<s>
Microsoft	B-Application
PowerPoint	I-Application
is	O
a	O
presentation	B-Application
program	I-Application
,	O
created	O
by	O
Robert	O
Gaskins	O
and	O
Dennis	O
Austin	O
at	O
a	O
software	O
company	O
named	O
Forethought	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
April	O
20	O
,	O
1987	O
,	O
initially	O
for	O
Macintosh	B-Device
computers	O
only	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
acquired	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
for	O
about	O
$14million	O
three	O
months	O
after	O
it	O
appeared	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
first	O
significant	O
acquisition	O
,	O
and	O
Microsoft	O
set	O
up	O
a	O
new	O
business	O
unit	O
for	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
in	O
Silicon	O
Valley	O
where	O
Forethought	O
had	O
been	O
located	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPoint	B-Application
became	O
a	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Office	I-Application
suite	I-Application
,	O
first	O
offered	O
in	O
1989	O
for	O
Macintosh	B-Device
and	O
in	O
1990	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
which	O
bundled	O
several	O
Microsoft	O
apps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Beginning	O
with	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
4.0	O
(	O
1994	O
)	O
,	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
was	O
integrated	O
into	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Office	I-Application
development	O
,	O
and	O
adopted	O
shared	O
common	O
components	O
and	O
a	O
converged	O
user	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPoint	B-Application
's	O
market	O
share	O
was	O
very	O
small	O
at	O
first	O
,	O
prior	O
to	O
introducing	O
a	O
version	O
for	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
,	O
but	O
grew	O
rapidly	O
with	O
the	O
growth	O
of	O
Windows	B-Application
and	O
of	O
Office	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
,	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
's	O
worldwide	O
market	O
share	O
of	O
presentation	B-Application
software	I-Application
has	O
been	O
estimated	O
at	O
95	O
percent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPoint	B-Application
was	O
originally	O
designed	O
to	O
provide	O
visuals	O
for	O
group	O
presentations	O
within	O
business	O
organizations	O
,	O
but	O
has	O
come	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
many	O
other	O
communication	O
situations	O
,	O
both	O
in	O
business	O
and	O
beyond	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
impact	O
of	O
this	O
much	O
wider	O
use	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
has	O
been	O
experienced	O
as	O
a	O
powerful	O
change	O
throughout	O
society	O
,	O
with	O
strong	O
reactions	O
including	O
advice	O
that	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
used	O
less	O
,	O
should	O
be	O
used	O
differently	O
,	O
or	O
should	O
be	O
used	O
better	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
version	O
(	O
Macintosh	B-Device
1987	O
)	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
produce	O
overhead	O
transparencies	O
,	O
the	O
second	O
(	O
Macintosh	B-Device
1988	O
,	O
Windows	B-Application
1990	O
)	O
could	O
also	O
produce	O
color	O
35mm	O
slides	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
third	O
version	O
(	O
Windows	B-Application
and	O
Macintosh	B-Device
1992	O
)	O
introduced	O
video	O
output	O
of	O
virtual	O
slideshows	O
to	O
digital	B-Device
projectors	I-Device
,	O
which	O
would	O
over	O
time	O
completely	O
replace	O
physical	O
transparencies	O
and	O
slides	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
dozen	O
major	O
versions	O
since	O
then	O
have	O
added	O
many	O
additional	O
features	O
and	O
modes	O
of	O
operation	O
and	O
have	O
made	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
available	O
beyond	O
Apple	B-Device
Macintosh	I-Device
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
,	O
adding	O
versions	O
for	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
and	O
web	O
access	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPoint	B-Application
was	O
created	O
by	O
Robert	O
Gaskins	O
and	O
Dennis	O
Austin	O
at	O
a	O
software	O
startup	O
in	O
Silicon	O
Valley	O
named	O
Forethought	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
Forethought	O
had	O
been	O
founded	O
in	O
1983	O
to	O
create	O
an	O
integrated	O
environment	O
and	O
applications	O
for	O
future	O
personal	O
computers	O
that	O
would	O
provide	O
a	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
,	O
but	O
it	O
had	O
run	O
into	O
difficulties	O
requiring	O
a	O
"	O
restart	O
"	O
and	O
new	O
plan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
July	O
5	O
,	O
1984	O
,	O
Forethought	O
hired	O
Robert	O
Gaskins	O
as	O
its	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
product	O
development	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
new	O
application	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
especially	O
suited	O
to	O
the	O
new	O
graphical	B-Application
personal	O
computers	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
and	O
Apple	B-Device
Macintosh	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gaskins	O
produced	O
his	O
initial	O
description	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
about	O
a	O
month	O
later	O
(	O
August	O
14	O
,	O
1984	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
a	O
2-page	O
document	O
titled	O
"	O
Presentation	O
Graphics	O
for	O
Overhead	O
Projection.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
October	O
1984	O
,	O
Gaskins	O
had	O
selected	O
Dennis	O
Austin	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
developer	O
for	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
first	O
design	O
document	O
showed	O
a	O
product	O
as	O
it	O
would	O
look	O
in	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
1.0	I-Application
,	O
which	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
had	O
not	O
been	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Development	O
from	O
that	O
spec	O
was	O
begun	O
by	O
Austin	O
in	O
November	O
1985	O
,	O
for	O
Macintosh	B-Device
first	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gaskins	O
prepared	O
two	O
final	O
product	O
specification	O
marketing	O
documents	O
in	O
June	O
1986	O
;	O
these	O
described	O
a	O
product	O
for	O
both	O
Macintosh	B-Device
and	O
Windows	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
about	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
Austin	O
,	O
Rudkin	O
,	O
and	O
Gaskins	O
produced	O
a	O
second	O
and	O
final	O
major	O
design	O
specification	O
document	O
,	O
this	O
time	O
showing	O
a	O
Macintosh	B-Device
look	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gaskins	O
says	O
that	O
he	O
thought	O
of	O
"	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
"	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
product	O
's	O
goal	O
of	O
"	O
empowering	O
"	O
individual	O
presenters	O
,	O
and	O
sent	O
that	O
name	O
to	O
the	O
lawyers	O
for	O
clearance	O
,	O
while	O
all	O
the	O
documentation	O
was	O
hastily	O
revised	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Funding	O
to	O
complete	O
development	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
was	O
assured	O
in	O
mid-January	O
1987	O
,	O
when	O
a	O
new	O
Apple	O
Computer	O
venture	O
capital	O
fund	O
,	O
called	O
Apple	O
's	O
Strategic	O
Investment	O
Group	O
,	O
selected	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
to	O
be	O
its	O
first	O
investment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
month	O
later	O
,	O
on	O
February	O
22	O
,	O
1987	O
,	O
Forethought	O
announced	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
at	O
the	O
Personal	O
Computer	O
Forum	O
in	O
Phoenix	O
;	O
John	O
Sculley	O
,	O
the	O
CEO	O
of	O
Apple	O
,	O
appeared	O
at	O
the	O
announcement	O
and	O
said	O
"	O
We	O
see	O
desktop	O
presentation	O
as	O
potentially	O
a	O
bigger	O
market	O
for	O
Apple	O
than	O
desktop	O
publishing.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPoint	B-Application
1.0	O
for	O
Macintosh	B-Device
shipped	O
from	O
manufacturing	O
on	O
April	O
20	O
,	O
1987	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
first	O
production	O
run	O
of	O
10,000	O
units	O
was	O
sold	O
out	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
contemplated	O
an	O
acquisition	O
to	O
speed	O
up	O
development	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
early	O
1987	O
Microsoft	O
sent	O
a	O
letter	O
of	O
intent	O
to	O
acquire	O
Dave	O
Winer	O
's	O
product	O
called	O
MORE	B-Application
,	O
an	O
outlining	O
program	O
that	O
could	O
print	O
its	O
outlines	O
as	O
bullet	O
charts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Raikes	O
later	O
recounted	O
his	O
reaction	O
to	O
seeing	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
and	O
his	O
report	O
about	O
it	O
to	O
Bill	O
Gates	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
initially	O
skeptical	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
was	O
released	O
by	O
Forethought	O
,	O
its	O
initial	O
press	O
was	O
favorable	O
;	O
the	O
Wall	O
Street	O
Journal	O
reported	O
on	O
early	O
reactions	O
:	O
I	O
see	O
about	O
one	O
product	O
a	O
year	O
I	O
get	O
this	O
excited	O
about	O
,	O
'	O
says	O
Amy	O
Wohl	O
,	O
a	O
consultant	O
in	O
Bala	O
Cynwyd	O
,	O
Pa	O
.	O
'	O
People	O
will	O
buy	O
a	O
Macintosh	B-Device
just	O
to	O
get	O
access	O
to	O
this	O
product	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
April	O
28	O
,	O
1987	O
,	O
a	O
week	O
after	O
shipment	O
,	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
senior	O
executives	O
spent	O
another	O
day	O
at	O
Forethought	O
to	O
hear	O
about	O
initial	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
sales	O
on	O
Macintosh	B-Device
and	O
plans	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
set	O
up	O
within	O
its	O
Applications	O
Division	O
an	O
independent	O
"	O
Graphics	O
Business	O
Unit	O
"	O
to	O
develop	O
and	O
market	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
,	O
the	O
first	O
Microsoft	O
application	O
group	O
distant	O
from	O
the	O
main	O
Redmond	O
location	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
the	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
people	O
from	O
Forethought	O
joined	O
Microsoft	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
new	O
location	O
was	O
headed	O
by	O
Robert	O
Gaskins	O
,	O
with	O
Dennis	O
Austin	O
and	O
Thomas	O
Rudkin	O
leading	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPoint	B-Application
1.0	O
for	O
Macintosh	B-Device
was	O
modified	O
to	O
indicate	O
the	O
new	O
Microsoft	O
ownership	O
and	O
continued	O
to	O
be	O
sold	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
new	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
2.0	O
for	O
Macintosh	B-Device
,	O
adding	O
color	O
35mm	O
slides	O
,	O
appeared	O
by	O
mid-1988	O
