<s>
Mbone	B-Protocol
(	O
short	O
for	O
"	O
multicast	B-Protocol
backbone	I-Protocol
"	O
)	O
was	O
an	O
experimental	O
backbone	B-General_Concept
and	O
virtual	B-Architecture
network	I-Architecture
built	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
Internet	O
for	O
carrying	O
IP	B-Protocol
multicast	I-Protocol
traffic	O
on	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
operators	O
of	O
most	O
Internet	B-Protocol
routers	I-Protocol
have	O
disabled	O
IP	B-Protocol
multicast	I-Protocol
due	O
to	O
concerns	O
regarding	O
bandwidth	O
tracking	O
and	O
billing	O
,	O
the	O
Mbone	B-Protocol
was	O
created	O
to	O
connect	O
multicast-capable	O
networks	O
over	O
the	O
existing	O
Internet	O
infrastructure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mbone	B-Protocol
was	O
created	O
by	O
Van	O
Jacobson	O
,	O
Steve	O
Deering	O
and	O
Stephen	O
Casner	O
in	O
1992	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
suggestion	O
by	O
Allison	O
Mankin	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
May	O
23	O
,	O
1993	O
,	O
Wax	O
or	O
the	O
Discovery	O
of	O
Television	O
Among	O
the	O
Bees	O
was	O
streamed	O
over	O
the	O
Mbone	B-Protocol
,	O
becoming	O
"	O
the	O
first	O
movie	O
to	O
be	O
transmitted	O
on	O
the	O
Internet.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
June	O
24	O
,	O
1993	O
,	O
the	O
band	O
Severe	O
Tire	O
Damage	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
perform	O
live	O
on	O
the	O
Mbone	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
November	O
11	O
,	O
1993	O
Sky	O
Cries	O
Mary	O
performed	O
on	O
the	O
Mbone	B-Protocol
from	O
Bellevue	O
,	O
WA	O
sponsored	O
by	O
Starwave	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
year	O
later	O
the	O
Mbone	B-Protocol
was	O
used	O
,	O
this	O
time	O
symmetrically	O
(	O
simultaneous	O
transmission	O
and	O
reception	O
without	O
hierarchy	O
among	O
participants	O
)	O
,	O
for	O
a	O
first	O
experience	O
of	O
real-time	O
graphical	O
interaction	O
without	O
the	O
intermediary	O
of	O
any	O
Center	O
(	O
Poietic	O
Generator	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mbone	B-Protocol
was	O
used	O
for	O
shared	O
communication	O
such	O
as	O
video	B-Application
teleconferences	I-Application
or	O
shared	O
collaborative	O
workspaces	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
other	O
projects	O
and	O
network	O
testbeds	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Internet2	O
's	O
Abilene	O
Network	O
,	O
made	O
Mbone	B-Protocol
obsolete	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
"	O
virtual	O
room	O
video	B-Application
conferencing	I-Application
system	O
"	O
(	O
VRVS	O
)	O
started	O
operation	O
in	O
1997	O
using	O
the	O
Mbone	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
was	O
in	O
operation	O
through	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
revived	O
mboned	O
(	O
mbone	B-Protocol
deployment	O
)	O
working	O
group	O
was	O
chartered	O
by	O
the	O
Internet	O
Engineering	O
Task	O
Force	O
in	O
2014	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
forum	O
to	O
coordinate	O
and	O
document	O
multicast	O
deployment	O
challenges	O
and	O
best	O
practices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
purpose	O
of	O
Mbone	B-Protocol
was	O
to	O
minimize	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
data	O
required	O
for	O
multipoint	O
audio/video	O
-conferencing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mbone	B-Protocol
was	O
free	O
and	O
it	O
used	O
a	O
network	O
of	O
routers	B-Protocol
that	O
support	O
IP	B-Protocol
multicast	I-Protocol
,	O
and	O
it	O
enables	O
access	O
to	O
real-time	O
interactive	O
multimedia	O
on	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
older	O
routers	B-Protocol
do	O
not	O
support	O
IP	B-Protocol
multicast	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
cope	O
with	O
this	O
,	O
tunnels	B-Protocol
must	O
be	O
set	O
up	O
on	O
both	O
ends	O
:	O
multicast	O
packets	O
are	O
encapsulated	O
in	O
unicast	O
packets	O
and	O
sent	O
through	O
a	O
tunnel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mbone	B-Protocol
uses	O
a	O
small	O
subset	O
of	O
the	O
class	O
D	O
IP	B-Protocol
address	I-Protocol
space	O
(	O
224.0.0.0	O
–	O
239.255.255.255	O
)	O
assigned	O
for	O
multicast	B-Protocol
traffic	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mbone	B-Protocol
uses	O
224.2.0.0	O
for	O
multimedia	O
conferencing	O
.	O
</s>
