<s>
Minix	B-Application
3	I-Application
is	O
a	O
small	O
,	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
published	O
under	O
a	O
BSD-3-Clause	B-Operating_System
license	O
and	O
is	O
a	O
successor	O
project	O
to	O
the	O
earlier	O
versions	O
,	O
Minix	B-Operating_System
1	O
and	O
2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
's	O
main	O
goal	O
is	O
for	O
the	O
system	O
to	O
be	O
fault-tolerant	B-General_Concept
by	O
detecting	O
and	O
repairing	O
its	O
faults	O
on	O
the	O
fly	O
,	O
with	O
no	O
user	O
intervention	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
uses	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
are	O
envisaged	O
to	O
be	O
embedded	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
and	O
education	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
Minix	B-Application
3	I-Application
supports	O
IA-32	B-Device
and	O
ARM	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
also	O
run	O
on	O
emulators	B-Application
or	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machines	I-Architecture
,	O
such	O
as	O
Bochs	B-Language
,	O
VMware	B-Operating_System
Workstation	I-Operating_System
,	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Virtual	I-Application
PC	I-Application
,	O
Oracle	B-Operating_System
VirtualBox	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
QEMU	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
port	O
to	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
architecture	O
is	O
in	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Minix	B-Application
3	I-Application
is	O
believed	O
to	O
have	O
inspired	O
the	O
Intel	B-Device
Management	I-Device
Engine	I-Device
(	O
ME	O
)	O
OS	O
found	O
in	O
Intel	O
's	O
Platform	B-Device
Controller	I-Device
Hub	I-Device
,	O
starting	O
with	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
ME	O
11	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
used	O
with	O
Skylake	B-Architecture
and	O
Kaby	B-Device
Lake	I-Device
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
debated	O
that	O
Minix	B-Operating_System
could	O
have	O
been	O
the	O
most	O
widely	O
used	O
OS	O
on	O
x86/AMD64	O
processors	O
,	O
with	O
more	O
installations	O
than	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
,	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
or	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
because	O
of	O
its	O
use	O
in	O
the	O
Intel	B-Device
ME	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
has	O
been	O
dormant	O
since	O
2018	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
latest	O
release	O
is	O
3.4.0	O
rc6	O
from	O
2017	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
Minix	B-Application
3	I-Application
discussion	O
group	O
is	O
still	O
active	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Reflecting	O
on	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
monolithic	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
based	O
systems	O
,	O
where	O
a	O
driver	O
(	O
which	O
has	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
Minix	B-Operating_System
creator	O
Tanenbaum	O
,	O
approximately	O
3	O
–	O
7	O
times	O
as	O
many	O
bugs	O
as	O
a	O
usual	O
program	O
)	O
can	O
bring	O
down	O
the	O
whole	O
system	O
,	O
Minix	B-Application
3	I-Application
aims	O
to	O
create	O
an	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
that	O
is	O
a	O
"	O
reliable	O
,	O
self-healing	O
,	O
multiserver	O
Unix	B-Operating_System
clone	I-Operating_System
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
achieve	O
that	O
,	O
the	O
code	O
running	O
in	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
must	O
be	O
minimal	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
file	O
server	O
,	O
process	O
server	O
,	O
and	O
each	O
device	B-Application
driver	I-Application
running	O
as	O
separate	O
user-mode	O
processes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
monolithic	O
system	O
,	O
a	O
bug	O
in	O
a	O
driver	O
can	O
easily	O
crash	O
the	O
whole	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
far	O
less	O
likely	O
to	O
occur	O
in	O
Minix	B-Application
3	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
MINIX	B-Application
3	I-Application
versions	O
Version	O
Release	O
date	O
Description	O
3.1.0(OSDI3 )	O
2005-10-18The	O
first	O
release	O
of	O
Minix	B-Application
3	I-Application
(	O
Book	O
Release	O
)	O
,	O
under	O
BSD-3-Clause	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
3.1.1(SOSP )	O
2005-10-24The	O
last	O
version	O
under	O
the	O
standard	O
BSD-3-Clause	B-Operating_System
license	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
3.1.22006-04-18The	O
first	O
version	O
under	O
the	O
custom	O
BSD-3-Clause	B-Operating_System
