<s>
Microsoft	B-Application
Academic	I-Application
was	O
a	O
free	O
internet-based	O
academic	B-Library
search	I-Library
engines	I-Library
for	O
academic	O
publications	O
and	O
literature	O
,	O
developed	O
by	O
Microsoft	O
Research	O
,	O
shut	O
down	O
in	O
2022	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
OpenAlex	O
launched	O
and	O
claimed	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
successor	O
to	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Academic	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	B-Application
Academic	I-Application
gained	O
prominence	O
because	O
it	O
profiled	O
authors	O
,	O
organizations	O
,	O
keywords	O
,	O
and	O
journals	O
and	O
made	O
the	O
dataset	O
available	O
as	O
open	O
data	O
,	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
Google	B-Library
Scholar	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Preliminary	O
reviews	O
by	O
bibliometricians	O
suggested	O
the	O
new	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Academic	I-Application
Search	I-Application
was	O
a	O
competitor	O
to	O
Google	B-Library
Scholar	I-Library
,	O
Web	B-Library
of	I-Library
Science	I-Library
,	O
and	O
Scopus	B-Library
for	O
academic	O
research	O
purposes	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
citation	O
analysis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
primarily	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
resource	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
computer	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
since	O
that	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
completely	O
indexed	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
May	O
4	O
,	O
2021	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
announced	O
that	O
the	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Academic	I-Application
website	O
and	O
APIs	O
would	O
be	O
retired	O
on	O
December	O
31	O
,	O
2021	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thanks	O
to	O
the	O
open	O
data	O
license	O
,	O
the	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Academic	I-Application
dataset	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
be	O
merged	O
into	O
OpenAlex	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
fact	O
that	O
Microsoft	O
launched	O
and	O
soon	O
after	O
shut	O
down	O
both	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Academic	I-Application
and	O
its	O
predecessor	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Academic	I-Application
Search	I-Application
has	O
been	O
interpreted	O
as	O
a	O
sign	O
that	O
Microsoft	O
"	O
had	O
never	O
intended	O
to	O
enter	O
into	O
the	O
business	O
of	O
scholarly	O
metadata	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	B-Application
Academic	I-Application
replaced	O
the	O
earlier	O
Microsoft	O
research	O
project	O
,	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Academic	I-Application
Search	I-Application
,	O
which	O
ended	O
development	O
in	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	B-Application
Academic	I-Application
was	O
re-launched	O
in	O
2016	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
tool	O
that	O
features	O
an	O
entirely	O
new	O
data	O
structure	O
and	O
search	O
engine	O
using	O
semantic	O
search	O
technologies	O
.	O
</s>
