<s>
Real-time	O
Analog	B-Algorithm
Signal	I-Algorithm
Processing	I-Algorithm
(	O
R-ASP	O
)	O
,	O
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
DSP-based	O
processing	O
,	O
might	O
be	O
defined	O
as	O
the	O
manipulation	O
of	O
signals	O
in	O
their	O
pristine	O
analog	O
form	O
and	O
in	O
real	B-General_Concept
time	I-General_Concept
to	O
realize	O
specific	O
operations	O
enabling	O
microwave	O
or	O
millimeter-wave	O
and	O
terahertz	B-Architecture
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
exploding	O
demand	O
for	O
higher	O
spectral	B-Protocol
efficiency	I-Protocol
in	O
radio	O
has	O
spurred	O
a	O
renewed	O
interest	O
in	O
analog	O
real-time	O
components	O
and	O
systems	O
beyond	O
conventional	O
purely	O
digital	B-General_Concept
signal	I-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
techniques	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
such	O
frequencies	O
,	O
analog	O
devices	O
and	O
related	O
real-time	O
or	O
analog	B-Algorithm
signal	I-Algorithm
processing	I-Algorithm
(	O
ASP	O
)	O
systems	O
,	O
which	O
manipulate	O
broadband	O
signals	O
in	O
the	O
time	O
domain	O
,	O
may	O
be	O
far	O
preferable	O
,	O
as	O
they	O
offer	O
the	O
benefits	O
of	O
lower	O
complexity	O
and	O
higher	O
speed	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
offer	O
unprecedented	O
solutions	O
in	O
the	O
major	O
areas	O
of	O
radio	O
engineering	O
,	O
including	O
communications	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
radars	O
,	O
sensors	O
,	O
instrumentation	O
and	O
imaging	O
.	O
</s>
