<s>
SmartScreen	B-Application
(	O
officially	O
called	O
Windows	O
SmartScreen	B-Application
,	O
Windows	O
Defender	O
SmartScreen	B-Application
and	O
SmartScreen	B-Application
Filter	O
in	O
different	O
places	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
cloud-based	B-Architecture
anti-phishing	O
and	O
anti-malware	B-Application
component	O
included	O
in	O
several	O
Microsoft	O
products	O
,	O
including	O
operating	O
systems	O
Windows	B-Application
8	I-Application
and	O
later	O
,	O
the	O
applications	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
,	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Edge	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
SmartScreen	B-Application
intelligence	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
backend	O
of	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
online	O
services	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
web	O
app	O
Outlook.com	B-Operating_System
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Bing	I-Application
search	O
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SmartScreen	B-Application
as	O
a	O
business	O
unit	O
includes	O
the	O
intelligence	O
platform	O
,	O
backend	O
,	O
serving	O
frontend	O
,	O
UX	O
,	O
policy	O
,	O
expert	O
graders	O
,	O
and	O
closed-loop	B-General_Concept
intelligence	I-General_Concept
(	O
including	O
machine	O
learning	O
and	O
statistical	O
techniques	O
)	O
designed	O
to	O
help	O
protect	O
Microsoft	O
customers	O
against	O
safety	O
threats	O
like	O
social	O
engineering	O
and	O
drive-by	O
downloads	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SmartScreen	B-Application
was	O
first	O
introduced	O
in	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
7	I-Application
,	O
then	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
Phishing	O
Filter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
8	I-Application
,	O
the	O
Phishing	O
Filter	O
was	O
renamed	O
to	O
SmartScreen	B-Application
and	O
extended	O
to	O
include	O
protection	O
from	O
socially	O
engineered	O
malware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
labeled	O
as	O
an	O
impostor	O
or	O
harmful	O
,	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
8	I-Application
will	O
show	O
a	O
screen	O
prompting	O
that	O
the	O
site	O
is	O
reported	O
harmful	O
and	O
should	O
n't	O
be	O
visited	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
SmartScreen	B-Application
filtering	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
superior	O
to	O
socially	O
engineered	O
malware	O
protection	O
in	O
other	O
browsers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Microsoft	O
,	O
the	O
SmartScreen	B-Application
technology	O
used	O
by	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
8	I-Application
was	O
successful	O
against	O
phishing	O
or	O
other	O
malicious	O
sites	O
and	O
in	O
blocking	O
of	O
socially	O
engineered	O
malware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Beginning	O
with	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
8	I-Application
,	O
SmartScreen	B-Application
can	O
be	O
enforced	O
using	O
Group	O
Policy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Building	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
SmartScreen	B-Application
Filter	O
introduced	O
in	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
8	I-Application
,	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
9	I-Application
's	O
protection	O
against	O
malware	O
downloads	O
is	O
extended	O
with	O
SmartScreen	B-Application
Application	O
Reputation	O
that	O
detects	O
untrustworthy	O
executables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
Mobile	I-Application
10	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
release	O
of	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
Mobile	I-Application
to	O
support	O
the	O
SmartScreen	B-Application
Filter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	B-Application
Edge	I-Application
was	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
new	O
browser	O
beginning	O
in	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
,	O
originally	O
built	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
Windows	O
web	O
platform	O
powering	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
,	O
later	O
rebuilt	O
on	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Chromium	B-Language
browser	I-Language
stack	I-Language
