<s>
In	O
computing	O
,	O
a	O
memory	B-General_Concept
module	I-General_Concept
or	O
RAM	B-Architecture
(	O
random-access	B-Architecture
memory	I-Architecture
)	O
stick	O
is	O
a	O
printed	O
circuit	O
board	O
on	O
which	O
memory	B-General_Concept
integrated	O
circuits	O
are	O
mounted	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Memory	B-General_Concept
modules	I-General_Concept
permit	O
easy	O
installation	O
and	O
replacement	O
in	O
electronic	O
systems	O
,	O
especially	O
computers	O
such	O
as	O
personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
,	O
workstations	B-Device
,	O
and	O
servers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
memory	B-General_Concept
modules	I-General_Concept
were	O
proprietary	O
designs	O
that	O
were	O
specific	O
to	O
a	O
model	O
of	O
computer	O
from	O
a	O
specific	O
manufacturer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
,	O
memory	B-General_Concept
modules	I-General_Concept
were	O
standardized	O
by	O
organizations	O
such	O
as	O
JEDEC	O
and	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
any	O
system	O
designed	O
to	O
use	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Types	O
of	O
memory	B-General_Concept
module	I-General_Concept
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Distinguishing	O
characteristics	O
of	O
computer	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
modules	O
include	O
voltage	O
,	O
capacity	O
,	O
speed	O
(	O
i.e.	O
,	O
bit	O
rate	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
form	O
factor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
economic	O
reasons	O
,	O
the	O
large	O
(	O
main	O
)	O
memories	O
found	O
in	O
personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
,	O
workstations	B-Device
,	O
and	O
non-handheld	O
game-consoles	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
PlayStation	O
and	O
Xbox	O
)	O
normally	O
consist	O
of	O
dynamic	O
RAM	B-Architecture
(	O
DRAM	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
computer	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
cache	B-General_Concept
memories	I-General_Concept
normally	O
use	O
static	B-Architecture
RAM	I-Architecture
(	O
SRAM	B-Architecture
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Small	O
amounts	O
of	O
SRAM	B-Architecture
are	O
sometimes	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
package	O
as	O
DRAM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
since	O
SRAM	B-Architecture
has	O
high	O
leakage	O
power	O
and	O
low	O
density	O
,	O
die-stacked	B-Architecture
DRAM	O
has	O
recently	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
designing	O
multi-megabyte	O
sized	O
processor	O
caches	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Physically	O
,	O
most	O
DRAM	O
is	O
packaged	B-Algorithm
in	O
black	O
epoxy	O
resin	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dynamic	O
random	B-Architecture
access	I-Architecture
memory	I-Architecture
is	O
produced	O
as	O
integrated	O
circuits	O
(	O
ICs	O
)	O
bonded	O
and	O
mounted	O
into	O
plastic	O
packages	O
with	O
metal	O
pins	O
for	O
connection	O
to	O
control	O
signals	O
and	O
buses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
early	O
use	O
individual	O
DRAM	O
ICs	O
were	O
usually	O
either	O
installed	O
directly	O
to	O
the	O
motherboard	B-Device
or	O
on	O
ISA	B-Architecture
expansion	O
cards	O
;	O
later	O
they	O
were	O
assembled	O
into	O
multi-chip	O
plug-in	O
modules	O
(	O
DIMMs	B-General_Concept
,	O
SIMMs	B-General_Concept
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rambus	O
In-line	O
Memory	B-General_Concept
Module	I-General_Concept
(	O
RIMM	O
)	O
,	O
technically	O
DIMMs	B-General_Concept
but	O
called	O
RIMMs	O
due	O
to	O
their	O
proprietary	O
slot	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Small	B-General_Concept
outline	I-General_Concept
DIMM	I-General_Concept
(	O
SO-DIMM	O
)	O
,	O
about	O
half	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
regular	O
DIMMs	B-General_Concept
,	O
are	O
mostly	O
used	O
in	O
notebooks	O
,	O
small	O
footprint	O
PCs	B-Device
(	O
such	O
as	O
Mini-ITX	B-Architecture
motherboards	B-Device
)	O
,	O
upgradable	O
office	O
printers	O
and	O
networking	O
hardware	O
like	O
routers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Technically	O
SO-DIMMs	O
but	O
called	O
SO-RIMMs	O
due	O
to	O
their	O
proprietary	O
slot	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Compression	O
Attached	O
Memory	B-General_Concept
Module	I-General_Concept
(	O
CAMM	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
proprietary	O
Dell	O
format	O
which	O
they	O
expect	O
to	O
be	O
adopted	O
as	O
a	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Stacked	O
RAM	B-Architecture
modules	O
contain	O
two	O
or	O
more	O
RAM	B-Architecture
chips	I-Architecture
stacked	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
each	O
other	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Stacked	O
modules	O
can	O
be	O
packaged	B-Algorithm
using	O
the	O
older	O
TSOP	B-Algorithm
or	O
the	O
newer	O
BGA	B-Algorithm
style	O
IC	O
chips	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Silicon	O
dies	O
connected	O
with	O
older	O
wire	B-Algorithm
bonding	I-Algorithm
or	O
newer	O
TSV	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
proposed	O
stacked	O
RAM	B-Architecture
approaches	O
exist	O
,	O
with	O
TSV	O
and	O
much	O
wider	O
interfaces	O
,	O
including	O
WideI/O	O
,	O
WideI/O2	O
,	O
Hybrid	B-General_Concept
Memory	I-General_Concept
Cube	I-General_Concept
and	O
High	O
Bandwidth	O
Memory	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Common	O
SO-DIMM	O
DRAM	O
modules	O
:	O
</s>