license	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
3.1.32007-04-13Added	O
new	O
virtual	B-Application
file	I-Application
system	I-Application
3.1.3a2007-06-08Bug	O
fixes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Improved	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
support	O
(	O
when	O
Minix	B-Operating_System
runs	O
as	O
guest	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Better	O
support	O
for	O
debuggers	O
(	O
ptrace	B-Operating_System
improvements	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
Packages	O
are	O
now	O
dynamically	O
linked	O
3.4.0	O
rc6	O
2017-05-09X11	O
is	O
now	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Minix	B-Application
3	I-Application
was	O
publicly	O
announced	O
on	O
24	O
October	O
2005	O
by	O
Andrew	O
Tanenbaum	O
during	O
his	O
keynote	O
speech	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
Association	O
for	O
Computing	O
Machinery	O
(	O
ACM	O
)	O
Symposium	O
Operating	B-General_Concept
Systems	I-General_Concept
Principles	O
conference	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
it	O
still	O
serves	O
as	O
an	O
example	O
for	O
the	O
new	O
edition	O
of	O
Tanenbaum	O
and	O
Woodhull	O
's	O
textbook	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
comprehensively	O
redesigned	O
to	O
be	O
"	O
usable	O
as	O
a	O
serious	O
system	O
on	O
resource-limited	O
and	O
embedded	B-Architecture
computers	I-Architecture
and	O
for	O
applications	O
requiring	O
high	O
reliability.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
released	O
under	O
the	O
same	O
BSD-3-Clause	B-Operating_System
license	O
that	O
Minix	B-Operating_System
was	O
licensed	O
under	O
since	O
2000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
goals	O
of	O
Minix	B-Application
3	I-Application
is	O
reliability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Monolithic	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
such	O
as	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
and	O
hybrids	O
like	O
Windows	B-Application
have	O
millions	O
of	O
lines	O
of	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
,	O
Minix	B-Application
3	I-Application
has	O
about	O
6,000	O
lines	O
of	O
executable	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
code	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
make	O
problems	O
easier	O
to	O
find	O
in	O
the	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
monolithic	B-Operating_System
kernels	I-Operating_System
,	O
device	B-Application
drivers	I-Application
reside	O
in	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
,	O
when	O
a	O
new	O
peripheral	O
is	O
installed	O
,	O
unknown	O
,	O
untrusted	O
code	O
is	O
inserted	O
in	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
,	O
in	O
Minix	B-Application
3	I-Application
,	O
each	O
device	B-Application
driver	I-Application
is	O
a	O
separate	O
user-mode	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drivers	O
cannot	O
execute	O
privileged	O
instructions	O
,	O
change	O
the	O
page	B-General_Concept
tables	I-General_Concept
,	O
perform	O
arbitrary	O
input/output	B-General_Concept
(	O
I/O	B-General_Concept
)	O
,	O
or	O
write	O
to	O
absolute	O
memory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
must	O
make	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
calls	O
for	O
these	O
services	O
and	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
checks	O
each	O
call	O
for	O
authority	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
monolithic	B-Operating_System
kernels	I-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
driver	O
can	O
write	O
to	O
any	O
word	O
of	O
memory	O
and	O
thus	O
accidentally	O
corrupt	O
user	O
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Minix	B-Application
3	I-Application
,	O
when	O
a	O
user	O
expects	O
data	O
from	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
,	O
it	O
builds	O
a	O
descriptor	O
telling	O
who	O
has	O
access	O
and	O
at	O
what	O
addresses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
then	O
passes	O
an	O
index	O
to	O
this	O
descriptor	O
to	O
the	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
,	O
which	O
may	O
pass	O
it	O
to	O
a	O
driver	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
or	O
driver	O
then	O
asks	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
to	O
write	O
via	O
the	O
descriptor	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
impossible	O
for	O
them	O
to	O
write	O
to	O
addresses	O
outside	O
the	O
buffer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
monolithic	B-Operating_System
kernels	I-Operating_System
,	O
dereferencing	O
a	O
bad	O
pointer	O
in	O
a	O
driver	O
normally	O
leads	O
to	O
a	O
system	O
