<s>
It	O
aims	O
to	O
make	O
real-time	O
communication	O
work	O
seamlessly	O
between	O
different	O
service	O
providers	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
that	O
standard	O
Simple	B-Protocol
Mail	I-Protocol
Transfer	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
email	O
currently	O
does	O
for	O
store-and-forward	B-Protocol
email	O
service	O
,	O
by	O
allowing	O
users	O
with	O
accounts	O
at	O
one	O
communications	O
service	O
provider	O
to	O
communicate	O
with	O
users	O
of	O
a	O
different	O
service	O
provider	O
via	O
online	B-Protocol
chat	I-Protocol
,	O
voice	B-Application
over	I-Application
IP	I-Application
,	O
and	O
videotelephony	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
therefore	O
serves	O
a	O
similar	O
purpose	O
to	O
protocols	O
like	O
XMPP	B-Protocol
,	O
but	O
is	O
not	O
based	O
on	O
any	O
existing	O
communication	O
protocol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
a	O
technical	O
perspective	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
an	O
application	B-Application
layer	I-Application
communication	O
protocol	O
for	O
federated	O
real-time	O
communication	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
provides	O
HTTP	B-Protocol
APIs	O
and	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
reference	O
implementations	O
for	O
securely	O
distributing	O
and	O
persisting	O
messages	O
in	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
format	O
over	O
an	O
open	O
federation	O
of	O
servers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
integrate	O
with	O
standard	O
web	O
services	O
via	O
WebRTC	B-Protocol
,	O
facilitating	O
browser-to-browser	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
initial	O
project	O
was	O
created	O
inside	O
Amdocs	O
,	O
while	O
building	O
a	O
chat	B-Protocol
tool	O
called	O
"	O
Amdocs	O
Unified	O
Communications	O
"	O
,	O
by	O
Matthew	O
Hodgson	O
and	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Matrix	O
was	O
the	O
winner	O
of	O
the	O
Innovation	O
award	O
at	O
WebRTC	B-Protocol
2014	O
Conference	O
&	O
Expo	O
,	O
and	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
Best	O
in	O
Show	O
"	O
award	O
at	O
WebRTC	B-Protocol
World	O
in	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Reviewers	O
noted	O
that	O
other	O
attempts	O
at	O
defining	O
an	O
open	O
instant	B-Application
messaging	I-Application
or	O
multimedia	O
signalling	O
protocol	O
of	O
this	O
type	O
had	O
difficulties	O
becoming	O
widely	O
adopted	O
—	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
XMPP	B-Protocol
and	O
IRCv3	B-Protocol
—	O
and	O
have	O
highlighted	O
the	O
challenges	O
involved	O
,	O
both	O
technological	O
and	O
political	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2017	O
,	O
the	O
funding	O
by	O
Amdocs	O
was	O
announced	O
to	O
be	O
cut	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
following	O
weeks	O
the	O
core	O
team	O
created	O
their	O
own	O
UK-based	O
company	O
,	O
"	O
New	O
Vector	O
Limited	O
"	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
mainly	O
built	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
Matrix	O
and	O
Riot	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
later	O
renamed	O
to	O
Element	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
was	O
created	O
with	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
offering	O
consultancy	O
services	O
for	O
Matrix	O
and	O
paid	O
hosting	O
of	O
Matrix	O
servers	O
(	O
as	O
a	O
platform	O
called	O
modular.im,	O
which	O
was	O
later	O
renamed	O
to	O
Element	B-Protocol
matrix	I-Protocol
services	I-Protocol
)	O
to	O
generate	O
income	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
early	O
weeks	O
after	O
its	O
creation	O
,	O
the	O
Matrix	O
team	O
and	O
the	O
company	O
Purism	O
published	O
plans	O
to	O
collaborate	O
in	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
the	O
Librem	B-Device
5	O
phone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Librem	B-Device
5	O
was	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
Matrix	O
native	O
phone	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
default	O
pre-installed	O
messaging	O
and	O
caller	O
app	O
should	O
use	O
Matrix	O
for	O
audio	O
and	O
video	B-Application
calls	I-Application
and	O
instant	B-Application
messaging	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2017	O
,	O
KDE	B-Application
announced	O
it	O
was	O
working	O
on	O
including	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
protocol	O
in	O
its	O
IRC	B-Protocol
client	O
Konversation	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
late	O
January	O
2018	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
received	O
an	O
investment	O
of	O
US$5	O
million	O
from	O
Status	O
,	O
an	O
Ethereum	B-Application
based	O
startup	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2018	O
,	O
the	O
French	O
Government	O
