<s>
A	O
mask	B-Algorithm
shop	I-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
factory	O
which	O
manufactures	O
photomasks	B-Algorithm
for	O
use	O
in	O
the	O
semiconductor	O
industry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Captive	O
mask	B-Algorithm
shops	I-Algorithm
are	O
in-house	O
operations	O
owned	O
by	O
the	O
biggest	O
semiconductor	O
corporations	O
,	O
while	O
merchant	O
mask	B-Algorithm
shops	I-Algorithm
make	O
masks	O
for	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
industry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Merchant	O
mask	B-Algorithm
shops	I-Algorithm
will	O
produce	O
photomasks	B-Algorithm
for	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
integrated	B-Algorithm
device	I-Algorithm
manufacturers	I-Algorithm
(	O
IDMs	O
)	O
,	O
foundries	O
or	O
optical	O
device	O
companies	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
providing	O
excess	O
cavity	O
work	O
and	O
re-pellicle	O
for	O
captive	O
mask	B-Algorithm
shops	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
worldwide	O
photomask	B-Algorithm
production	O
market	O
was	O
$3.1	O
billion	O
in	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Almost	O
half	O
of	O
market	O
attributed	O
to	O
captive	O
mask	B-Algorithm
shops	I-Algorithm
(	O
in-house	O
mask	B-Algorithm
shops	I-Algorithm
of	O
major	O
chipmakers	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
costs	O
of	O
creating	O
new	O
mask	B-Algorithm
shop	I-Algorithm
for	O
180nm	O
processes	O
were	O
estimated	O
in	O
2005	O
as	O
$40	O
million	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
130nm	O
-	O
more	O
than	O
$100	O
million	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
cost	O
of	O
new	O
28nm	O
mask	B-Algorithm
shop	I-Algorithm
was	O
estimated	O
at	O
$110	O
–	O
140	O
million	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
technology	O
shrinks	O
,	O
the	O
cost	O
to	O
mask	B-Algorithm
shops	I-Algorithm
increase	O
and	O
the	O
product	O
turn	O
around	O
time	O
grow	O
longer	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
