<s>
Medical	B-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
sharing	I-Algorithm
is	O
the	O
electronic	O
exchange	O
of	O
medical	B-Application
images	I-Application
between	O
hospitals	O
,	O
physicians	O
and	O
patients	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
primary	O
format	O
for	O
images	O
is	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
(	O
Digital	B-Algorithm
Imaging	I-Algorithm
and	I-Algorithm
Communications	I-Algorithm
in	I-Algorithm
Medicine	I-Algorithm
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typically	O
,	O
non-image	O
data	O
such	O
as	O
reports	O
may	O
be	O
attached	O
in	O
standard	O
formats	O
like	O
PDF	B-Application
(	O
Portable	B-Application
Document	I-Application
Format	I-Application
)	O
during	O
the	O
sending	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
standards	O
in	O
the	O
industry	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
IHE	O
Cross	B-Device
Enterprise	I-Device
Document	I-Device
Sharing	I-Device
for	O
Imaging	O
(	O
XDS-I	O
)	O
,	O
for	O
managing	O
the	O
sharing	O
of	O
documents	O
between	O
healthcare	O
enterprises	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Care	O
Facilities	O
:	O
Institutions	O
use	O
medical	B-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
sharing	I-Algorithm
to	O
facilitate	O
transfers	O
between	O
other	O
facilities	O
that	O
may	O
or	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Medical	B-Algorithm
Image	I-Algorithm
Sharing	I-Algorithm
contributes	O
to	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
Health	O
"	O
initiatives	O
across	O
the	O
industry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Meaningful	O
Use	O
:	O
The	O
goal	O
of	O
meaningful	O
use	O
is	O
to	O
promote	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
electronic	B-Application
health	I-Application
records	I-Application
to	O
improve	O
health	O
care	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
rolled	O
out	O
in	O
3	O
stages	O
through	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Medical	B-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
sharing	I-Algorithm
helps	O
achieve	O
meaningful	O
use	O
by	O
improving	O
access	O
to	O
medical	B-Application
images	I-Application
to	O
patients	O
and	O
physicians	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sharing	O
medical	B-Application
images	I-Application
over	O
long	O
distances	O
can	O
happen	O
instantaneously	O
with	O
these	O
technologies	O
,	O
allowing	O
a	O
physician	O
to	O
review	O
a	O
patient	O
's	O
images	O
during	O
the	O
conference	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
use	O
of	O
tools	O
such	O
as	O
Electronic	B-Application
health	I-Application
records	I-Application
will	O
help	O
patients	O
take	O
a	O
more	O
active	O
role	O
in	O
their	O
health	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
medical	B-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
sharing	I-Algorithm
,	O
patients	O
can	O
receive	O
their	O
medical	B-Application
imaging	I-Application
electronically	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
share	O
that	O
information	O
with	O
the	O
next	O
physician	O
they	O
are	O
seeing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cloud	B-Architecture
Computing	I-Architecture
:	O
Using	O
software	O
that	O
is	O
delivered	O
as	O
a	O
service	O
over	O
the	O
internet	O
is	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
Cloud	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typically	O
,	O
medical	B-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
sharing	I-Algorithm
will	O
be	O
rolled	O
out	O
as	O
a	O
service	O
for	O
hospitals	O
,	O
clinicians	O
and	O
patients	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
physician	O
,	O
having	O
access	O
to	O
medical	B-Application
images	I-Application
on	O
the	O
go	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
development	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
typical	O
architecture	O
for	O
a	O
medical	B-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
sharing	I-Algorithm
platform	O
includes	O
transmitting	O
data	O
from	O
a	O
system	O
installed	O
directly	O
on	O
the	O
hospital	O
network	O
and	O
behind	O
the	O
firewall	O
,	O
to	O
and	O
from	O
an	O
outside	O
entity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Virtual	B-Application
private	I-Application
network	I-Application
(	O
VPN	B-Application
)	O
can	O
be	O
set	O
up	O
to	O
enable	O
exchange	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
is	O
typically	O
requires	O
more	O
to	O
maintain	O
for	O
the	O
facilities	O
involved	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-General_Concept
compression	I-General_Concept
is	O
used	O
to	O
help	O
facilitate	O
the	O
exchange	O
of	O
large	O
files	O
by	O
encoding	O
using	O
smaller	O
bits	O
than	O
the	O
