<s>
A	O
memory	B-General_Concept
debugger	I-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
debugger	B-Application
for	O
finding	O
software	O
memory	O
problems	O
such	O
as	O
memory	B-Error_Name
leaks	I-Error_Name
and	O
buffer	B-General_Concept
overflows	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
are	O
due	O
to	O
bugs	B-Error_Name
related	O
to	O
the	O
allocation	O
and	O
deallocation	B-General_Concept
of	O
dynamic	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Programs	O
written	O
in	O
languages	O
that	O
have	O
garbage	B-General_Concept
collection	I-General_Concept
,	O
such	O
as	O
managed	O
code	O
,	O
might	O
also	O
need	O
memory	B-General_Concept
debuggers	I-General_Concept
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
for	O
memory	B-Error_Name
leaks	I-Error_Name
due	O
to	O
"	O
living	O
"	O
references	O
in	O
collections	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Memory	B-General_Concept
debuggers	I-General_Concept
work	O
by	O
monitoring	O
memory	O
access	O
,	O
allocations	O
,	O
and	O
deallocation	B-General_Concept
of	O
memory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
memory	B-General_Concept
debuggers	I-General_Concept
require	O
applications	O
to	O
be	O
recompiled	O
with	O
special	O
dynamic	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
allocation	I-General_Concept
libraries	O
,	O
whose	O
APIs	O
are	O
mostly	O
compatible	O
with	O
conventional	O
dynamic	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
allocation	I-General_Concept
libraries	O
,	O
or	O
else	O
use	O
dynamic	O
linking	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Electric	B-Application
Fence	I-Application
is	O
such	O
a	O
debugger	B-Application
which	O
debugs	O
memory	B-General_Concept
allocation	I-General_Concept
with	O
malloc	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
memory	B-General_Concept
debuggers	I-General_Concept
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Valgrind	B-Application
)	O
work	O
by	O
running	B-General_Concept
the	O
executable	O
in	O
a	O
virtual	O
machine-like	O
environment	O
,	O
monitoring	O
memory	O
access	O
,	O
allocation	O
and	O
deallocation	B-General_Concept
so	O
that	O
no	O
recompilation	O
with	O
special	O
memory	B-General_Concept
allocation	I-General_Concept
libraries	O
is	O
required	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
abnormally	O
high	O
memory	O
utilization	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
contributing	O
factor	O
in	O
software	B-General_Concept
aging	I-General_Concept
,	O
memory	B-General_Concept
debuggers	I-General_Concept
can	O
help	O
programmers	O
to	O
avoid	O
software	B-Error_Name
anomalies	I-Error_Name
that	O
would	O
exhaust	O
the	O
computer	O
system	O
memory	O
,	O
thus	O
ensuring	O
high	O
reliability	O
of	O
the	O
software	O
even	O
for	O
long	O
runtimes	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
static	B-Application
analysis	I-Application
tools	I-Application
can	O
also	O
help	O
find	O
memory	O
errors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Memory	B-General_Concept
debuggers	I-General_Concept
operate	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
an	O
application	O
while	O
it	O
's	O
running	B-General_Concept
while	O
static	O
code	O
analysis	O
is	O
performed	O
by	O
analyzing	O
the	O
code	O
without	O
executing	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
tools	B-Application
useful	O
for	O
memory	B-General_Concept
debugging	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
profiler	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
a	O
memory	B-General_Concept
debugger	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
NameOSLicenseLanguagesTechnique	O
AddressSanitizer	B-Application
Linux	O
,	O
Mac	O
OS	O
Free/open	O
source	O
(	O
LLVM	O
)	O
C	O
,	O
C++	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Compile-time	O
instrumentation	O
(	O
available	O
in	O
Clang	B-Application
and	O
GCC	B-Application
)	O
and	O
specialized	O
library	O
Allinea	B-Application
DDT	I-Application
Linux	O
,	O
Blue	O
Gene	O
commercial	O
C	O
,	O
C++	O
and	O
F90	O
.	O
</s>