,	O
and	O
again	O
received	O
good	O
reviews	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
same	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
2.0	O
product	O
re-developed	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
was	O
shipped	O
two	O
years	O
later	O
,	O
in	O
mid-1990	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
as	O
Windows	B-Application
3.0	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPoint	B-Application
3.0	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
shipped	O
in	O
1992	O
for	O
both	O
Windows	B-Application
and	O
Mac	O
,	O
added	O
live	O
video	O
for	O
projectors	O
and	O
monitors	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
result	O
that	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
was	O
thereafter	O
used	O
for	O
delivering	O
presentations	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
for	O
preparing	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPoint	B-Application
had	O
been	O
included	O
in	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Office	I-Application
from	O
the	O
beginning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPoint	B-Application
2.0	O
for	O
Macintosh	B-Device
was	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
Office	O
bundle	O
for	O
Macintosh	B-Device
which	O
was	O
offered	O
in	O
mid-1989	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
2.0	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
appeared	O
,	O
a	O
year	O
later	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
similar	O
Office	O
bundle	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
which	O
was	O
offered	O
in	O
late	O
1990	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPoint	B-Application
3.0	O
(	O
1992	O
)	O
was	O
again	O
separately	O
specified	O
and	O
developed	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
prominently	O
advertised	O
and	O
sold	O
separately	O
from	O
Office	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
,	O
as	O
before	O
,	O
included	O
in	O
Microsoft	B-Operating_System
Office	I-Operating_System
3.0	I-Operating_System
,	O
both	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
and	O
the	O
corresponding	O
version	O
for	O
Macintosh	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
plan	O
to	O
integrate	O
the	O
applications	O
themselves	O
more	B-Application
tightly	O
had	O
been	O
indicated	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
February	O
1991	O
,	O
toward	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
3.0	O
development	O
,	O
in	O
an	O
internal	O
memo	O
by	O
Bill	O
Gates	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
move	O
from	O
bundling	O
separate	O
products	O
to	O
integrated	O
development	O
began	O
with	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
4.0	O
,	O
developed	O
in	O
1993	O
–	O
1994	O
under	O
new	O
management	O
from	O
Redmond	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
group	O
in	O
Silicon	O
Valley	O
was	O
reorganized	O
from	O
the	O
independent	O
"	O
Graphics	O
Business	O
Unit	O
"	O
(	O
GBU	O
)	O
to	O
become	O
the	O
"	O
Graphics	O
Product	O
Unit	O
"	O
(	O
GPU	O
)	O
for	O
Office	O
,	O
and	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
4.0	O
changed	O
to	O
adopt	O
a	O
converged	O
user	O
interface	O
and	O
other	O
components	O
shared	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
apps	O
in	O
Office	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
it	O
was	O
released	O
,	O
the	O
computer	O
press	O
reported	O
on	O
the	O
change	O
approvingly	O
:	O
"	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
4.0	O
has	O
been	O
re-engineered	O
from	O
the	O
ground	O
up	O
to	O
resemble	O
and	O
work	O
with	O
the	O
latest	O
applications	O
in	O
Office	O
:	O
Word	O
6.0	O
,	O
Excel	O
5.0	O
,	O
and	O
Access	O
2.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
integration	O
is	O
so	O
good	O
,	O
you	O
'll	O
have	O
to	O
look	O
twice	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
you	O
're	O
running	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
and	O
not	O
Word	O
or	O
Excel.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Office	O
integration	O
was	O
further	O
underscored	O
in	O
the	O
following	O
version	O
,	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
95	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
given	O
the	O
version	O
number	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
7.0	O
(	O
skipping	O
5.0	O
and	O
6.0	O
)	O
so	O
that	O
all	O
the	O
components	O
of	O
Office	O
would	O
share	O
the	O
same	O
major	O
version	O
number	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
by	O
this	O
point	O
had	O
become	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
integrated	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Office	I-Application
product	O
,	O
its	O
development	O
remained	O
in	O
Silicon	O
Valley	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Succeeding	O
versions	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
introduced	O
important	O
changes	O
,	O
particularly	O
version	O
12.0	O
(	O
2007	O
)	O
which	O
had	O
a	O
very	O
different	O
shared	O
Office	O
"	O
ribbon	O
"	O
user	O
interface	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
new	O
shared	O
Office	B-Operating_System
XML-based	I-Operating_System
file	I-Operating_System
format	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
marked	O
the	O
20th	O
anniversary	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Microsoft	O
held	O
an	O
event	O
to	O
commemorate	O
that	O
anniversary	O
at	O
its	O
Silicon	O
Valley	O
Campus	O
for	O
the	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
team	O
there	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Special	O
guests	O
were	O
Robert	O
Gaskins	O
,	O
Dennis	O
Austin	O
,	O
and	O
Thomas	O
Rudkin	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
featured	O
speaker	O
was	O
Jeff	O
Raikes	O
,	O
all	O
from	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
1.0	O
days	O
,	O
20	O
years	O
before	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
then	O
major	O
development	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
as	O
part	O
of	O
Office	O
has	O
continued	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
development	O
techniques	O
(	O
shared	O
across	O
Office	O
)	O
for	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
2016	O
have	O
made	O
it	O
possible	O
to	O
ship	O
versions	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
2016	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
Mac	O
,	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
and	O
web	O
access	O
nearly	O
simultaneously	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
release	O
new	O
features	O
on	O
an	O
almost	O
monthly	O
schedule	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPoint	B-Application
development	O
is	O
still	O
carried	O
out	O
in	O
Silicon	O
Valley	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2010	O
,	O
Jeff	O
Raikes	O
,	O
who	O
had	O
most	O
recently	O
been	O
President	O
of	O
the	O
Business	O
Division	O
of	O
Microsoft	O
(	O
including	O
responsibility	O
for	O
Office	O
)	O
,	O
observed	O
:	O
"	O
of	O
course	O
,	O
today	O
we	O
know	O
that	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
is	O
oftentimes	O
the	O
number	O
two	O
—	O
or	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
even	O
the	O
number	O
one	O
—	O
most-used	O
tool	O
"	O
among	O
the	O
applications	O
in	O
Office	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPoint	B-Application
's	O
initial	O
sales	O
were	O
about	O
40,000	O
copies	O
sold	O
in	O
1987	O
(	O
nine	O
months	O
)	O
,	O
about	O
85,000	O
copies	O
in	O
1988	O
,	O
and	O
about	O
100,000	O
copies	O
in	O
1989	O
,	O
all	O
for	O
Macintosh	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPoint	B-Application
's	O
market	O
share	O
in	O
its	O
first	O
three	O
years	O
was	O
a	O
tiny	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
presentation	O
market	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
very	O
heavily	O
dominated	O
by	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
applications	O
on	O
PCs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
market	O
leaders	O
on	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
in	O
1988	O
–	O
1989	O
were	O
Harvard	B-Protocol
Graphics	I-Protocol
(	O
introduced	O
by	O
Software	O
Publishing	O
in	O
1986	O
)	O
in	O
first	O
place	O
,	O
and	O
Lotus	B-Operating_System
Freelance	I-Operating_System
Plus	I-Operating_System
(	O
also	O
introduced	O
in	O
1986	O
)	O
as	O
a	O
strong	O
second	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
were	O
competing	O
with	O
more	B-Application
than	O
a	O
dozen	O
other	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
presentation	O
products	O
,	O
and	O
Microsoft	O
did	O
not	O
develop	O
a	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
version	O
for	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
three	O
years	O
,	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
sales	O
were	O
disappointing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jeff	O
Raikes	O
,	O
who	O
had	O
bought	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
for	O
Microsoft	O
,	O
later	O
recalled	O
:	O
"	O
By	O
1990	O
,	O
it	O
looked	O
like	O
it	O
was	O
n't	O
a	O
very	O
smart	O
idea	O
[	O
for	O
Microsoft	O
to	O
have	O
acquired	O
PowerPoint ]	O
,	O
because	O
not	O
very	O
many	O
people	O
were	O
using	O
PowerPoint.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
began	O
to	O
change	O
when	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
2.0	O
,	O
brought	O
sales	O
up	O
to	O
about	O
200,000	O
copies	O
in	O
1990	O
and	O
to	O
about	O
375,000	O
copies	O
in	O
1991	O
,	O
with	O
Windows	B-Application
units	O
outselling	O
Macintosh	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPoint	B-Application
sold	O
about	O
1million	O
copies	O
in	O
1992	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
about	O
80	O
percent	O
were	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
and	O
about	O
20	O
percent	O
for	O
Macintosh	B-Device
,	O
and	O
in	O
1992	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
's	O
market	O
share	O
of	O
worldwide	O
presentation	O
graphics	O
software	O
sales	O
was	O
reported	O
as	O
63	O
percent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
last	O
six	O
months	O
of	O
1992	O
,	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
revenue	O
was	O
running	O
at	O
a	O
rate	O
of	O
over	O
$100million	O
annually	O
( $	O
in	O
present-day	O
terms	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sales	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
3.0	O
doubled	O
to	O
about	O
2million	O
copies	O
in	O
1993	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
about	O
90	O
percent	O
were	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
and	O
about	O
10	O
percent	O
for	O
Macintosh	B-Device
,	O
and	O
in	O