to	O
go	O
cross-platform	O
onto	O
macOS	B-Application
and	O
down-level	O
into	O
Windows	B-Device
8.1	I-Device
and	O
below	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SmartScreen	B-Application
shipped	O
with	O
each	O
version	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Edge	I-Application
,	O
mostly	O
with	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
parity	O
,	O
in	O
progressive	O
versions	O
adding	O
protection	O
improvements	O
targeting	O
new	O
consumer	O
threat	O
classes	O
like	O
tech	O
support	O
scams	O
or	O
adding	O
new	O
enterprise	O
configurability	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SmartScreen	B-Application
Filter	O
in	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Outlook	I-Application
was	O
previously	O
bypassable	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
data	O
gap	O
in	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
phishing	O
attacks	O
use	O
a	O
phishing	O
email	O
linking	O
to	O
a	O
front-end	O
URL	O
unknown	O
to	O
Microsoft	O
;	O
clicking	O
this	O
URL	O
in	O
the	O
inbox	O
opens	O
the	O
URL	O
in	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
;	O
the	O
loaded	O
website	O
then	O
,	O
using	O
client-side	O
or	O
server-side	O
redirections	O
,	O
redirects	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
the	O
malicious	O
site	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
original	O
implementation	O
of	O
SmartScreen	B-Application
,	O
the	O
"	O
Report	O
this	O
website	O
"	O
option	O
in	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
only	O
reported	O
the	O
currently-open	O
page	O
(	O
the	O
final	O
URL	O
in	O
the	O
redirect	O
chain	O
)	O
;	O
the	O
original	O
referrer	O
URL	O
in	O
the	O
phishing	O
attack	O
was	O
not	O
reported	O
to	O
Microsoft	O
and	O
remained	O
accessible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
mitigated	O
beginning	O
in	O
early	O
versions	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Edge	I-Application
by	O
sending	O
the	O
full	O
redirection	O
chain	O
to	O
Microsoft	O
for	O
further	O
analysis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SmartScreen	B-Application
filtering	O
at	O
the	O
desktop	O
level	O
,	O
performing	O
reputation	O
checks	O
by	O
default	O
on	O
any	O
file	O
or	O
application	O
downloaded	O
from	O
the	O
Internet	O
,	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
Windows	B-Application
8	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similar	O
to	O
the	O
way	O
SmartScreen	B-Application
works	O
in	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
9	I-Application
,	O
if	O
the	O
program	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
an	O
established	O
good	O
reputation	O
,	O
the	O
user	O
is	O
alerted	O
that	O
running	O
the	O
program	O
may	O
harm	O
their	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
SmartScreen	B-Application
is	O
left	O
at	O
its	O
default	O
settings	O
,	O
the	O
administrator	B-Application
needs	O
to	O
launch	O
and	O
run	O
the	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
faced	O
concerns	O
surrounding	O
the	O
privacy	O
,	O
legality	O
and	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
system	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
automatic	O
analysis	O
of	O
files	O
(	O
which	O
involves	O
sending	O
a	O
cryptographic	O
hash	O
of	O
the	O
file	O
and	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
IP	O
address	O
to	O
a	O
server	O
)	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
database	O
of	O
users	O
 '	O
downloads	O
online	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
outdated	O
SSL	B-Protocol
2.0	O
protocol	O
for	O
communication	O
could	O
allow	O
an	O
attacker	O
to	O
eavesdrop	O
on	O
the	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
response	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
later	O
issued	O
a	O
statement	O
noting	O
that	O
IP	O
addresses	O
were	O
only	O
being	O
collected	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
normal	O
operation	O
of	O
the	O
service	O
and	O
would	O
be	O
periodically	O
deleted	O
,	O
that	O
SmartScreen	B-Application
on	O
Windows	B-Application
8	I-Application
would	O
only	O
use	O
SSL	B-Protocol
3.0	O
for	O
security	O
reasons	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
information	O
gathered	O
via	O
SmartScreen	B-Application
would	O
not	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