announced	O
plans	O
to	O
create	O
their	O
own	O
instant	B-Application
messaging	I-Application
tool	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Work	O
on	O
the	O
application	O
based	O
on	O
Riot	O
and	O
Matrix	B-Protocol
protocol	I-Protocol
—	O
called	O
after	O
French	O
scientists	O
Claude	O
Chappe	O
—	O
had	O
started	O
in	O
early	O
2018	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
program	O
was	O
open-sourced	O
and	O
released	O
on	O
iOS	O
and	O
Android	O
in	O
April	O
2019	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2018	O
,	O
a	O
Community	O
Interest	O
Company	O
called	O
"	O
The	O
Matrix.org	B-Protocol
Foundation	O
C.I.C.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2019	O
,	O
the	O
KDE	B-Application
community	I-Application
announced	O
plans	O
to	O
adopt	O
Matrix	O
for	O
its	O
internal	O
communications	O
needs	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
decentralized	O
alternative	O
to	O
other	O
instant	B-Application
messaging	I-Application
servers	O
like	O
Telegram	B-Application
,	O
Slack	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
Discord	B-Application
,	O
and	O
operate	O
its	O
own	O
server	O
instance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2019	O
,	O
Matrix.org	B-Protocol
suffered	O
a	O
security	O
breach	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
production	O
servers	O
were	O
compromised	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
breach	O
was	O
not	O
an	O
issue	O
with	O
the	O
Matrix	B-Protocol
protocol	I-Protocol
and	O
did	O
not	O
directly	O
affect	O
home	O
servers	O
other	O
than	O
matrix.org	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2019	O
,	O
the	O
Matrix	B-Protocol
protocol	I-Protocol
is	O
out	O
of	O
beta	O
with	O
the	O
version	O
1.0	O
across	O
all	O
APIs	O
(	O
and	O
Synapse	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
the	O
reference	O
home	O
server	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Matrix	O
foundation	O
is	O
officially	O
launched	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2019	O
,	O
German	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Defense	O
announced	O
a	O
pilot	O
project	O
called	O
BwMessenger	O
for	O
secure	O
instant	B-Application
messaging	I-Application
tool	O
based	O
on	O
Matrix	B-Protocol
protocol	I-Protocol
,	O
Synapse	O
server	O
and	O
Riot	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
long-term	O
goal	O
of	O
the	O
Federal	O
Government	O
is	O
the	O
secure	O
use	O
of	O
messenger	B-Protocol
services	O
that	O
covers	O
all	O
ministries	O
and	O
subordinate	O
authorities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2019	O
,	O
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
announced	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
begin	O
to	O
use	O
Matrix	O
as	O
a	O
replacement	O
for	O
IRC	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
IRC	B-Protocol
server	O
,	O
irc.mozilla.org,	O
is	O
said	O
to	O
be	O
removed	O
"	O
no	O
later	O
than	O
March	O
of	O
next	O
year	O
 [ 2020 ] 	O
 "	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2020	O
,	O
the	O
IRC	B-Protocol
server	O
was	O
turned	O
off	O
and	O
users	O
were	O
directed	O
to	O
join	O
chat.mozilla.org,	O
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
's	O
Element	B-Protocol
instance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2020	O
,	O
Element	B-Protocol
acquired	O
Gitter	B-Protocol
from	O
GitLab	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
meant	O
that	O
all	O
Gitter	B-Protocol
users	O
would	O
be	O
transitioned	O
over	O
to	O
Matrix	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2021	O
,	O
matrix.org	B-Protocol
announced	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
28	O
million	O
global	O
visible	O
accounts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Matrix	O
targets	O
use	O
cases	O
like	O
voice	B-Application
over	I-Application
IP	I-Application
,	O
Internet	B-Operating_System
of	I-Operating_System
Things	I-Operating_System
and	O
instant	B-Application
messaging	I-Application
,	O
including	O
group	O
communication	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
a	O
longer-term	O
goal	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
generic	O
messaging	O
and	O
data	O
synchronization	O
system	O
for	O
the	O
web	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Client	O
software	O
is	O
available	O
for	O
open-federated	O
Instant	B-Application
Messaging	I-Application
(	O
IM	O
)	O
,	O
voice	B-Application
over	I-Application
IP	I-Application
(	O
VoIP	B-Application
)	O
and	O
Internet	B-Operating_System
of	I-Operating_System
Things	I-Operating_System
(	O
IoT	B-Operating_System
)	O
communication	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Matrix	O
standard	O
specifies	O
RESTful	O
HTTP	B-Protocol
APIs	O
for	O
securely	O
transmitting	O
and	O