1993	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
's	O
market	O
share	O
of	O
worldwide	O
presentation	O
graphics	O
software	O
sales	O
was	O
reported	O
as	O
78	O
percent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
1997	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
sales	O
had	O
doubled	O
again	O
,	O
to	O
more	B-Application
than	O
4million	O
copies	O
annually	O
,	O
representing	O
85	O
percent	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
in	O
1997	O
,	O
an	O
internal	O
publication	O
from	O
the	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
group	O
said	O
that	O
by	O
then	O
over	O
20million	O
copies	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
were	O
in	O
use	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
total	O
revenues	O
from	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
over	O
its	O
first	O
ten	O
years	O
(	O
1987	O
to	O
1996	O
)	O
had	O
already	O
exceeded	O
$1billion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
,	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
's	O
market	O
share	O
of	O
total	O
world	O
presentation	B-Application
software	I-Application
has	O
been	O
estimated	O
at	O
95	O
percent	O
by	O
both	O
industry	O
and	O
academic	O
sources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
earliest	O
version	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
(	O
1987	O
for	O
Macintosh	B-Device
)	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
print	O
black	O
and	O
white	O
pages	O
to	O
be	O
photocopied	O
onto	O
sheets	O
of	O
transparent	O
film	O
for	O
projection	O
from	O
overhead	B-Device
projectors	I-Device
,	O
and	O
to	O
print	O
speaker	O
's	O
notes	O
and	O
audience	O
handouts	O
;	O
the	O
next	O
version	O
(	O
1988	O
for	O
Macintosh	B-Device
,	O
1990	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
)	O
was	O
extended	O
to	O
also	O
produce	O
color	O
35mm	O
slides	O
by	O
communicating	O
a	O
file	O
over	O
a	O
modem	O
to	O
a	O
Genigraphics	O
imaging	O
center	O
with	O
slides	O
returned	O
by	O
overnight	O
delivery	O
for	O
projection	O
from	O
slide	B-Device
projectors	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPoint	B-Application
was	O
used	O
for	O
planning	O
and	O
preparing	O
a	O
presentation	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
for	O
delivering	O
it	O
(	O
apart	O
from	O
previewing	O
it	O
on	O
a	O
computer	O
screen	O
,	O
or	O
distributing	O
printed	O
paper	O
copies	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
operation	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
changed	O
substantially	O
in	O
its	O
third	O
version	O
(	O
1992	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
and	O
Macintosh	B-Device
)	O
,	O
when	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
was	O
extended	O
to	O
also	O
deliver	O
a	O
presentation	O
by	O
producing	O
direct	O
video	O
output	O
to	O
digital	B-Device
projectors	I-Device
or	O
large	O
monitors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1992	O
video	B-Device
projection	I-Device
of	O
presentations	O
was	O
rare	O
and	O
expensive	O
,	O
and	O
practically	O
unknown	O
from	O
a	O
laptop	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Robert	O
Gaskins	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
creators	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
,	O
says	O
he	O
publicly	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
use	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
at	O
a	O
large	O
Microsoft	O
meeting	O
held	O
in	O
Paris	O
on	O
February	O
25	O
,	O
1992	O
,	O
by	O
using	O
an	O
unreleased	O
development	O
build	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
3.0	O
running	O
on	O
an	O
early	O
pre-production	O
sample	O
of	O
a	O
powerful	O
new	O
color	O
laptop	O
and	O
feeding	O
a	O
professional	B-General_Concept
auditorium	I-General_Concept
video	I-General_Concept
projector	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
the	O
meaning	O
of	O
"	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
presentation	O
"	O
narrowed	O
to	O
mean	O
specifically	O
digital	O
projection	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contemporary	O
operation	O
,	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
is	O
used	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
file	O
(	O
called	O
a	O
"	O
presentation	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
deck	O
"	O
)	O
containing	O
a	O
sequence	O
of	O
pages	O
(	O
called	O
"	O
slides	O
"	O
in	O
the	O
app	O
)	O
which	O
usually	O
have	O
a	O
consistent	O
style	O
(	O
from	O
template	O
masters	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
which	O
may	O
contain	O
information	O
imported	O
from	O
other	O
apps	O
or	O
created	O
in	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
,	O
including	O
text	O
,	O
bullet	O
lists	O
,	O
tables	O
,	O
charts	O
,	O
drawn	O
shapes	O
,	O
images	O
,	O
audio	O
clips	O
,	O
video	O
clips	O
,	O
animations	O
of	O
elements	O
,	O
and	O
animated	O
transitions	O
between	O
slides	O
,	O
plus	O
attached	O
notes	O
for	O
each	O
slide	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Video	O
is	O
sent	O
from	O
the	O
computer	O
to	O
one	O
or	O
more	B-Application
external	O
digital	B-Device
projectors	I-Device
or	O
monitors	O
,	O
showing	O
only	O
the	O
current	O
slide	O
to	O
the	O
audience	O
,	O
with	O
sequencing	O
controlled	O
by	O
the	O
speaker	O
at	O
the	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
smartphone	O
remote	O
control	O
built	O
in	O
to	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
for	O
iOS	B-Application
(	O
optionally	O
controlled	O
from	O
Apple	O
Watch	O
)	O
and	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
allows	O
the	O
presenter	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
show	O
from	O
elsewhere	O
in	O
the	O
room	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
a	O
computer	O
slide	O
show	O
projected	O
to	O
a	O
live	O
audience	O
by	O
a	O
speaker	O
,	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
deliver	O
a	O
presentation	O
in	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
other	O
ways	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
these	O
ways	O
of	O
using	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
have	O
been	O
studied	O
by	O
JoAnne	O
Yates	O
and	O
Wanda	O
Orlikowski	O
of	O
the	O
MIT	O
Sloan	O
School	O
of	O
Management	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
found	O
that	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
ways	O
of	O
using	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
could	O
influence	O
the	O
content	O
of	O
presentations	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
when	O
"	O
the	O
slides	O
themselves	O
have	O
to	O
carry	O
more	B-Application
of	O
the	O
substance	O
of	O
the	O
presentation	O
,	O
and	O
thus	O
need	O
considerably	O
more	B-Application
content	O
than	O
they	O
would	O
have	O
if	O
they	O
were	O
intended	O
for	O
projection	O
by	O
a	O
speaker	O
who	O
would	O
orally	O
provide	O
additional	O
details	O
and	O
nuance	O
about	O
content	O
and	O
context.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPoint	B-Application
Mobile	O
is	O
included	O
with	O
Windows	B-Application
Mobile	O
5.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
presentation	B-Application
program	I-Application
capable	O
of	O
reading	O
and	O
editing	O
Microsoft	B-Application
PowerPoint	I-Application
presentations	O
,	O
although	O
authoring	O
abilities	O
are	O
limited	O
to	O
adding	O
notes	O
,	O
editing	O
text	O
,	O
and	O
rearranging	O
slides	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versions	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
Mobile	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
Phone	O
7	O
can	O
also	O
watch	O
presentation	O
broadcasts	O
streamed	O
from	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
released	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
Mobile	O
for	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
as	O
a	O
universal	O
app	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
version	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
users	O
can	O
create	O
and	O
edit	O
new	O
presentations	O
,	O
present	O
,	O
and	O
share	O
their	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
documents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPoint	B-Application
for	O
the	O
web	O
is	O
a	O
free	O
lightweight	O
version	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Application
PowerPoint	I-Application
available	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
Office	O
on	O
the	O
web	O
,	O
which	O
also	O
includes	O
web	O
versions	O
of	O
Microsoft	O
Excel	O
and	O
Microsoft	O
Word	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPoint	B-Application
for	O
the	O
web	O
does	O
not	O
support	O
inserting	O
or	O
editing	O
charts	O
,	O
equations	O
,	O
or	O
audio	O
or	O
video	O
stored	O
on	O
your	O
PC	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
are	O
all	O
displayed	O
in	O
the	O
presentation	O
if	O
they	O
were	O
added	O
in	O
using	O
a	O
desktop	O
app	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
elements	O
,	O
like	O
WordArt	O
effects	O
or	O
more	B-Application
advanced	O
animations	O
and	O
transitions	O
,	O
are	O
not	O
displayed	O
at	O
all	O
,	O
although	O
they	O
are	O
preserved	O
in	O
the	O
document	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPoint	B-Application
for	O
the	O
web	O
also	O
lacks	O
the	O
Outline	O
,	O
Master	O
,	O
Slide	O
Sorter	O
,	O
and	O
Presenter	O
views	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
desktop	O
app	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
having	O
limited	O
printing	O
options	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPoint	B-Application
was	O
originally	O
targeted	O
just	O
for	O
business	O
presentations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Business	O
people	O
had	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
made	O
presentations	O
for	O
sales	O
calls	O
and	O
for	O
internal	O
company	O
communications	O
,	O
and	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
produced	O
the	O
same	O
formats	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
style	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
same	O
purposes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPoint	B-Application
use	O
in	O
business	O
grew	O
over	O
its	O
first	O
five	O
years	O
(	O
1987-1992	O
)	O
to	O
sales	O
of	O
about	O
1	O
million	O
copies	O
annually	O
,	O
for	O
worldwide	O
market	O
share	O
of	O
63	O
percent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Over	O
the	O
following	O
five	O
years	O
(	O
1992-1997	O
)	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
sales	O
accelerated	O
,	O
to	O
a	O
rate	O
of	O
about	O
4	O
million	O
copies	O
annually	O
,	O
for	O
worldwide	O
market	O
share	O
of	O
85	O
percent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
