<s>
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
10.0	I-Operating_System
(	O
code	O
named	O
Cheetah	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
major	O
release	O
of	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
,	O
Apple	O
's	O
desktop	O
and	O
server	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
March	O
24	O
,	O
2001	O
,	O
for	O
a	O
price	O
of	O
$129	O
after	O
a	O
public	B-Operating_System
beta	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
was	O
Apple	O
's	O
long-awaited	O
successor	O
to	O
the	O
classic	B-Application
Mac	I-Application
OS	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
derived	O
from	O
NeXTSTEP	B-Application
and	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
featured	O
a	O
new	O
user	O
interface	O
called	O
Aqua	B-Application
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
improved	O
stability	O
and	O
security	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
new	O
Unix	B-Application
foundations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
introduced	O
the	O
Quartz	B-Operating_System
graphics	I-Operating_System
rendering	O
engine	O
for	O
hardware-accelerated	B-General_Concept
animations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
technologies	O
were	O
ported	O
from	O
the	O
classic	B-Application
Mac	I-Application
OS	I-Application
,	O
including	O
Sherlock	B-Operating_System
and	O
the	O
QuickTime	B-Application
framework	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
core	O
components	O
of	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
were	O
open	O
sourced	O
as	O
Darwin	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Boxed	O
releases	O
of	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
10.0	I-Operating_System
also	O
included	O
a	O
copy	O
of	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
9.1	I-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
installed	O
alongside	O
with	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
10.0	I-Operating_System
,	O
through	O
the	O
means	O
of	O
dual	B-Operating_System
booting	I-Operating_System
(	O
which	O
meant	O
that	O
reboots	O
are	O
required	O
for	O
switching	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
OSes	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
important	O
for	O
compatibility	O
reasons	O
;	O
while	O
many	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
9	I-Operating_System
applications	O
could	O
be	O
run	O
under	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
in	O
the	O
Classic	O
environment	O
,	O
some	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
applications	O
that	O
directly	O
accessed	O
hardware	O
,	O
could	O
only	O
run	O
under	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
9	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Six	O
months	O
after	O
its	O
release	O
,	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
10.0	I-Operating_System
was	O
succeeded	O
by	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
10.1	I-Operating_System
,	O
code	O
named	O
Puma	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
development	O
of	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
10.0	I-Operating_System
began	O
in	O
1998	O
,	O
after	O
Apple	O
acquired	O
NeXT	O
Computer	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
founded	O
by	O
Steve	O
Jobs	O
after	O
he	O
left	O
Apple	O
in	O
the	O
mid-1980s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
initial	O
development	O
of	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
was	O
led	O
by	O
Avie	O
Tevanian	O
,	O
who	O
had	O
previously	O
worked	O
at	O
NeXT	O
and	O
had	O
played	O
a	O
key	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
NeXTSTEP	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
development	O
team	O
faced	O
significant	O
challenges	O
in	O
merging	O
the	O
classic	B-Application
Mac	I-Application
OS	I-Application
with	O
the	O
new	O
Unix-based	O
architecture	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
creating	O
a	O
modern	O
user	O
interface	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
familiar	O
to	O
Mac	B-Device
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
10.0	I-Operating_System
was	O
released	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
on	O
March	O
24	O
,	O
2001	O
,	O
after	O
several	O
months	O
of	O
beta	O
testing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
release	O
was	O
met	O
with	O
mixed	O
reviews	O
,	O
with	O
some	O
users	O
praising	O
the	O
new	O
features	O
and	O
stability	O
,	O
while	O
others	O
criticized	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
compatibility	O
with	O
older	O
Mac	B-Device
applications	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
key	O
features	O
of	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
10.0	I-Operating_System
included	O
the	O
Aqua	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
,	O
which	O
introduced	O
translucent	O
menus	O
,	O
drop	O
shadows	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
visual	O
effects	O
;	O
the	O
Dock	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
way	O
of	O
launching	O
and	O
switching	O
between	O
applications	O
;	O
and	O
a	O
new	O
file	O
system	O
called	O
HFS+	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
also	O
included	O
built-in	O
support	O
for	O
networking	O
protocols	O
such	O
as	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
and	O
PPP	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
for	O
USB	O
and	O
FireWire	B-Protocol
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
years	O
following	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
10.0	I-Operating_System
,	O
Apple	O
continued	O
to	O
refine	O
and	O
improve	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
releasing	O
updates	O
and	O
new	O
versions	O
that	O
added	O
new	O
features	O
and	O
improved	O
performance	O
and	O
compatibility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Today	O
,	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
has	O
evolved	O
into	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
the	O
latest	O
version	O
of	O
which	O
is	O
macOS	B-Application
Monterey	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
October	O
2021	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
release	O
include	O
the	O
Dock	O
which	O
was	O
a	O
new	O
way	O
of	O
organizing	O
one	O
's	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
applications	O