crash	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
a	O
driver	O
gets	O
into	O
an	O
infinite	B-Algorithm
loop	I-Algorithm
,	O
the	O
scheduler	O
will	O
gradually	O
lower	O
its	O
priority	O
until	O
it	O
becomes	O
idle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
monolithic	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
looping	O
driver	O
could	O
hang	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Minix	B-Application
3	I-Application
uses	O
fixed-length	O
messages	O
for	O
internal	O
communication	O
,	O
which	O
eliminates	O
certain	O
buffer	B-General_Concept
overflows	I-General_Concept
and	O
buffer	O
management	O
problems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Minix	B-Application
3	I-Application
,	O
this	O
attack	O
is	O
mitigated	O
because	O
instruction	O
and	O
data	O
space	O
are	O
split	O
and	O
only	O
code	O
in	O
(	O
read-only	O
)	O
instruction	O
space	O
can	O
be	O
executed	O
,	O
termed	O
executable	O
space	O
protection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
attacks	O
which	O
rely	O
on	O
running	O
legitimately	O
executable	O
memory	O
in	O
a	O
malicious	O
way	O
(	O
return-to-libc	B-Language
,	O
return-oriented	O
programming	O
)	O
are	O
not	O
prevented	O
by	O
this	O
mitigation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Device	B-Application
drivers	I-Application
obtain	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
services	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
copying	O
data	O
to	O
users	O
 '	O
address	O
spaces	O
)	O
by	O
making	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
calls	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Minix	B-Application
3	I-Application
kernel	B-Operating_System
has	O
a	O
bit	O
map	O
for	O
each	O
driver	O
specifying	O
which	O
calls	O
it	O
is	O
authorized	O
to	O
make	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
monolithic	B-Operating_System
kernels	I-Operating_System
,	O
every	O
driver	O
can	O
call	O
every	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
function	O
,	O
authorized	O
or	O
not	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
also	O
maintains	O
a	O
table	O
telling	O
which	O
I/O	B-Architecture
ports	I-Architecture
each	O
driver	O
may	O
access	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
,	O
a	O
driver	O
can	O
only	O
touch	O
its	O
own	O
I/O	B-Architecture
ports	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
monolithic	B-Operating_System
kernels	I-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
buggy	O
driver	O
can	O
access	O
I/O	B-Architecture
ports	I-Architecture
belonging	O
to	O
another	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
special	O
process	O
,	O
called	O
the	O
reincarnation	O
server	O
,	O
periodically	O
pings	O
each	O
device	B-Application
driver	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
feature	O
does	O
not	O
work	O
for	O
disk	O
drivers	O
at	O
present	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
the	O
next	O
release	O
the	O
system	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
recover	O
even	O
disk	O
drivers	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
be	O
shadowed	O
in	O
random-access	B-Architecture
memory	I-Architecture
(	O
RAM	B-Architecture
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
an	O
interrupt	B-Application
occurs	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
converted	O
at	O
a	O
low	O
level	O
to	O
a	O
notification	O
sent	O
to	O
the	O
appropriate	O
driver	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
driver	O
is	O
waiting	O
for	O
a	O
message	O
,	O
it	O
gets	O
the	O
interrupt	B-Application
immediately	O
;	O
otherwise	O
it	O
gets	O
the	O
notification	O
the	O
next	O
time	O
it	O
does	O
a	O
RECEIVE	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
message	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
scheme	O
eliminates	O
nested	O
interrupts	B-Application
and	O
makes	O
driver	O
programming	O
easier	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
can	O
be	O
seen	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
bottom	O
level	O
is	O
the	O
microkernel	B-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
is	O
about	O
4,000	O
lines	O
of	O
code	O
(	O
mostly	O
in	O
C	B-Language
,	O
plus	O
a	O
small	O
amount	O
of	O
assembly	B-Language
language	I-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
handles	O
interrupts	B-Application
,	O
scheduling	O
,	O
and	O
message	O
passing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
supports	O
an	O
application	B-Application
programming	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
API	B-Application
)	O
of	O
about	O
30	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
calls	O
that	O
authorized	O