original	O
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Security	O
:	O
One	O
widely	O
utilized	O
security	O
tool	O
is	O
TSL/SSL	O
,	O
or	O
Transport	B-Protocol
Layer	I-Protocol
Security	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Transport	B-Protocol
Layer	I-Protocol
Security	I-Protocol
(	O
TLS	O
)	O
/Secure	O
Sockets	O
Layer	O
(	O
SSLv3	O
)	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
secure	O
electronic	O
communications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-Operating_System
Centers	I-Operating_System
:	O
A	O
Data	B-Operating_System
center	I-Operating_System
is	O
used	O
to	O
house	O
computer	O
systems	O
and	O
associated	O
pieces	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
use	O
of	O
these	O
facilities	O
in	O
medical	B-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
sharing	I-Algorithm
is	O
to	O
provide	O
backup	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
a	O
vital	O
piece	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
medical	B-Application
images	I-Application
are	O
safe	O
and	O
secure	O
in	B-Architecture
the	I-Architecture
cloud	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Active	B-Protocol
Directory	I-Protocol
-	O
Link	O
to	O
a	O
hospital	O
Active	B-Protocol
Directory	I-Protocol
for	O
seamless	O
use	O
by	O
staffed	O
physicians	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Picture	B-Application
archiving	I-Application
and	I-Application
communication	I-Application
system	I-Application
(	O
PACS	B-Application
)	O
-	O
A	O
medical	B-Application
imaging	I-Application
technology	O
that	O
provides	O
economical	O
storage	O
of	O
,	O
and	O
convenient	O
access	O
to	O
,	O
images	O
from	O
multiple	O
modalities	O
within	O
a	O
facility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Electronic	B-Application
medical	I-Application
record	I-Application
(	O
EMR	O
)	O
-	O
A	O
computerized	O
medical	O
record	O
created	O
in	O
an	O
organization	O
that	O
delivers	O
care	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
hospital	O
or	O
physician	O
's	O
office	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vendor	B-Algorithm
Neutral	I-Algorithm
Archive	I-Algorithm
(	O
VNA	O
)	O
-	O
A	O
medical	B-Application
imaging	I-Application
technology	O
in	O
which	O
images	O
and	O
documents	O
(	O
and	O
potentially	O
any	O
file	O
of	O
clinical	O
relevance	O
)	O
are	O
stored	O
(	O
archived	O
)	O
in	O
a	O
standard	O
format	O
with	O
a	O
standard	O
interface	O
,	O
such	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
accessed	O
in	O
a	O
vendor-neutral	O
manner	O
by	O
other	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Decision	B-Application
support	I-Application
system	I-Application
-	O
A	O
computer-based	O
information	O
system	O
that	O
supports	O
business	O
or	O
organizational	O
decision-making	O
activities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DICOM	B-Algorithm
-	O
A	O
standard	O
for	O
handling	O
,	O
storing	O
,	O
printing	O
,	O
and	O
transmitting	O
information	O
in	O
medical	B-Application
imaging	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cross	B-Device
Enterprise	I-Device
Document	I-Device
Sharing	I-Device
(	O
XDS	O
)	O
-	O
Focused	O
on	O
providing	O
a	O
standards-based	O
specification	O
for	O
managing	O
the	O
sharing	O
of	O
documents	O
between	O
any	O
healthcare	O
enterprise	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
a	O
private	O
physician	O
office	O
to	O
a	O
clinic	O
to	O
an	O
acute	O
care	O
in-patient	O
facility	O
and	O
personal	O
health	B-Application
record	I-Application
systems	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
RSNA	O
Image	O
Share	O
is	O
a	O
network	O
created	O
to	O
enable	O
radiologists	O
to	O
share	O
medical	B-Application
images	I-Application
with	O
patients	O
using	O
personal	O
health	O
record	O
(	O
PHR	O
)	O
accounts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
pilot	O
project	O
,	O
funded	O
by	O
the	O
National	O
Institute	O
for	O
Biomedical	B-Application
Imaging	I-Application
and	O
Bioengineering	O
(	O
Nibib	O
)	O
and	O
administered	O
by	O
RSNA	O
,	O
began	O
enrolling	O
patients	O
in	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Patients	O
at	O
these	O
sites	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
receive	O
and	O
access	O
their	O
medical	B-Application
images	I-Application
electronically	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
January	O
2017	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
seven	O
software	O
companies	O
who	O
have	O
completed	O
the	O
RSNA	O
Image	O
Share	O
Validation	O
,	O
Agfa	O
Healthcare	O
,	O
Ambra	B-Algorithm
Health	I-Algorithm
(	O
formerly	O
DICOM	B-Algorithm
Grid	O
)	O
,	O
GE	O
Healthcare	O
,	O
Lexmark	O
Healthcare	O
,	O
LifeImage	O
,	O
Inc.	O
,	O
Mach7	O
Technologies	O
and	O
Novarad	O
.	O
</s>