advertising	O
purposes	O
or	O
sold	O
to	O
third	O
parties	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Beginning	O
in	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
,	O
Microsoft	O
placed	O
the	O
SmartScreen	B-Application
settings	O
into	O
the	O
Windows	O
Defender	O
Security	O
Center	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Further	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
and	O
Windows	B-Application
11	I-Application
updates	O
have	O
added	O
more	O
enterprise	O
configurability	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
enterprise	O
endpoint	O
protection	O
product	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Outlook.com	B-Operating_System
uses	O
SmartScreen	B-Application
to	O
protect	O
users	O
from	O
unsolicited	O
e-mail	O
messages	O
(	O
spam/junk	O
)	O
,	O
fraudulent	O
emails	O
(	O
phishing	O
)	O
and	O
malware	O
spread	O
via	O
e-mail	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
filter	O
spam	O
,	O
SmartScreen	B-Application
Filter	O
uses	O
machine	O
learning	O
from	O
Microsoft	O
Research	O
which	O
learns	O
from	O
known	O
spam	O
threats	O
and	O
user	O
feedback	O
when	O
emails	O
are	O
marked	O
as	O
"	O
Spam	O
"	O
by	O
the	O
user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Over	O
time	O
,	O
these	O
preferences	O
help	O
SmartScreen	B-Application
Filter	O
to	O
distinguish	O
between	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
unwanted	O
and	O
legitimate	O
e-mail	O
and	O
can	O
also	O
determine	O
the	O
reputation	O
of	O
senders	O
by	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
emails	O
having	O
had	O
this	O
checked	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SmartScreen	B-Application
Filter	O
also	O
analyses	O
email	O
messages	O
from	O
fraudulent	O
and	O
suspicious	O
Web	O
links	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SmartScreen	B-Application
also	O
protects	O
against	O
spoofed	O
domain	O
names	O
(	O
spoofing	O
)	O
in	O
emails	O
to	O
verify	O
whether	O
an	O
email	O
is	O
sent	O
by	O
the	O
domain	O
which	O
it	O
claims	O
to	O
be	O
sent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
this	O
,	O
it	O
uses	O
the	O
technology	O
Sender	O
ID	O
and	O
DomainKeys	B-Protocol
Identified	I-Protocol
Mail	I-Protocol
(	O
DKIM	B-Protocol
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SmartScreen	B-Application
Filter	O
also	O
ensures	O
that	O
one	O
email	O
from	O
authenticated	O
senders	O
can	O
distinguish	O
more	O
easily	O
by	O
placing	O
a	O
green-shield	O
icon	O
for	O
the	O
subject	O
line	O
of	O
these	O
emails	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
NSS	O
Labs	O
,	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
9	I-Application
blocked	O
99%	O
of	O
malware	O
downloads	O
compared	O
to	O
90%	O
for	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
8	I-Application
that	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
the	O
SmartScreen	B-Application
Application	O
Reputation	O
feature	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
the	O
13%	O
achieved	O
by	O
Firefox	B-Application
,	O
Chrome	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Safari	B-Application
;	O
which	O
all	O
use	O
a	O
Google	B-Application
Safe	I-Application
Browsing	I-Application
malware	O
filter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Opera	B-Application
11	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
block	O
just	O
5%	O
of	O
malware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SmartScreen	B-Application
Filter	O
was	O
also	O
noted	O
for	O
adding	O
legitimate	O
sites	O
to	O
its	O
blocklists	O
almost	O
instantaneously	O
,	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
the	O
several	O
hours	O
it	O
took	O
for	O
blocklists	O
to	O
be	O
updated	O
on	O
other	O
browsers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
early	O
2010	O
,	O
similar	O
tests	O
had	O
given	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
8	I-Application
an	O
85%	O
passing	O
grade	O
,	O
the	O
5%	O
improvement	O
being	O
attributed	O
to	O
"	O
continued	O
investments	O
in	O
improved	O
data	O
intelligence	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
comparison	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
research	O
showed	O
that	O
Chrome	B-Application
6	O
,	O
Firefox	B-Application
3.6	O
and	O
Safari	B-Application
5	O
scored	O
6%	O
,	O
19%	O
and	O