increase	O
in	O
business	O
use	O
has	O
been	O
attributed	O
to	O
"	O
network	O
effects	O
,	O
"	O
whereby	O
additional	O
users	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
in	O
a	O
company	O
or	O
an	O
industry	O
increased	O
its	O
salience	O
and	O
value	O
to	O
other	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Not	O
everyone	O
immediately	O
approved	O
of	O
the	O
greater	O
use	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
for	O
presentations	O
,	O
even	O
in	O
business	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CEOs	O
who	O
very	O
early	O
were	O
reported	O
to	O
discourage	O
or	O
ban	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
presentations	O
at	O
internal	O
business	O
meetings	O
included	O
Lou	O
Gerstner	O
(	O
at	O
IBM	O
,	O
in	O
1993	O
)	O
,	O
Scott	O
McNealy	O
(	O
at	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
,	O
in	O
1996	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Steve	O
Jobs	O
(	O
at	O
Apple	O
,	O
in	O
1997	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
even	O
so	O
,	O
Rich	O
Gold	O
,	O
a	O
scholar	O
who	O
studied	O
corporate	O
presentation	O
use	O
at	O
Xerox	O
PARC	O
,	O
could	O
write	O
in	O
1999	O
:	O
"	O
Within	O
today	O
's	O
corporation	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
want	O
to	O
communicate	O
an	O
idea	O
...	O
you	O
use	O
PowerPoint.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
that	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
was	O
becoming	O
dominant	O
in	O
business	O
settings	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
also	O
being	O
adopted	O
for	O
uses	O
beyond	O
business	O
:	O
"	O
Personal	O
computing	O
...	O
scaled	O
up	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
presentations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1998	O
,	O
at	O
about	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
that	O
Gold	O
was	O
pronouncing	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
's	O
ubiquity	O
in	O
business	O
,	O
the	O
influential	O
Bell	O
Labs	O
engineer	O
Robert	O
W	O
.	O
Lucky	O
could	O
already	O
write	O
about	O
broader	O
uses	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Over	O
a	O
decade	O
or	O
so	O
,	O
beginning	O
in	O
the	O
mid	O
1990s	O
,	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
began	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
many	O
communication	O
situations	O
,	O
well	O
beyond	O
its	O
original	O
business	O
presentation	O
uses	O
,	O
to	O
include	O
teaching	O
in	O
schools	O
and	O
in	O
universities	O
,	O
lecturing	O
in	O
scientific	O
meetings	O
(	O
and	O
preparing	O
their	O
related	O
poster	O
sessions	O
)	O
,	O
worshipping	O
in	O
churches	O
,	O
making	O
legal	O
arguments	O
in	O
courtrooms	O
,	O
displaying	O
supertitles	O
in	O
theaters	O
,	O
driving	O
helmet-mounted	O
displays	O
in	O
spacesuits	O
for	O
NASA	O
astronauts	O
,	O
giving	O
military	O
briefings	O
,	O
issuing	O
governmental	O
reports	O
,	O
undertaking	O
diplomatic	O
negotiations	O
,	O
writing	O
novels	O
,	O
giving	O
architectural	O
demonstrations	O
,	O
prototyping	O
website	O
designs	O
,	O
creating	O
animated	O
video	O
games	O
,	O
creating	O
art	O
projects	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
as	O
a	O
substitute	O
for	O
writing	O
engineering	O
technical	O
reports	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
an	O
organizing	O
tool	O
for	O
writing	O
general	O
business	O
documents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
2003	O
,	O
it	O
seemed	O
that	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
was	O
being	O
used	O
everywhere	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
uses	O
broadened	O
,	O
cultural	O
awareness	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
grew	O
and	O
commentary	O
about	O
it	O
began	O
to	O
appear	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
With	O
the	O
widespread	O
adoption	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
came	O
complaints	O
...	O
often	O
very	O
general	O
statements	O
reflecting	O
dissatisfaction	O
with	O
modern	O
media	O
and	O
communication	O
practices	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
dysfunctions	O
of	O
organizational	O
culture.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Indications	O
of	O
this	O
awareness	O
included	O
increasing	O
mentions	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
use	O
in	O
the	O
Dilbert	O
comic	O
strips	O
of	O
Scott	O
Adams	O
,	O
comic	O
parodies	O
of	O
poor	O
or	O
inappropriate	O
use	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Gettysburg	O
Address	O
in	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
or	O
summaries	O
of	O
Shakespeare	O
's	O
Hamlet	O
and	O
Nabokov	O
's	O
Lolita	O
in	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
,	O
and	O
a	O
vast	O
number	O
of	O
publications	O
on	O
the	O
general	O
subject	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
,	O
especially	O
about	O
how	O
to	O
use	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Out	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
analyses	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
over	O
a	O
quarter	O
of	O
a	O
century	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
three	O
general	O
themes	O
emerged	O
as	O
categories	O
of	O
reaction	O
to	O
its	O
broader	O
use	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
"	O
Use	O
it	O
less	O
"	O
:	O
avoid	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
in	O
favor	O
of	O
alternatives	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
using	O
more-complex	O
graphics	O
and	O
written	O
prose	O
,	O
or	O
using	O
nothing	O
;	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
"	O
Use	O
it	O
differently	O
"	O
:	O
make	O
a	O
major	O
change	O
to	O
a	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
style	O
that	O
is	O
simpler	O
and	O
pictorial	O
,	O
turning	O
the	O
presentation	O
toward	O
a	O
performance	O
,	O
more	B-Application
like	O
a	O
Steve	O
Jobs	O
keynote	B-Protocol
;	O
and	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
"	O
Use	O
it	O
better	O
"	O
:	O
retain	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
conventional	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
style	O
but	O
learn	O
to	O
avoid	O
making	O
many	O
kinds	O
of	O
mistakes	O
that	O
can	O
interfere	O
with	O
communication	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
early	O
reaction	O
was	O
that	O
the	O
broader	O
use	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
was	O
a	O
mistake	O
,	O
and	O
should	O
be	O
reversed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2003	O
,	O
he	O
published	O
a	O
widely-read	O
booklet	O
titled	O
The	O
Cognitive	O
Style	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
,	O
revised	O
in	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tufte	O
found	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
problems	O
with	O
the	O
"	O
cognitive	O
style	O
"	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
,	O
many	O
of	O
which	O
he	O
attributed	O
to	O
the	O
standard	O
default	O
style	O
templates	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Tufte	O
particularly	O
advised	O
against	O
using	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
for	O
reporting	O
scientific	O
analyses	O
,	O
using	O
as	O
a	O
dramatic	O
example	O
some	O
slides	O
made	O
during	O
the	O
flight	O
of	O
the	O
space	O
shuttle	O
Columbia	O
after	O
it	O
had	O
been	O
damaged	O
by	O
an	O
accident	O
at	O
liftoff	O
,	O
slides	O
which	O
poorly	O
communicated	O
the	O
engineers	O
 '	O
limited	O
understanding	O
of	O
what	O
had	O
happened	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
such	O
technical	O
presentations	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
most	O
occasions	O
apart	O
from	O
its	O
initial	O
domain	O
of	O
sales	O
presentations	O
,	O
Tufte	O
advised	O
against	O
using	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
at	O
all	O
;	O
in	O
many	O
situations	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
Tufte	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
better	O
to	O
substitute	O
high-resolution	O
graphics	O
or	O
concise	O
prose	O
documents	O
as	O
handouts	O
for	O
the	O
audience	O
to	O
study	O
and	O
discuss	O
,	O
providing	O
a	O
great	O
deal	O
more	B-Application
detail	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
commentators	O
enthusiastically	O
joined	O
in	O
Tufte	O
's	O
vivid	O
criticism	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
uses	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
a	O
conference	O
held	O
in	O
2013	O
(	O
a	O
decade	O
after	O
Tufte	O
's	O
booklet	O
appeared	O
)	O
one	O
paper	O
claimed	O
that	O
"	O
Despite	O
all	O
the	O
criticism	O
about	O
his	O
work	O
,	O
Tufte	O
can	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
the	O
single	O
most	O
influential	O
author	O
in	O
the	O
discourse	O
on	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
were	O
also	O
others	O
who	O
disagreed	O
with	O
Tufte	O
's	O
assertion	O
that	O
the	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
program	O
reduces	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
presenters	O
 '	O
thoughts	O
:	O
Steven	O
Pinker	O
,	O
professor	O
of	O
psychology	O
at	O
MIT	O
and	O
later	O
Harvard	O
,	O
had	O
earlier	O
argued	O
that	O
"	O
If	O
anything	O
,	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
,	O
if	O
used	O
well	O
,	O
would	O
ideally	O
reflect	O
the	O
way	O
we	O
think.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Pinker	O
later	O
reinforced	O
this	O
opinion	O
:	O
"	O
Any	O
general	O
opposition	O
to	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
is	O
just	O
dumb	O
,	O
...	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
's	O
like	O
denouncing	O
lectures	O
—	O
before	O
there	O
were	O
awful	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
presentations	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
awful	O
scripted	O
lectures	O
,	O
unscripted	O
lectures	O
,	O
slide	O
shows	O
,	O
chalk	O
talks	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
on.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
second	O
reaction	O
to	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
use	O
was	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
can	O
be	O
used	O
well	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
by	O
substantially	O
changing	O
its	O
style	O
of	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
reaction	O
is	O
exemplified	O
by	O
Richard	O
E	O
.	O
Mayer	O
,	O
a	O
professor	O
of	O
psychology	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
California	O
,	O
Santa	O
Barbara	O
,	O
who	O
has	O
studied	O
cognition	O
and	O
learning	O
,	O
particularly	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
educational	O
multimedia	O
,	O
and	O
who	O
has	O
published	O
more	B-Application
than	O
500	O
publications	O
,	O
including	O
over	O
30	O
