
can	O
be	O
displayed	O
in	O
a	O
mobile	O
BI	O
client	O
(	O
or	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
)	O
that	O
serves	O
as	O
a	O
user	O
interface	O
to	O
existing	O
BI	O
platforms	O
or	O
other	O
data	O
sources	O
,	O
eliminating	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
new	O
master	O
sources	O
of	O
data	O
and	O
specialized	O
server	O
infrastructure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Mobile	B-Application
Business	I-Application
Intelligence	I-Application
Market	O
Study	O
discovered	O
that	O
security	O
is	O
the	O
number	O
one	O
issue	O
(	O
63%	O
)	O
for	O
organizations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
smartphone	B-Application
manufacturers	O
provide	O
a	O
complete	O
set	O
of	O
security	O
features	O
including	O
full-disk	O
encryption	O
,	O
email	O
encryption	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
remote	O
management	O
which	O
includes	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
wipe	O
contents	O
if	O
device	O
is	O
lost	O
or	O
stolen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
some	O
devices	O
have	O
embedded	O
third-party	O
antivirus	O
and	O
firewall	O
software	O
such	O
as	O
RIM	O
's	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
measures	O
include	O
Secure	B-Protocol
Sockets	I-Protocol
Layer	I-Protocol
(	O
SSL	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
iSeries	O
Access	O
for	O
Windows	O
,	O
and	O
virtual	B-Application
private	I-Application
network	I-Application
(	O
VPN	B-Application
)	O
connections	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
can	O
be	O
done	O
using	O
AES	O
or	O
Triple	B-Algorithm
DES	I-Algorithm
with	O
an	O
encrypted	O
SSL	B-Protocol
tunnel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
ensure	O
high	O
security	O
standards	O
,	O
BI	B-General_Concept
software	I-General_Concept
platforms	O
must	O
extend	O
the	O
authentication	O
options	O
and	O
policy	O
controls	O
to	O
the	O
mobile	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Business	B-General_Concept
intelligence	I-General_Concept
software	I-General_Concept
platforms	O
need	O
to	O
ensure	O
a	O
secure	O
encrypted	O
keychain	O
for	O
storage	O
of	O
credentials	O
.	O
</s>
