<s>
Meta-process	B-Application
modeling	I-Application
is	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
metamodeling	O
used	O
in	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
and	O
systems	O
engineering	O
for	O
the	O
analysis	O
and	O
construction	O
of	O
models	O
applicable	O
and	O
useful	O
to	O
some	O
predefined	O
problems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Meta-process	B-Application
modeling	I-Application
supports	O
the	O
effort	O
of	O
creating	O
flexible	O
process	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Results	O
of	O
using	O
meta-process	B-Application
models	I-Application
are	O
an	O
increased	O
productivity	O
of	O
process	O
engineers	O
and	O
an	O
improved	O
quality	O
of	O
the	O
models	O
they	O
produce	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Meta-process	B-Application
modeling	I-Application
focuses	O
on	O
and	O
supports	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
constructing	O
process	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Software	O
Process	O
Engineering	O
Metamodel	O
(	O
SPEM	B-Application
)	O
which	O
is	O
defined	O
as	O
a	O
profile	O
(	O
UML	B-Language
)	O
by	O
the	O
Object	B-Architecture
Management	I-Architecture
Group	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Construction	O
techniques	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
information	O
systems	O
area	O
have	O
developed	O
independently	O
of	O
those	O
in	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
the	O
main	O
construction	O
technique	O
used	O
today	O
is	O
language-based	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
early	O
techniques	O
in	O
both	O
,	O
information	O
systems	O
and	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
were	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
experience	O
of	O
process	O
engineers	O
and	O
were	O
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
ad	O
hoc	O
in	O
nature.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
reusing	O
processes	O
a	O
meta-process	B-Application
model	I-Application
identifies	O
"	O
the	O
common	O
,	O
generic	O
features	O
of	O
process	O
models	O
and	O
represents	O
them	O
in	O
a	O
system	O
of	O
concepts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rolland	O
(	O
1998	O
)	O
lists	O
numerous	O
languages	O
for	O
expressing	O
process	O
models	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
community	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
meta-modeling	O
process	O
is	O
often	O
supported	O
through	O
software	O
tools	O
,	O
called	O
CAME	O
tools	O
(	O
Computer	O
Aided	O
Method	O
Engineering	O
)	O
or	O
MetaCASE	B-Application
tools	I-Application
(	O
Meta-level	O
Computer	O
Assisted	O
Software	B-General_Concept
Engineering	I-General_Concept
tools	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Example	O
tools	O
for	O
meta-process	B-Application
modeling	I-Application
are	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Colette	O
Rolland	O
(	O
1999	O
)	O
provides	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
meta-process	B-Application
model	I-Application
which	O
utilizes	O
the	O
instantiation	O
and	O
assembly	O
technique	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
CREWS-L	O
'	O
Ecritoire	O
utilizes	O
process	O
models	O
and	O
meta-process	B-Application
models	I-Application
in	O
order	O
to	O
achieve	O
flexibility	O
for	O
the	O
situation	O
at	O
hand	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
multi-model	O
view	O
as	O
presented	O
in	O
the	O
paper	O
of	O
C	O
.	O
Rolland	O
,	O
the	O
meta-process	O
(	O
the	O
instance	O
of	O
the	O
meta-process	B-Application
model	I-Application
)	O
is	O
"	O
a	O
process	O
for	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
a	O
path	O
from	O
the	O
map	O
and	O
its	O
instantaneous	O
enactment	O
for	O
the	O
application	O
at	O
hand.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
the	O
meta-process	B-Application
model	I-Application
can	O
be	O
represented	O
in	O
many	O
different	O
ways	O
,	O
a	O
map	O
was	O
chosen	O
again	O
as	O
a	O
means	O
to	O
do	O
so	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
adequate	O
method	O
is	O
obtained	O
through	O
instantiation	O
of	O
the	O
meta-process	B-Application
model	I-Application
on	O
the	O
process	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