books	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mayer	O
's	O
theme	O
has	O
been	O
that	O
"	O
In	O
light	O
of	O
the	O
science	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
up	O
to	O
us	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
fundamental	O
shift	O
in	O
our	O
thinking	O
—	O
we	O
can	O
no	O
longer	O
expect	O
people	O
to	O
struggle	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
adapt	O
to	O
our	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
habits	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
to	O
change	O
our	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
habits	O
to	O
align	O
with	O
the	O
way	O
people	O
learn.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Tufte	O
had	O
argued	O
his	O
judgment	O
that	O
the	O
information	O
density	O
of	O
text	O
on	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
slides	O
was	O
too	O
low	O
,	O
perhaps	O
only	O
40	O
words	O
on	O
a	O
slide	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
over-simplified	O
messages	O
;	O
Mayer	O
responded	O
that	O
his	O
empirical	O
research	O
showed	O
exactly	O
the	O
opposite	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
text	O
on	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
slides	O
was	O
usually	O
too	O
high	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
even	O
fewer	O
than	O
40	O
words	O
on	O
a	O
slide	O
resulted	O
in	O
"	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
overload	O
"	O
that	O
impeded	O
understanding	O
during	O
presentations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mayer	O
suggested	O
a	O
few	O
major	O
changes	O
from	O
traditional	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
formats	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
showing	O
more	B-Application
slides	O
but	O
simpler	O
ones	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
using	O
larger	O
,	O
higher-quality	O
,	O
and	O
more	B-Application
important	O
graphics	O
and	O
photographs	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
Steve	O
Jobs	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
using	O
Apple	O
's	O
Keynote	B-Protocol
which	O
was	O
designed	O
for	O
Jobs	O
's	O
own	O
slide	O
shows	O
beginning	O
in	O
2003	O
,	O
but	O
Gallo	O
says	O
that	O
"	O
speaking	O
like	O
Jobs	O
has	O
little	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
presentation	B-Application
software	I-Application
you	O
use	O
(	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
,	O
Keynote	B-Protocol
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
...	O
all	O
the	O
techniques	O
apply	O
equally	O
to	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
and	O
Keynote.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Gallo	O
adds	O
that	O
"	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
has	O
one	O
big	O
advantage	O
over	O
Apple	O
's	O
Keynote	B-Protocol
presentation	O
it	O
's	O
everywhere	O
...	O
it	O
's	O
safe	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
Keynote	B-Protocol
presentations	O
is	O
minuscule	O
in	O
comparison	O
with	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
most	O
presentation	O
designers	O
who	O
are	O
familiar	O
with	O
both	O
formats	O
prefer	O
to	O
work	O
in	O
the	O
more	B-Application
elegant	O
Keynote	B-Protocol
system	O
,	O
those	O
same	O
designers	O
will	O
tell	O
you	O
that	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
their	O
client	O
work	O
is	O
done	O
in	O
PowerPoint.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Consistent	O
with	O
its	O
association	O
with	O
Steve	O
Jobs	O
's	O
keynotes	B-Protocol
,	O
a	O
response	O
to	O
this	O
style	O
has	O
been	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
particularly	O
effective	O
for	O
"	O
ballroom-style	O
presentations	O
"	O
(	O
as	O
often	O
given	O
in	O
conference	O
center	O
ballrooms	O
)	O
where	O
a	O
celebrated	O
and	O
practiced	O
speaker	O
addresses	O
a	O
large	O
passive	O
audience	O
,	O
but	O
less	O
appropriate	O
for	O
"	O
conference	O
room-style	O
presentations	O
"	O
which	O
are	O
often	O
recurring	O
internal	O
business	O
meetings	O
for	O
in-depth	O
discussion	O
with	O
motivated	O
counterparts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
third	O
reaction	O
to	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
use	O
was	O
to	O
conclude	O
that	O
the	O
standard	O
style	O
is	O
capable	O
of	O
being	O
used	O
well	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
many	O
small	O
points	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
executed	O
carefully	O
,	O
to	O
avoid	O
impeding	O
understanding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
reports	O
that	O
his	O
experiments	O
support	O
the	O
idea	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
intuitive	O
or	O
obvious	O
how	O
to	O
create	O
effective	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
presentations	O
that	O
conform	O
to	O
those	O
agreed	O
principles	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
even	O
small	O
differences	O
that	O
might	O
not	O
seem	O
significant	O
to	O
a	O
presenter	O
can	O
produce	O
very	O
different	O
results	O
in	O
audiences	O
 '	O
understanding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Among	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
examples	O
were	O
"	O
Bulleted	O
items	O
are	O
not	O
presented	O
individually	O
,	O
growing	O
the	O
list	O
from	O
the	O
top	O
to	O
the	O
bottom	O
,	O
"	O
"	O
More	B-Application
than	O
four	O
bulleted	O
items	O
appear	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
list	O
,	O
"	O
"	O
More	B-Application
than	O
two	O
lines	O
are	O
used	O
per	O
bulleted	O
sentence	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
Words	O
are	O
not	O
large	O
enough	O
(	O
i.e.	O
,	O
greater	O
than	O
20	O
point	O
)	O
to	O
be	O
easily	O
seen.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Kosslyn	O
observes	O
that	O
these	O
findings	O
could	O
help	O
to	O
explain	O
why	O
the	O
many	O
studies	O
of	O
the	O
instructional	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
have	O
been	O
inconclusive	O
and	O
conflicting	O
,	O
if	O
there	O
were	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
the	O
presentations	O
tested	O
in	O
different	O
studies	O
that	O
went	O
unobserved	O
because	O
"	O
many	O
may	O
feel	O
that	O
'	O
good	O
design	O
 '	O
is	O
intuitively	O
clear.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2007	O
Kosslyn	O
wrote	O
a	O
book	O
about	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
,	O
in	O
which	O
he	O
suggested	O
a	O
very	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
fairly	O
modest	O
changes	O
to	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
styles	O
and	O
gave	O
advice	O
on	O
recommended	O
ways	O
of	O
using	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
later	O
second	O
book	O
about	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
he	O
suggested	O
nearly	O
150	O
clarifying	O
style	O
changes	O
(	O
in	O
fewer	O
than	O
150	O
pages	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2017	O
,	O
an	O
online	O
poll	O
of	O
social	O
media	O
users	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
was	O
reported	O
to	O
show	O
that	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
"	O
remains	O
as	O
popular	O
with	O
young	O
tech-savvy	O
users	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
with	O
the	O
Baby	O
Boomers	O
,	O
"	O
with	O
about	O
four	O
out	O
of	O
five	O
saying	O
that	O
"	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
was	O
a	O
great	O
tool	O
for	O
making	O
presentations	O
,	O
"	O
in	O
part	O
because	O
"	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
,	O
with	O
its	O
capacity	O
to	O
be	O
highly	O
visual	O
,	O
bridges	O
the	O
wordy	O
world	O
of	O
yesterday	O
with	O
the	O
visual	O
future	O
of	O
tomorrow.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Use	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
by	O
the	O
U.S.	O
military	O
services	O
began	O
slowly	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
were	O
invested	O
in	O
mainframe	O
computers	O
,	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
PCs	O
and	O
specialized	O
military-specification	O
graphic	O
output	O
devices	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
which	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
did	O
not	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
strong	O
military	O
tradition	O
of	O
presenting	O
briefings	O
,	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
they	O
acquired	O
the	O
computers	O
needed	O
to	O
run	O
it	O
,	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
became	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	O
military	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
2000	O
,	O
ten	O
years	O
after	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
for	O
Windows	B-Application
appeared	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
already	O
identified	O
as	O
an	O
important	O
feature	O
of	O
U.S.	O
armed	O
forces	O
culture	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
front-page	O
story	O
in	O
the	O
Wall	O
Street	O
Journal	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
U.S.	O
military	O
use	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
may	O
have	O
influenced	O
its	O
use	O
by	O
armed	O
forces	O
of	O
other	O
countries	O
:	O
"	O
Foreign	O
armed	O
services	O
also	O
are	O
beginning	O
to	O
get	O
in	O
on	O
the	O
act	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
'	O
You	O
ca	O
n't	O
speak	O
with	O
the	O
U.S.	O
military	O
without	O
knowing	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
,	O
'	O
says	O
Margaret	O
Hayes	O
,	O
an	O
instructor	O
at	O
National	O
Defense	O
University	O
in	O
Washington	O
D.C.	O
,	O
who	O
teaches	O
Latin	O
American	O
military	O
officers	O
how	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
software.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
another	O
10	O
years	O
,	O
in	O
2010	O
(	O
and	O
again	O
on	O
its	O
front	O
page	O
)	O
the	O
New	O
York	O
Times	O
reported	O
that	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
use	O
in	O
the	O
military	O
was	O
then	O
"	O
a	O
military	O
tool	O
that	O
has	O
spun	O
out	O
of	O
control	O
"	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
New	O
York	O
Times	O
account	O
went	O
on	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
some	O
U.S.	O
generals	O
had	O
banned	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
in	O
their	O
operations	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
incidents	O
,	O
about	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
gave	O
wide	O
currency	O
to	O
discussions	O
by	O
serving	O
military	O
officers	O
describing	O
excessive	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
use	O
and	O
the	O
organizational	O
culture	O
that	O
encouraged	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
