<s>
Minification	B-Language
(	O
also	O
minimisation	B-Language
or	O
minimization	B-Language
)	O
is	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
removing	O
all	O
unnecessary	O
characters	O
from	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
of	O
interpreted	B-Application
programming	I-Application
languages	I-Application
or	O
markup	O
languages	O
without	O
changing	O
its	O
functionality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Minification	B-Language
reduces	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
,	O
making	O
its	O
transmission	O
over	O
a	O
network	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
programmer	O
culture	O
,	O
aiming	O
at	O
extremely	O
minified	B-Language
source	O
code	O
is	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
recreational	O
code	O
golf	O
competitions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Minification	B-Language
can	O
be	O
distinguished	O
from	O
the	O
more	O
general	O
concept	O
of	O
data	B-General_Concept
compression	I-General_Concept
in	O
that	O
the	O
minified	B-Language
source	O
can	O
be	O
interpreted	O
immediately	O
without	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
an	O
uncompression	B-General_Concept
step	O
:	O
the	O
same	O
interpreter	B-Application
can	O
work	O
with	O
both	O
the	O
original	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
with	O
the	O
minified	B-Language
source	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
goals	O
of	O
minification	B-Language
are	O
not	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
the	O
goals	O
of	O
obfuscation	O
;	O
the	O
former	O
is	O
often	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
reversed	O
using	O
a	O
pretty-printer	B-Application
or	O
unminifier	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
to	O
achieve	O
its	O
goals	O
,	O
minification	B-Language
sometimes	O
uses	O
techniques	O
also	O
used	O
by	O
obfuscation	O
;	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
shortening	O
variable	O
names	O
and	O
refactoring	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
minification	B-Language
uses	O
such	O
techniques	O
,	O
the	O
pretty-printer	B-Application
or	O
unminifier	O
can	O
only	O
fully	O
reverse	O
the	O
minification	B-Language
process	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
supplied	O
details	O
of	O
the	O
transformations	O
done	O
by	O
such	O
techniques	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2001	O
Douglas	O
Crockford	O
introduced	O
JSMin	O
,	O
which	O
removed	O
comments	O
and	O
whitespace	O
from	O
JavaScript	B-Language
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2009	O
,	O
Google	O
opened	O
up	O
its	O
Closure	O
toolkit	O
,	O
including	O
Closure	B-Language
Compiler	I-Language
which	O
contained	O
a	O
source	O
mapping	O
feature	O
together	O
with	O
a	O
Firefox	O
extension	O
called	O
Closure	O
Inspector	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2010	O
,	O
Mihai	O
Bazon	O
introduced	O
UglifyJS	B-Language
,	O
which	O
was	O
superseded	O
by	O
UglifyJS2	O
in	O
2012	O
;	O
the	O
rewrite	O
was	O
to	O
allow	O
for	O
source	O
map	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2018	O
,	O
Terser	O
has	O
been	O
forked	O
from	O
uglify-es	O
and	O
has	O
gained	O
momentum	O
since	O
;	O
in	O
2020	O
it	O
outstripped	O
UglifyJS	B-Language
when	O
measured	O
in	O
daily	O
downloads	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Source	O
Map	O
is	O
a	O
file	O
format	O
that	O
allows	O
software	O
tools	O
for	O
JavaScript	B-Language
to	O
display	O
different	O
code	O
to	O
a	O
user	O
than	O
the	O
code	O
actually	O
executed	O
by	O
the	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
to	O
aid	O
in	O
debugging	O
of	O
minified	B-Language
code	O
,	O
by	O
"	O
mapping	O
"	O
this	O
code	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
unminified	O
source	O
code	O
instead	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
format	O
was	O
created	O
by	O
Joseph	O
Schorr	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Closure	O
Inspector	O
minification	B-Language
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Visual	B-Language
Studio	I-Language
Code	I-Language
comes	O
with	O
minification	B-Language
support	O
for	O
several	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
readily	O
browse	O
the	O
Visual	O
Studio	O
Marketplace	O
to	O
download	O
and	O
install	O
additional	O
minifiers	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
JavaScript	B-Language
optimizers	O
which	O
can	O
minify	B-Language
and	O
generate	O
source	O
maps	O
include	O
UglifyJS	B-Language
and	O
Google	B-Language
Closure	I-Language
Compiler	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
certain	O
online	O
tools	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Microsoft	O
Ajax	O
Minifier	B-Language
,	O
the	O
Yahoo	O
!	O
</s>
<s>
YUI	O
Compressor	O
or	O
Pretty	B-Application
Diff	I-Application
,	O
can	O
compress	O
CSS	B-Language
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
minification	B-Language
of	O
HTML	O
code	O
there	O
are	O
the	O
following	O
tools	O
:	O
HtmlCompressor	O
,	O
HTMLMinifier	O
and	O
WebMarkupMin	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
a	O
Power-Shell	O
script	O
named	O
"	O
minifyPS	O
"	O
that	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
shrink	O
PowerShell	O
script	O
code	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
JavaScript	B-Language
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Components	O
and	O
libraries	O
for	O
Web	B-Application
applications	I-Application
and	O
websites	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
to	O
optimize	O
file	O
requests	O
and	O
reduce	O
page	O
load	O
times	O
by	O
shrinking	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
various	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
JavaScript	B-Language
and	O
Cascading	B-Language
Style	I-Language
Sheet	I-Language
(	O
CSS	B-Language
)	O
resources	O
may	O
be	O
minified	B-Language
,	O
preserving	O
their	O
behavior	O
while	O
considerably	O
reducing	O
their	O
file	O
size	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Libraries	O
available	O
online	O
are	O
capable	O
of	O
minification	B-Language
and	O
optimization	O
to	O
varying	O
degrees	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
JavaScript	B-Language
source	O
maps	O
can	O
make	O
code	O
readable	O
and	O
debuggable	O
even	O
after	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
combined	O
and	O
minified	B-Language
.	O
</s>
