<s>
In	O
numerical	O
optimization	O
,	O
meta-optimization	B-Algorithm
is	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
one	O
optimization	O
method	O
to	O
tune	O
another	O
optimization	O
method	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Meta-optimization	B-Algorithm
is	O
reported	O
to	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1970s	O
by	O
Mercer	O
and	O
Sampson	O
for	O
finding	O
optimal	O
parameter	O
settings	O
of	O
a	O
genetic	B-Algorithm
algorithm	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Meta-optimization	B-Algorithm
and	O
related	O
concepts	O
are	O
also	O
known	O
in	O
the	O
literature	O
as	O
meta-evolution	O
,	O
super-optimization	O
,	O
automated	O
parameter	O
calibration	O
,	O
hyper-heuristics	B-Algorithm
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Optimization	O
methods	O
such	O
as	O
genetic	B-Algorithm
algorithm	I-Algorithm
and	O
differential	B-Algorithm
evolution	I-Algorithm
have	O
several	O
parameters	O
that	O
govern	O
their	O
behaviour	O
and	O
efficiency	O
in	O
optimizing	O
a	O
given	O
problem	O
and	O
these	O
parameters	O
must	O
be	O
chosen	O
by	O
the	O
practitioner	O
to	O
achieve	O
satisfactory	O
results	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
the	O
curse	B-Algorithm
of	I-Algorithm
dimensionality	I-Algorithm
for	O
the	O
search-space	O
consisting	O
of	O
an	O
optimizer	O
's	O
behavioural	O
parameters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Meta-optimizing	O
the	O
parameters	O
of	O
a	O
genetic	B-Algorithm
algorithm	I-Algorithm
was	O
done	O
by	O
Grefenstette	O
and	O
Keane	O
,	O
amongst	O
others	O
,	O
and	O
experiments	O
with	O
meta-optimizing	O
both	O
the	O
parameters	O
and	O
the	O
genetic	O
operators	O
were	O
reported	O
by	O
Bäck	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Meta-optimization	B-Algorithm
of	O
the	O
COMPLEX-RF	O
algorithm	O
was	O
done	O
by	O
Krus	O
and	O
Andersson	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
where	O
performance	O
index	O
of	O
optimization	O
based	O
on	O
information	O
theory	O
was	O
introduced	O
and	O
further	O
developed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Meta-optimization	B-Algorithm
of	O
particle	B-Algorithm
swarm	I-Algorithm
optimization	I-Algorithm
was	O
done	O
by	O
Meissner	O
et	O
al.	O
,	O
Pedersen	O
and	O
Chipperfield	O
,	O
and	O
Mason	O
et	O
al	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pedersen	O
and	O
Chipperfield	O
applied	O
meta-optimization	B-Algorithm
to	O
differential	B-Algorithm
evolution	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
meta-optimized	O
ant	B-Algorithm
colony	I-Algorithm
optimization	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
comparison	O
of	O
various	O
meta-optimization	B-Algorithm
techniques	O
was	O
done	O
by	O
Smit	O
and	O
Eiben	O
.	O
</s>