New	O
York	O
Times	O
story	O
,	O
Peter	O
Norvig	O
and	O
Stephen	O
M	O
.	O
Kosslyn	O
sent	O
a	O
joint	O
letter	O
to	O
the	O
editor	O
stressing	O
the	O
institutional	O
culture	O
of	O
the	O
military	O
:	O
"	O
...	O
many	O
military	O
personnel	O
bemoan	O
the	O
overuse	O
and	O
misuse	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
two	O
generals	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
mentioned	O
in	O
2010	O
as	O
opposing	O
the	O
institutional	O
culture	O
of	O
excessive	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
use	O
were	O
both	O
in	O
the	O
news	O
again	O
in	O
2017	O
,	O
when	O
James	O
N	O
.	O
Mattis	O
became	O
U.S.	O
Secretary	O
of	O
Defense	O
,	O
and	O
H	O
.	O
R	O
.	O
McMaster	O
was	O
appointed	O
as	O
U.S.	O
National	O
Security	O
Advisor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Musician	O
David	O
Byrne	O
has	O
been	O
using	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
as	O
a	O
medium	O
for	O
art	O
for	O
years	O
,	O
producing	O
a	O
book	O
and	O
DVD	O
and	O
showing	O
at	O
galleries	O
his	O
PowerPoint-based	O
artwork	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Byrne	O
has	O
written	O
:	O
"	O
I	O
have	O
been	O
working	O
with	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
,	O
the	O
ubiquitous	O
presentation	B-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
as	O
an	O
art	O
medium	O
for	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2005	O
Byrne	O
toured	O
with	O
a	O
theater	O
piece	O
styled	O
as	O
a	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
presentation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
he	O
presented	O
it	O
in	O
Berkeley	O
,	O
on	O
March	O
8	O
,	O
2005	O
,	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
California	O
news	O
service	O
reported	O
:	O
"	O
Byrne	O
also	O
defended	O
its	O
 [ PowerPoint's ] 	O
appeal	O
as	O
more	B-Application
than	O
just	O
a	O
business	O
tool	O
—	O
as	O
a	O
medium	O
for	O
art	O
and	O
theater	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
His	O
talk	O
was	O
titled	O
'	O
I	O
♥	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
 '	O
...	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Eventually	O
,	O
Byrne	O
said	O
,	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
could	O
be	O
the	O
foundation	O
for	O
'	O
presentational	O
theater	O
,	O
'	O
with	O
roots	O
in	O
Brechtian	O
drama	O
and	O
Asian	O
puppet	O
theater.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
that	O
performance	O
,	O
Byrne	O
described	O
it	O
in	O
his	O
own	O
online	O
journal	O
:	O
"	O
Did	O
the	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
talk	O
in	O
Berkeley	O
for	O
an	O
audience	O
of	O
IT	O
legends	O
and	O
academics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
guys	O
that	O
originally	O
turned	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
into	O
a	O
program	O
were	O
there	O
,	O
what	O
were	O
THEY	O
gonna	O
think	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
...	O
 [ Gaskins ] 	O
did	O
tell	O
me	O
afterwards	O
that	O
he	O
liked	O
the	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
as	O
theater	O
idea	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
a	O
relief.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
expressions	O
"	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
Art	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
pptArt	O
"	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
define	O
a	O
contemporary	O
Italian	O
artistic	O
movement	O
which	O
believes	O
that	O
the	O
corporate	O
world	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
unique	O
and	O
exceptional	O
source	O
of	O
inspiration	O
for	O
the	O
artist	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
say	O
:	O
"	O
The	O
pptArt	O
name	O
refers	O
to	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
,	O
the	O
symbolic	O
and	O
abstract	O
language	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
corporate	O
world	O
which	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
universal	O
and	O
highly	O
symbolic	O
communication	O
system	O
beyond	O
cultures	O
and	O
borders.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
wide	O
use	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
had	O
,	O
by	O
2010	O
,	O
given	O
rise	O
to	O
"	O
...	O
a	O
subculture	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
enthusiasts	O
 [ that ] 	O
is	O
teaching	O
the	O
old	O
application	O
new	O
tricks	O
,	O
and	O
may	O
even	O
be	O
turning	O
a	O
dry	O
presentation	O
format	O
into	O
a	O
full-fledged	O
artistic	O
medium	O
,	O
"	O
by	O
using	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
animation	O
to	O
create	O
"	O
games	O
,	O
artworks	O
,	O
anime	O
,	O
and	O
movies.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPoint	B-Application
Viewer	O
is	O
the	O
name	O
for	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
small	O
free	O
application	O
programs	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
on	O
computers	O
without	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
installed	O
,	O
to	O
view	O
,	O
project	O
,	O
or	O
print	O
(	O
but	O
not	O
create	O
or	O
edit	O
)	O
presentations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
version	O
was	O
introduced	O
with	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
3.0	O
in	O
1992	O
,	O
to	O
enable	O
electronic	O
presentations	O
to	O
be	O
projected	O
using	O
conference-room	O
computers	O
and	O
to	O
be	O
freely	O
distributed	O
;	O
on	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
it	O
took	O
advantage	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
feature	O
of	O
embedding	O
TrueType	O
fonts	O
within	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
presentation	O
files	O
to	O
make	O
such	O
distribution	O
easier	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
same	O
kind	O
of	O
viewer	O
app	O
was	O
shipped	O
with	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
3.0	O
for	O
Macintosh	B-Device
,	O
also	O
in	O
1992	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Beginning	O
with	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
2003	I-Application
,	O
a	O
feature	O
called	O
"	O
Package	O
for	O
CD	O
"	O
automatically	O
managed	O
all	O
linked	O
video	O
and	O
audio	O
files	O
plus	O
needed	O
fonts	O
when	O
exporting	O
a	O
presentation	O
to	O
a	O
disk	O
or	O
flash	O
drive	O
or	O
network	O
location	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
included	O
a	O
copy	O
of	O
a	O
revised	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
Viewer	O
application	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
result	O
could	O
be	O
presented	O
on	O
other	O
PCs	O
without	O
installing	O
anything	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
latest	O
version	O
that	O
runs	O
on	O
Windows	B-Application
"	O
was	O
created	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
2010	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
view	O
newer	O
presentations	O
created	O
in	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
2013	O
and	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
...	O
All	O
transitions	O
,	O
videos	O
and	O
effects	O
appear	O
and	O
behave	O
the	O
same	O
when	O
viewed	O
using	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
Viewer	O
as	O
they	O
do	O
when	O
viewed	O
in	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
2010.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
supports	O
presentations	O
created	O
using	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
97	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
latest	O
version	O
that	O
runs	O
on	O
Macintosh	B-Device
is	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
98	O
Viewer	O
for	O
the	O
Classic	B-Application
Mac	I-Application
OS	I-Application
and	O
Classic	O
Environment	O
,	O
for	O
Macs	O
supporting	O
System	O
7.5	O
to	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
Tiger	I-Application
(	O
10.4	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
open	O
presentations	O
only	O
from	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
3.0	O
,	O
4.0	O
,	O
and	O
8.0	O
(	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
98	O
)	O
,	O
although	O
presentations	O
created	O
on	O
Mac	O
can	O
be	O
opened	O
in	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
Viewer	O
on	O
Windows	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
the	O
last	O
versions	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
Viewer	O
for	O
all	O
platforms	O
have	O
been	O
retired	O
by	O
Microsoft	O
;	O
they	O
are	O
no	O
longer	O
available	O
for	O
download	O
and	O
no	O
longer	O
receive	O
security	O
updates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
final	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
Viewer	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
(	O
2010	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
final	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
Viewer	O
for	O
Classic	B-Application
Mac	I-Application
OS	I-Application
(	O
1998	O
)	O
are	O
available	O
only	O
from	O
archives	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
recommended	O
replacements	O
for	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
Viewer	O
:	O
"	O
On	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
PCs	O
,	O
download	O
the	O
free	O
...	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
Mobile	O
application	O
from	O
the	O
Windows	B-Application
Store	I-Application
,	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
On	O
Windows	B-Application
7	O
or	O
Windows	B-Application
8/8.1	O
PCs	O
,	O
upload	O
the	O
file	O
to	O
OneDrive	O
and	O
view	O
it	O
for	O
free	O
using	O
...	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
Online.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
release	O
historyDateNameVersionSystemCommentsPowerPointMacintoshShipped	O
by	O
Forethought	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
Report	O
of	O
Seybold	O
conference	O
in	O
late	O
September	O
1987	O
where	O
Microsoft	O
introduced	O
relabeled	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Macworld	O
magazine	O
carried	O
its	O
first	O
Microsoft	O
advertisement	O
for	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
in	O
its	O
November	O
1987	O
issue	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
initial	O
subhead	O
"	O
Introducing	O
Microsoft	B-Application
PowerPoint	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
PowerPointMacintoshRelabeled	O
and	O
shipped	O
by	O
MicrosoftPowerPointMacintoshPowerPointMacintoshAdded	O
Genigraphics	O
software	O
and	O
servicesPowerPointWindowsAnnounced	O
with	O
Windows	B-Application
3.0	I-Application
,	O
numbered	O
to	O
match	O
contemporary	O
Macintosh	B-Device
versionPowerPointWindowsAnnounced	O
with	O
Windows	B-Application
3.1PowerPointMacintoshPowerPointWindowsPowerPointMacintoshNative	O
for	O
Power	O