servers	B-Application
and	O
drivers	O
can	O
make	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
,	O
they	O
can	O
issue	O
POSIX	O
system	B-Operating_System
calls	I-Operating_System
which	O
send	O
messages	O
to	O
the	O
servers	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
calls	O
perform	O
functions	O
such	O
as	O
setting	O
interrupts	B-Application
and	O
copying	O
data	O
between	O
address	O
spaces	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
next	O
level	O
up	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
the	O
device	B-Application
drivers	I-Application
,	O
each	O
one	O
running	O
as	O
a	O
separate	O
userland	B-Operating_System
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
one	O
controls	O
some	O
I/O	B-General_Concept
device	I-General_Concept
,	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
disk	O
or	O
printer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
drivers	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
I/O	B-Architecture
port	I-Architecture
space	O
and	O
cannot	O
issue	O
I/O	B-General_Concept
instructions	O
directly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
,	O
they	O
must	O
make	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
calls	O
giving	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
I/O	B-Architecture
ports	I-Architecture
to	O
write	O
to	O
and	O
the	O
values	O
to	O
be	O
written	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
small	O
amount	O
of	O
overhead	O
in	O
doing	O
this	O
(	O
typically	O
500ns	O
)	O
,	O
this	O
scheme	O
makes	O
it	O
possible	O
for	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
to	O
check	O
authorization	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
audio	O
driver	O
cannot	O
write	O
on	O
the	O
disk	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
next	O
level	O
there	O
are	O
the	O
servers	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
where	O
nearly	O
all	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
functionality	O
is	O
located	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
turn	O
,	O
the	O
file	O
server	O
gets	O
disk	O
I/O	B-General_Concept
performed	O
by	O
sending	O
messages	O
to	O
the	O
disk	O
driver	O
,	O
which	O
controls	O
the	O
disk	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
key	O
servers	B-Application
is	O
the	O
reincarnation	O
server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
job	O
is	O
to	O
poll	O
all	O
the	O
other	O
servers	B-Application
and	O
drivers	O
to	O
check	O
on	O
their	O
health	O
periodically	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
a	O
component	O
fails	O
to	O
respond	O
correctly	O
,	O
or	O
exits	O
,	O
or	O
gets	O
into	O
an	O
infinite	B-Algorithm
loop	I-Algorithm
,	O
the	O
reincarnation	O
server	O
(	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
parent	O
process	O
of	O
the	O
drivers	O
and	O
servers	B-Application
)	O
kills	O
the	O
faulty	O
component	O
and	O
replaces	O
it	O
with	O
a	O
fresh	O
copy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Currently	O
the	O
reincarnation	O
server	O
,	O
the	O
process	O
server	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
microkernel	B-Operating_System
are	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
trusted	O
computing	O
base	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nevertheless	O
,	O
reducing	O
the	O
trusted	O
computing	O
base	O
from	O
3-5	O
million	O
lines	O
of	O
code	O
,	O
as	O
in	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
Windows	B-Application
systems	O
,	O
to	O
about	O
20,000	O
lines	O
greatly	O
enhances	O
system	O
reliability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Minix	B-Operating_System
1.0	O
,	O
1.5	O
,	O
and	O
2.0	O
were	O
developed	O
as	O
tools	O
to	O
help	O
people	O
learn	O
about	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Minix	B-Operating_System
1.0	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
1987	O
,	O
was	O
12,000	O
lines	O
of	O
C	B-Language
and	O
some	O
x86	B-Operating_System
assembly	B-Language
language	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Source	O
code	O
of	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
,	O
memory	B-General_Concept
manager	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
of	O
Minix	B-Operating_System
1.0	O
are	O
printed	O
in	O
the	O
book	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tanenbaum	O
originally	O
developed	O
Minix	B-Operating_System
for	O
compatibility	O
with	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
PC	I-Device
and	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
PC/AT	I-Operating_System
microcomputers	B-Architecture
available	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Minix	B-Operating_System