11%	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Opera	B-Application
10	O
scored	O
0%	O
,	O
failing	O
to	O
"	O
detect	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
socially	O
engineered	O
malware	O
samples	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2010	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
claimed	O
that	O
SmartScreen	B-Application
on	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
had	O
blocked	O
over	O
a	O
billion	O
attempts	O
to	O
access	O
sites	O
containing	O
security	O
risks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Microsoft	O
,	O
the	O
SmartScreen	B-Application
Filter	O
included	O
in	O
Outlook.com	B-Operating_System
blocks	O
4.5	O
billion	O
unwanted	O
e-mails	O
daily	O
from	O
reaching	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Manufacturers	O
of	O
other	O
browsers	O
have	O
criticized	O
the	O
third-party	O
tests	O
which	O
claim	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
has	O
superior	O
phishing	O
and	O
malware	O
protection	O
compared	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Application
,	O
Firefox	B-Application
,	O
or	O
Opera	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Criticisms	O
have	O
focused	O
mostly	O
on	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
transparency	O
of	O
URLs	O
tested	O
and	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
consideration	O
of	O
layered	O
security	O
additional	O
to	O
the	O
browser	O
,	O
with	O
Google	B-Application
commenting	O
that	O
"	O
The	O
report	O
itself	O
clearly	O
states	O
that	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
evaluate	O
browser	O
security	O
related	O
to	O
vulnerabilities	O
in	O
plug-ins	O
or	O
the	O
browsers	O
themselves	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
Opera	B-Application
commenting	O
that	O
the	O
results	O
appeared	O
"	O
odd	O
that	O
they	O
received	O
no	O
results	O
from	O
our	O
data	O
providers	O
"	O
and	O
that	O
"	O
social	O
malware	O
protection	O
is	O
not	O
an	O
indicator	O
of	O
overall	O
browser	O
security	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SmartScreen	B-Application
builds	O
reputation	O
based	O
on	O
code	O
signing	O
certificates	O
that	O
identify	O
the	O
author	O
of	O
the	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SmartScreen	B-Application
does	O
not	O
relate	O
a	O
renewed	O
certificate	O
to	O
an	O
expired	O
one	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SmartScreen	B-Application
Filter	O
creates	O
a	O
problem	O
for	O
small	O
software	O
vendors	O
when	O
they	O
distribute	O
an	O
updated	O
version	O
of	O
installation	O
or	O
binary	O
files	O
over	O
the	O
internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Whenever	O
an	O
updated	O
version	O
is	O
released	O
,	O
SmartScreen	B-Application
responds	O
by	O
stating	O
that	O
the	O
file	O
is	O
not	O
commonly	O
downloaded	O
and	O
can	O
therefore	O
install	O
harmful	O
files	O
on	O
your	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Acommon	O
distribution	O
method	O
for	O
authors	O
to	O
bypass	O
SmartScreen	B-Application
warnings	O
is	O
to	O
pack	O
their	O
installation	O
program	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
Setup.exe	O
)	O
into	O
a	O
ZIP-archive	B-General_Concept
and	O
distribute	O
it	O
that	O
way	O
,	O
though	O
this	O
can	O
confuse	O
novice	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
criticism	O
is	O
that	O
SmartScreen	B-Application
increases	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
non-commercial	O
and	O
small	O
scale	O
software	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Extended	O
validation	O
certificates	O
allow	O
the	O
developer	O
to	O
immediately	O
establish	O
reputation	O
with	O
SmartScreen	B-Application
but	O
are	O
often	O
unaffordable	O
for	O
people	O
developing	O
software	O
either	O
for	O
free	O
or	O
not	O
for	O
immediate	O
profit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
standard	O
code	O
signing	O
certicates	O
however	O
pose	O
a	O
"	O
catch-22	O
"	O
for	O
developers	O
,	O
since	O
SmartScreen	B-Application
warnings	O
make	O
people	O
reluctant	O
to	O
download	O
software	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
consequence	O
to	O
get	O
downloads	O
requires	O
first	O
passing	O
SmartScreen	B-Application
,	O
passing	O
SmartScreen	B-Application
requires	O
getting	O
reputation	O
and	O
getting	O
reputation	O
is	O
dependent	O
on	O
downloads	O
.	O
</s>