MacPowerPoint	O
95WindowsVersions	O
5.0	O
and	O
6.0	O
were	O
skipped	O
on	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
so	O
all	O
apps	O
in	O
Office	B-Operating_System
95	I-Operating_System
were	O
7.0PowerPoint	O
97WindowsPowerPoint	O
98MacintoshVersions	O
5.0	O
,	O
6.0	O
,	O
and	O
7.0	O
were	O
skipped	O
on	O
Macintosh	B-Device
,	O
to	O
match	O
Windows	B-Application
PowerPoint	B-Application
2000WindowsPowerPoint	O
2001MacintoshPowerPoint	O
XPWindowsPowerPoint	O
v	O
.	O
XMacintoshPowerPoint	O
2003WindowsPowerPoint	O
2004MacintoshPowerPoint	O
MobileWindows	O
Mobile	O
5PowerPoint	O
2007WindowsEnd	O
of	O
support	O
October	O
10	O
,	O
2017	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
was	O
updated	O
in	O
November	O
2007	O
:	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
MobileWindows	O
Mobile	O
6PowerPoint	O
2008MacintoshPowerPoint	O
2010WindowsVersion	O
13.0	O
was	O
skipped	O
for	O
triskaidekaphobia	O
concernsPowerPoint	O
2010	O
Web	O
AppWebPowerPoint	O
Mobile	O
2010Windows	O
Phone	O
7PowerPoint	O
2011MacintoshVersion	O
13.0	O
was	O
skipped	O
for	O
triskaidekaphobia	O
concerns	O
End	O
of	O
support	O
October	O
10	O
,	O
2017PowerPoint	O
Mobile	O
2010Nokia	O
SymbianPowerPoint	O
Web	O
App	O
2013WebPowerPoint	O
Mobile	O
2013Windows	O
Phone	O
8PowerPoint	O
RT	O
2013Windows	O
RTPowerPoint	O
2013WindowsPowerPoint	O
Mobile	O
2013	O
for	O
iPhoneiPhonePowerPoint	O
Mobile	O
2013	O
for	O
AndroidAndroidPowerPoint	O
2013	O
OnlineWebPowerPoint	O
2013	O
for	O
iPadiPadPowerPoint	O
Mobile	O
2013	O
for	O
iOSiOSPowerPoint	O
Mobile	O
2016	O
for	O
AndroidAndroidPowerPoint	O
2016	O
for	O
MacintoshMacintoshThere	O
had	O
been	O
no	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
2013	O
for	O
Mac	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
It	O
produced	O
overhead	O
transparencies	O
on	O
a	O
black-and-white	O
Macintosh	B-Device
for	O
laser	O
printing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPoint	B-Application
handled	O
the	O
task	O
of	O
making	O
the	O
overheads	O
all	O
look	O
alike	O
;	O
one	O
change	O
reformats	O
them	O
all	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
System	O
requirements	O
:	O
(	O
Mac	O
)	O
Original	O
Macintosh	B-Device
or	O
better	O
,	O
System	O
1.0	O
or	O
higher	O
,	O
512K	O
RAM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Part	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Office	I-Application
for	I-Application
Mac	I-Application
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Office	I-Application
for	O
Windows	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Innovations	O
included	O
:	O
color	O
,	O
more	B-Application
word	O
processing	O
features	O
,	O
find	O
and	O
replace	O
,	O
spell	O
checking	O
,	O
color	O
schemes	O
for	O
presentations	O
,	O
guide	O
to	O
color	O
selection	O
,	O
ability	O
to	O
change	O
color	O
scheme	O
retrospectively	O
,	O
shaded	O
coloring	O
for	O
fills	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
,	O
though	O
,	O
Genigraphics	O
itself	O
switched	O
to	O
PowerPoint.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
System	O
requirements	O
:	O
(	O
Mac	O
)	O
Original	O
Macintosh	B-Device
or	O
better	O
,	O
System	O
4.1	O
or	O
higher	O
,	O
1	O
MB	O
RAM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
Windows	B-Application
)	O
286	O
PC	O
or	O
higher	O
,	O
Windows	B-Application
3.0	I-Application
,	O
1	O
MB	O
RAM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Part	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Operating_System
Office	I-Operating_System
for	I-Operating_System
Windows	I-Operating_System
3.0	I-Operating_System
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Office	I-Application
for	I-Application
Mac	I-Application
3.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Innovations	O
included	O
:	O
the	O
first	O
application	O
designed	O
exclusively	O
for	O
the	O
new	O
Windows	B-Application
3.1	O
platform	O
,	O
full	O
support	O
for	O
TrueType	O
fonts	O
(	O
new	O
in	O
Windows	B-Application
3.1	O
)	O
,	O
presentation	O
templates	O
,	O
editing	O
in	O
outline	O
view	O
,	O
new	O
drawing	O
,	O
including	O
freeform	O
tool	O
,	O
autoshapes	O
,	O
flip	O
,	O
rotate	O
,	O
scale	O
,	O
align	O
,	O
and	O
transforming	O
imported	O
pictures	O
into	O
their	O
drawing	O
primitives	O
to	O
make	O
them	O
editable	O
,	O
transitions	O
between	O
slides	O
in	O
slide	O
show	O
,	O
progressive	O
builds	O
,	O
incorporating	O
sound	O
and	O
video	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
It	O
added	O
video-out	O
to	O
feed	O
the	O
new	O
video	B-Device
projectors	I-Device
,	O
with	O
effects	O
that	O
could	O
replace	O
a	O
bank	O
of	O
synchronized	O
slide	B-Device
projectors	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
System	O
requirements	O
:	O
(	O
Windows	B-Application
)	O
286	O
PC	O
or	O
higher	O
,	O
Windows	B-Application
3.1	O
,	O
2	O
MB	O
RAM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
Mac	O
)	O
Macintosh	B-Device
Plus	O
or	O
better	O
,	O
System	O
7	O
or	O
higher	O
,	O
4	O
MB	O
RAM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Part	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Office	I-Application
for	O
Windows	B-Application
4.0	O
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Office	I-Application
for	I-Application
Mac	I-Application
4.2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Introduced	O
a	O
standard	O
"	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Office	I-Application
"	O
look	O
and	O
feel	O
(	O
shared	O
with	O
Word	O
and	O
Excel	O
)	O
,	O
with	O
status	O
bar	O
,	O
toolbars	O
,	O
tooltips	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Full	O
OLE	B-Operating_System
2.0	O
with	O
in-place	O
activation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
System	O
requirements	O
:	O
(	O
Windows	B-Application
)	O
386	O
PC	O
or	O
higher	O
,	O
Windows	B-Application
3.1	O
,	O
8	O
MB	O
RAM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Part	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Operating_System
Office	I-Operating_System
for	I-Operating_System
Windows	I-Operating_System
95	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
A	O
complete	O
rewrite	O
of	O
the	O
product	O
from	O
the	O
ground	O
up	O
in	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
full	O
object	O
model	O
with	O
internal	O
VBA	B-Language
programmability.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
System	O
requirements	O
:	O
(	O
Windows	B-Application
)	O
386	O
DX	O
PC	O
or	O
higher	O
,	O
Windows	B-Application
95	O
,	O
6	O
MB	O
RAM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Part	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Operating_System
Office	I-Operating_System
for	I-Operating_System
Windows	I-Operating_System
97	I-Operating_System
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Office	I-Application
98	I-Application
Macintosh	I-Application
Edition	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
System	O
requirements	O
:	O
(	O
Windows	B-Application
)	O
486	O
PC	O
or	O
higher	O
,	O
8	O
MB	O
RAM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Part	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Operating_System
Office	I-Operating_System
for	I-Operating_System
Windows	I-Operating_System
2000	I-Operating_System
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Office	I-Application
for	I-Application
Mac	I-Application
2001	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
System	O
requirements	O
:	O
(	O
Windows	B-Application
)	O
Pentium	O
75MHz+	O
,	O
Windows	B-Application
95	O
or	O
higher	O
,	O
20	O
MB	O
RAM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
Mac	O
)	O
PowerPC	O
Mac	O
120MHz+	O
or	O
better	O
,	O
MacOS	B-Application
8.5	O
or	O
higher	O
,	O
minimum	O
48	O
MB	O
RAM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Part	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Operating_System
Office	I-Operating_System
for	I-Operating_System
Windows	I-Operating_System
XP	I-Operating_System
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Office	I-Application
for	I-Application
Mac	I-Application
v.X.	O
</s>
<s>
System	O
requirements	O
:	O
(	O
Windows	B-Application
)	O
Pentium	O
III	O
,	O
Windows	B-Application
98	O
or	O
higher	O
,	O
40	O
MB	O
RAM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Part	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-General_Concept
Office	I-General_Concept
for	I-General_Concept
Windows	I-General_Concept
2003	I-General_Concept
and	O
Microsoft	B-Operating_System
Office	I-Operating_System
for	I-Operating_System
Mac	I-Operating_System
2004	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Microsoft	O
Producer	O
for	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
2003	I-Application
"	O
was	O
a	O
free	O
plug-in	O
from	O
Microsoft	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
video	O
camera	O
,	O
"	O
that	O
creates	O
Web	O
page	O
presentations	O
,	O
with	O
talking	O
head	O
narration	O
,	O
coordinated	O
and	O
timed	O
to	O
your	O
existing	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
presentation	O
"	O
for	O
delivery	O
over	O
the	O
web	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
System	O
requirements	O
:	O
(	O
Windows	B-Application
)	O
Pentium	O
233Mhz+	O
,	O
Windows	B-Application
2000	O
with	O
SP3	O
or	O
later	O
,	O
128	O
MB	O
RAM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Part	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Office	I-Application
for	I-Application
Windows	I-Application
2007	I-Application
and	O
Microsoft	B-Operating_System
Office	I-Operating_System
for	I-Operating_System
Mac	I-Operating_System
2008	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Innovations	O
included	O
:	O
new	O
user	O
interface	O
(	O
"	O
Office	O
Fluent	O
"	O
)	O
employing	O
a	O
changeable	O
"	O
ribbon	O
"	O
of	O
tools	O
across	O
the	O
top	O
to	O
replace	O
menus	O
and	O
toolbars	O
,	O
SmartArt	O
graphics	O
,	O
many	O
graphical	B-Application
improvements	O
in	O
text	O
and	O
drawing	O
,	O
improved	O
"	O
Presenter	O
View	O
"	O
(	O
from	O
2003	O
)	O
,	O
widescreen	O
slide	O
formats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
major	O
change	O
in	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
2007	I-Application
was	O
from	O
a	O
binary	O
file	O
format	O
,	O
used	O
from	O
1997	O
to	O
2003	O
,	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
XML	B-Protocol
file	O
format	O
which	O
evolved	O
over	O
further	O
versions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
System	O
requirements	O
:	O
(	O
Windows	B-Application
)	O
500	O
MHz	O
processor	O
or	O
higher	O
,	O
Windows	B-Application
XP	O
with	O
SP2	O
or	O
later	O
,	O
256	O
MB	O
RAM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Part	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Operating_System
Office	I-Operating_System
for	I-Operating_System
Windows	I-Operating_System
2010	I-Operating_System