1.5	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
1991	O
,	O
included	O
support	O
for	O
MicroChannel	B-Device
IBM	B-Device
PS/2	I-Device
systems	O
and	O
was	O
also	O
ported	O
to	O
the	O
Motorola	B-Device
68000	I-Device
and	O
SPARC	B-Architecture
architectures	O
,	O
supporting	O
the	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
,	O
Commodore	B-Device
Amiga	I-Device
,	O
Apple	O
Macintosh	B-Device
and	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
SPARCstation	B-Device
computer	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
version	O
of	O
Minix	B-Operating_System
running	O
as	O
a	O
user	O
process	O
under	O
SunOS	B-Operating_System
was	O
also	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Minix	B-Operating_System
2.0	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
1997	O
,	O
was	O
only	O
available	O
for	O
the	O
x86	B-Operating_System
and	O
Solaris-hosted	O
SPARC	B-Architecture
architectures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Minix-vmd	B-Operating_System
was	O
created	O
by	O
two	O
Vrije	O
Universiteit	O
researchers	O
,	O
and	O
added	O
virtual	B-Architecture
memory	I-Architecture
and	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Minix	B-Application
3	I-Application
does	O
the	O
same	O
,	O
and	O
provides	O
a	O
modern	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
with	O
many	O
newer	O
tools	O
and	O
many	O
Unix	B-Application
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
improvements	O
have	O
also	O
been	O
made	O
in	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
since	O
the	O
Minix	B-Operating_System
2	O
release	O
,	O
making	O
the	O
system	O
more	O
reliable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Minix	B-Operating_System
version	O
3.1.5	O
was	O
released	O
5	O
Nov	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
contains	O
X11	B-Operating_System
,	O
Emacs	B-Application
,	O
vi	B-Application
,	O
cc	O
,	O
GCC	B-Application
,	O
Perl	B-Language
,	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
Almquist	B-Operating_System
shell	I-Operating_System
,	O
Bash	B-Operating_System
,	O
Z	B-Application
shell	I-Application
,	O
FTP	B-Protocol
client	I-Protocol
,	O
SSH	B-Protocol
client	I-Protocol
,	O
Telnet	B-Protocol
client	O
,	O
Pine	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
over	O
400	O
other	O
common	O
Unix	B-Application
utility	B-Application
programs	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
X11	B-Operating_System
,	O
this	O
version	O
marks	O
the	O
transition	O
away	O
from	O
a	O
text-only	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
feature	O
of	O
this	O
version	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
be	O
improved	O
in	O
future	O
ones	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
to	O
withstand	O
device	B-Application
driver	I-Application
crashes	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
many	O
cases	O
having	O
them	O
automatically	O
replaced	O
without	O
affecting	O
running	O
processes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
way	O
,	O
Minix	B-Operating_System
is	O
self-healing	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
applications	O
demanding	O
high	O
reliability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
version	O
has	O
many	O
new	O
features	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
Clang	B-Application
compiler	O
,	O
experimental	O
symmetric	B-Operating_System
multiprocessing	I-Operating_System
support	O
,	O
procfs	B-Application
and	O
ext2fs	B-Application
filesystem	B-Application
support	O
,	O
and	O
GNU	B-Language
Debugger	I-Language
(	O
GDB	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
parts	O
of	O
NetBSD	B-Device
are	O
also	O
integrated	O
in	O
the	O
release	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
bootloader	O
,	O
libc	B-Language
and	O
various	O
utilities	B-Application
and	O
other	O
libraries	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
release	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
ARM	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
in	O
addition	O
to	O
x86	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
supports	O
a	O
NetBSD	B-Device
userland	B-Operating_System
,	O
with	O
thousands	O
of	O
NetBSD	B-Device
packages	O
running	O
right	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
box	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rocky	O
Raccoon	O
is	O
the	O
mascot	O
of	O
Minix	B-Application
3	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
MINIXCon	O
is	O
a	O
conference	O
on	O
sharing	O
talks	O
,	O
efforts	O
and	O
researches	O
related	O
to	O
Minix	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