replicating	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
data	O
between	O
Matrix-capable	O
clients	O
,	O
servers	O
and	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
data	O
is	O
signed	O
using	O
a	O
git-style	O
signature	O
to	O
mitigate	O
tampering	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
federated	O
traffic	O
is	O
encrypted	O
with	O
HTTPS	B-Protocol
and	O
signed	O
with	O
each	O
server	O
's	O
private	O
key	O
to	O
avoid	O
spoofing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Replication	O
follows	O
eventual	B-General_Concept
consistency	I-General_Concept
semantics	O
,	O
allowing	O
servers	O
to	O
function	O
even	O
if	O
offline	O
or	O
after	O
data-loss	O
by	O
re-synchronizing	O
missing	O
history	O
from	O
other	O
participating	O
servers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Olm	O
library	O
provides	O
for	O
optional	O
end-to-end	O
encryption	O
on	O
a	O
room-by-room	O
basis	O
via	O
a	O
Double	B-Algorithm
Ratchet	I-Algorithm
Algorithm	I-Algorithm
implementation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
ensure	O
that	O
conversation	O
data	B-General_Concept
at	I-General_Concept
rest	I-General_Concept
is	O
only	O
readable	O
by	O
the	O
room	O
participants	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Matrix	O
supports	O
bridging	O
messages	O
from	O
different	O
chat	B-Application
applications	I-Application
into	O
Matrix	O
rooms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Element	B-Protocol
is	O
the	O
reference	O
implementation	O
of	O
a	O
client	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
Client	O
Implementations	O
Project	O
Main	O
Language	O
CommentPlatformsStatusRepositoryCinnyJavaScriptFocuses	O
primarily	O
on	O
simple	O
,	O
elegant	O
,	O
and	O
secure	O
interface	O
;	O
written	O
in	O
Reactjs	O
on	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
matrix-js-sdkWeb	O
and	O
desktopStableGitHub	O
:	O
ajbura/cinnyElementJavaScriptMade	O
by	O
the	O
matrix.org	B-Protocol
core	O
teamWeb	O
,	O
desktop	O
,	O
iOS	O
,	O
and	O
AndroidStableGitHub	O
:	O
vector-im/element	O
-webFluffyChatDartWritten	O
in	O
FlutterWeb	O
,	O
desktop	O
,	O
iOS	O
,	O
and	O
AndroidStableGitLab	O
:	O
famedly/fluffychatFractalRustGNOME	O
desktopStableGitLab	O
:	O
GNOME/fractalNeoChatC	O
++Fork	O
of	O
Spectral	O
,	O
using	O
KDE	B-Application
frameworks	O
,	O
most	O
notably	O
Kirigami	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
Synapse	O
is	O
the	O
reference	O
implementation	O
of	O
a	O
Matrix	O
home	O
server	O
,	O
written	O
in	O
Python	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
Server	O
Implementations	O
Project	O
Main	O
Language	O
CommentStatusRepositorySynapsePythonSynapse	O
is	O
a	O
Matrix	O
"	O
homeserver	O
"	O
implementation	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
matrix.org	B-Protocol
core	O
team	O
,	O
written	O
in	O
Python	B-Language
3/Twisted.Production	O
readyGitHub	O
:	O
matrix-org/synapseDendriteGoDendrite	O
is	O
a	O
second-generation	O
Matrix	O
homeserver	O
written	O
in	O
Go	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
actively	O
federating	O
Matrix	O
server	O
developed	O
independently	O
by	O
the	O
community.Beta	O
(	O
since	O
2020-04-28	O
)	O
GitHub	B-Application
:	O
matrix-construct/construct	O
Conduit	O
RustAn	O
efficient	O
Matrix	O
homeserver	O
that	O
aims	O
to	O
be	O
easy	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
and	O
just	O
work	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Beta	O
(	O
since	O
2021-09-01	O
)	O
GitLab	B-Application
:	O
famedly/conduit	O
Mascarene	O
ScalaMascarene	O
is	O
an	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
homeserver	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
Matrix	O
protocol.Under	O
developmentGitLab	O
:	O
mascarene/mascareneLigaseGoLigase	O
is	O
a	O
Golang-based	O
implementation	O
of	O
Matrix	O
home	O
server	O
,	O
following	O
the	O
Matrix	O
spec	O
as	O
defined	O
at	O
matrix.org	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Germany	O
's	O
national	O
healthcare	O
system	O
's	O
internal	O
communication	O
network	O
uses	O
a	O
Matrix-based	O
system	O
(	O
Ti-Messenger	O
)	O
for	O
real-time	O
communication	O
among	O
Germany	O
's	O
healthcare	O
organizations	O
and	O
sharing	O
of	O
sensitive	O
patient	O
data	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
national	O
agency	O
for	O
the	O
digitalisation	O
of	O
the	O
healthcare	O
system	O
(	O
GmbH	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Employees	O
of	O
the	O
Bundeswehr	O
(	O
Germany	O
's	O
armed	O
forces	O
)	O
communicate	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
and	O
share	O
classified	O
documents	O
(	O
German	O
VS-NfD	O
)	O
,	O
on	O
a	O
private	O
Matrix	O
network	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
customized	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Matrix	O
Element	B-Protocol
app	O
.	O
</s>