and	O
Microsoft	B-Operating_System
Office	I-Operating_System
for	I-Operating_System
Mac	I-Operating_System
2011	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
System	O
requirements	O
:	O
(	O
Windows	B-Application
)	O
500	O
MHz	O
processor	O
or	O
higher	O
,	O
Windows	B-Application
XP	O
with	O
SP3	O
or	O
later	O
,	O
256	O
MB	O
RAM	O
,	O
512	O
MB	O
RAM	O
recommended	O
for	O
video	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
Mac	O
)	O
Intel	O
processor	O
,	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	O
10.5.8	O
or	O
later	O
,	O
1	O
GB	O
RAM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Part	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Operating_System
Office	I-Operating_System
for	I-Operating_System
Windows	I-Operating_System
2013	I-Operating_System
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Office	I-Application
for	I-Application
Mac	I-Application
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
System	O
requirements	O
:	O
(	O
Windows	B-Application
)	O
1	O
GHz	O
processor	O
or	O
faster	O
,	O
x86	O
-	O
or	O
x64-bit	O
processor	O
with	O
SSE2	O
instruction	O
set	O
,	O
Windows	B-Application
7	O
or	O
later	O
,	O
1	O
GB	O
RAM	O
(	O
32-bit	O
)	O
,	O
2	O
GB	O
RAM	O
(	O
64-bit	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
Mac	O
)	O
Intel	O
processor	O
,	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	O
10.10	O
or	O
later	O
,	O
4	O
GB	O
RAM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Part	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Office	I-Application
for	O
Windows	B-Application
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Innovations	O
included	O
:	O
"	O
Tell	O
me	O
"	O
to	O
search	O
for	O
program	O
controls	O
,	O
"	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
Designer	O
"	O
pane	O
,	O
Morph	O
transition	O
,	O
real-time	O
collaboration	O
,	O
"	O
Zoom	O
"	O
to	O
slides	O
or	O
sections	O
in	O
slideshow	O
,	O
and	O
"	O
Presentation	O
Translator	O
"	O
for	O
real-time	O
translation	O
of	O
a	O
presenter	O
's	O
spoken	O
words	O
to	O
on-screen	O
captions	O
in	O
any	O
of	O
60+	O
languages	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
system	O
analyzing	O
the	O
text	O
of	O
the	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
presentation	O
as	O
context	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
accuracy	O
and	O
relevance	O
of	O
the	O
translations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
System	O
requirements	O
:	O
(	O
Windows	B-Application
)	O
1	O
GHz	O
processor	O
or	O
faster	O
,	O
x86	O
-	O
or	O
x64-bit	O
processor	O
with	O
SSE2	O
instruction	O
set	O
,	O
Windows	B-Application
7	O
with	O
SP	O
1	O
or	O
later	O
,	O
2	O
GB	O
RAM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
versions	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
,	O
from	O
1987	O
through	O
1995	O
(	O
versions	O
1.0	O
through	O
7.0	O
)	O
,	O
evolved	O
through	O
a	O
sequence	O
of	O
binary	O
file	O
formats	O
,	O
different	O
in	O
each	O
version	O
,	O
as	O
functionality	O
was	O
added	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
set	O
of	O
formats	O
were	O
never	O
documented	O
,	O
but	O
an	O
open-source	O
libmwaw	O
(	O
used	O
by	O
LibreOffice	B-Application
)	O
exists	O
to	O
read	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
stable	O
binary	O
format	O
(	O
called	O
a	O
.ppt	O
file	O
,	O
like	O
all	O
earlier	O
binary	O
formats	O
)	O
that	O
was	O
shared	O
as	O
the	O
default	O
in	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
97	O
through	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
2003	I-Application
for	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
and	O
in	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
98	O
through	O
PowerPoint	B-Operating_System
2004	I-Operating_System
for	O
Mac	O
(	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
in	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
versions	O
8.0	O
through	O
11.0	O
)	O
was	O
finally	O
created	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
specification	O
document	O
is	O
actively	O
maintained	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
freely	O
downloaded	O
,	O
because	O
,	O
although	O
no	O
longer	O
the	O
default	O
,	O
that	O
binary	O
format	O
can	O
be	O
read	O
and	O
written	O
by	O
some	O
later	O
versions	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
,	O
including	O
the	O
current	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
stable	O
binary	O
format	O
was	O
adopted	O
,	O
versions	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
continued	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
read	O
and	O
write	O
differing	O
file	O
formats	O
from	O
earlier	O
versions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
beginning	O
with	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
2007	I-Application
and	O
PowerPoint	B-Operating_System
2008	I-Operating_System
for	O
Mac	O
(	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
version	O
12.0	O
)	O
,	O
this	O
was	O
the	O
only	O
binary	O
format	O
available	O
for	O
saving	O
;	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
2007	I-Application
(	O
version	O
12.0	O
)	O
no	O
longer	O
supported	O
saving	O
to	O
binary	O
file	O
formats	O
used	O
earlier	O
than	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
97	O
(	O
version	O
8.0	O
)	O
,	O
ten	O
years	O
before	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
"	O
.pps	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
.ppsx	O
"	O
file	O
extensions	O
are	O
technically	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
"	O
.ppt	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
.pptx	O
"	O
,	O
except	O
they	O
are	O
launched	O
as	O
presentation	O
instead	O
of	O
for	O
editing	O
by	O
default	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
big	O
change	O
in	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
2007	I-Application
and	O
PowerPoint	B-Operating_System
2008	I-Operating_System
for	O
Mac	O
(	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
version	O
12.0	O
)	O
was	O
that	O
the	O
stable	O
binary	O
file	O
format	O
of	O
97	O
–	O
2003	O
was	O
replaced	O
as	O
the	O
default	O
by	O
a	O
new	O
zipped	B-General_Concept
XML-based	O
Office	B-Operating_System
Open	I-Operating_System
XML	I-Operating_System
format	O
(	O
.pptx	O
files	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
specification	O
for	O
the	O
new	O
format	O
was	O
published	O
as	O
an	O
open	O
standard	O
,	O
ECMA-376	B-Operating_System
,	O
through	O
Ecma	O
International	O
Technical	O
Committee	O
45	O
(	O
TC45	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Ecma	B-Operating_System
376	I-Operating_System
standard	O
was	O
approved	O
in	O
December	O
2006	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
submitted	O
for	O
standardization	O
through	O
ISO/IEC	O
JTC	O
1/SC	O
34	O
WG4	O
in	O
early	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
standardization	B-Architecture
process	I-Architecture
was	O
contentious	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
approved	O
as	O
ISO/IEC	B-Operating_System
29500	I-Operating_System
in	O
early	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
two	O
standards	O
were	O
progressively	O
adopted	O
by	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
:	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
version	O
12.0	O
(	O
2007	O
,	O
2008	O
for	O
Mac	O
)	O
could	O
read	O
and	O
write	O
Transitional	O
format	O
,	O
but	O
could	O
neither	O
read	O
nor	O
write	O
Strict	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPoint	B-Application
version	O
14.0	O
(	O
2010	O
,	O
2011	O
for	O
Mac	O
)	O
could	O
read	O
and	O
write	O
Transitional	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
read	O
but	O
not	O
write	O
Strict	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPoint	B-Application
version	O
15.0	O
and	O
later	O
(	O
beginning	O
2013	O
,	O
2016	O
for	O
Mac	O
)	O
can	O
read	O
and	O
write	O
both	O
Transitional	O
and	O
Strict	O
formats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
.pptx	O
file	O
format	O
(	O
called	O
"	O
PresentationML	B-Operating_System
"	O
for	O
Presentation	O
Markup	O
Language	O
)	O
contains	O
separate	O
structures	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
complex	O
parts	O
of	O
a	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
presentation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
of	O
the	O
widespread	O
use	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
,	O
the	O
standardized	O
file	O
formats	O
are	O
considered	O
important	O
for	O
the	O
long-term	O
access	O
to	O
digital	O
documents	O
in	O
library	O
collections	O
and	O
archives	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
U.S.	O
Library	O
of	O
Congress	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPoint	B-Application
2013	O
and	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
2016	O
provide	O
options	O
to	O
set	O
default	O
saving	O
to	O
ISO/IEC	B-Operating_System
29500	I-Operating_System
Strict	O
format	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
initial	O
default	O
setting	O
remains	O
Transitional	O
,	O
for	O
compatibility	O
with	O
legacy	O
features	O
incorporating	O
binary	O
data	O
in	O
existing	O
documents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPoint	B-Application
2013	O
or	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
2016	O
will	O
both	O
open	O
and	O
save	O
files	O
in	O
the	O
former	O
binary	O
format	O
(	O
.ppt	O
)	O
,	O
for	O
compatibility	O
with	O
older	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
program	O
(	O
but	O
not	O
versions	O
older	O
than	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
97	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
saving	O
to	O
older	O
formats	O
,	O
these	O
versions	O
of	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
will	O
check	O
to	O
assure	O
that	O
no	O
features	O
have	O
been	O
introduced	O
into	O
the	O
presentation	O
which	O
are	O
incompatible	O
with	O
the	O
older	O
formats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPoint	B-Application
2013	O
and	O
2016	O
will	O
also	O
save	O
a	O
presentation	O
in	O
many	O
other	O
file	O
formats	O
,	O
including	O
PDF	B-Application
format	I-Application
,	O
MPEG-4	B-Algorithm
or	O
WMV	B-Device
video	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
sequence	O
of	O
single-picture	O
files	O
(	O
using	O
image	O
formats	O
including	O
GIF	O
,	O
JPEG	O
,	O
PNG	O
,	O
TIFF	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
older	O
formats	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
a	O
single	O
presentation	O
file	O
in	O
which	O
all	O
slides	O
are	O
replaced	O
with	O
pictures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PowerPoint	B-Application
will	O
both	O
open	O
and	O
save	O
files	O
in	O
OpenDocument	O
Presentation	O
format	O
(	O
ODP	O
)	O
for	O
compatibility	O
.	O
</s>