on	O
a	O
user	O
interface	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
change	O
from	O
the	O
classic	O
method	O
of	O
Application	O
launching	O
in	O
previous	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
included	O
the	O
Terminal	B-Application
,	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
feature	O
that	O
allowed	O
access	O
to	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
's	O
underpinnings	O
,	O
namely	O
the	O
Unix	B-Application
core	O
;	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
had	O
previously	O
had	O
the	O
distinction	O
of	O
being	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
few	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
with	O
no	O
command	B-Application
line	I-Application
interface	I-Application
at	O
all	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
it	O
included	O
the	O
Mail	B-Operating_System
email	O
client	O
,	O
its	O
features	O
included	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
configure	O
the	O
software	O
to	O
receive	O
all	O
of	O
a	O
user	O
's	O
email	O
accounts	O
in	O
the	O
one	O
list	O
,	O
ability	O
to	O
file	O
emails	O
into	O
folders	O
,	O
ability	O
to	O
search	O
for	O
emails	O
,	O
and	O
ability	O
to	O
automatically	O
append	O
signatures	O
to	O
outgoing	O
emails	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Address	B-Operating_System
Book	I-Operating_System
was	O
a	O
new	O
application	O
which	O
had	O
features	O
including	O
exporting	O
and	O
importing	O
cards	O
to	O
and	O
from	O
vCard	O
format	O
,	O
API	B-General_Concept
to	O
interface	O
with	O
other	O
applications	O
,	O
change	O
of	O
address	O
notifications	O
,	O
contact	O
groups	O
,	O
auto-merge	O
when	O
importing	O
vCards	O
,	O
customizable	O
fields	O
and	O
categories	O
,	O
the	O
automatic	O
formatting	O
of	O
phone	O
numbers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TextEdit	B-Application
replaced	O
the	O
SimpleText	B-Operating_System
application	O
with	O
new	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OS	O
introduced	O
the	O
new	O
Aqua	B-Application
UI	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
features	O
of	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
9	I-Operating_System
were	O
ported	O
to	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
,	O
including	O
the	O
Sherlock	B-Operating_System
desktop	O
and	O
web	O
search	O
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
File-sharing	O
client	O
—	O
The	O
system	O
can	O
only	O
use	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
,	O
not	O
AppleTalk	B-Application
,	O
to	O
connect	O
to	O
servers	O
sharing	O
the	O
Apple	B-Protocol
Filing	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
cannot	O
use	O
SMB	B-Operating_System
to	O
connect	O
to	O
Windows	B-Application
or	O
Samba	B-Language
servers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
File-sharing	O
server	O
—	O
As	O
a	O
server	O
,	O
the	O
system	O
can	O
share	O
files	O
using	O
only	O
the	O
Apple	B-Protocol
Filing	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
over	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
HTTP	B-Protocol
,	O
SSH	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
FTP	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
is	O
built	O
on	O
Darwin	B-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
derived	O
from	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
adopted	O
a	O
new	O
XNU	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
,	O
derived	O
from	O
Mach	B-Operating_System
,	O
as	O
a	O
replacement	O
for	O
the	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
nanokernel	I-Operating_System
used	O
in	O
classic	B-Application
Mac	I-Application
OS	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
9	I-Operating_System
,	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
had	O
protected	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
and	O
preemptive	B-Operating_System
multitasking	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
also	O
had	O
support	O
for	O
OpenGL	B-Application
,	O
AppleScript	B-Application
,	O
and	O
the	O
Carbon	B-Operating_System
and	O
Cocoa	B-Operating_System
APIs	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
10.0	I-Operating_System
began	O
a	O
short	O
era	O
(	O
that	O
ended	O
with	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
10.2	I-Operating_System
Jaguar	I-Operating_System
's	O
release	O
)	O
where	O
Apple	O
offered	O
two	O
types	O
of	O
installation	O
CDs	O
:	O
1Z	O
and	O
2Z	O
CDs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Input	B-General_Concept
method	I-General_Concept
editors	I-General_Concept
of	O
Simplified	O
Chinese	O
,	O
Traditional	O
Chinese	O
,	O
and	O
Korean	O
were	O
only	O
included	O
with	O
the	O
2Z	O
CDs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Currently	O
,	O
all	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
installer	O
CDs	O
and	O
preinstallations	O
include	O
the	O
full	O
set	O
of	O
15	O
languages	O
and	O
full	O
multilingual	O
compatibility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
10.0	I-Operating_System
was	O
not	O
externally	O
marketed	O
with	O
its	O
codename	O
,	O
a	O
practice	O
which	O
began	O
with	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
Jaguar	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
50	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
10.0	I-Operating_System
customers	O
of	O
the	O
participating	O
stores	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
store	O
hosting	O
the	O
launch	O
party	O
,	O
would	O
receive	O
a	O
free	O
Apple	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
Mouse	I-Device
,	O
while	O
the	O
next	O
100	O
customers	O
would	O
be	O
given	O
a	O
commemorative	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
T-shirt	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
participating	O
stores	O
also	O
provided	O
demonstrations	O
and	O
offers	O
for	O
Mac	B-Device
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
100	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
10.0	I-Operating_System
customers	O
would	O
receive	O
a	O
free	O
commemorative	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
T-shirt	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
US	O
,	O
multiple	O
Apple	O
authorized	O
resellers	O
also	O
held	O
events	O
on	O
the	O
24	O
and	O
25	O
of	O
March	O
2001	O
,	O
to	O
coincide	O
with	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
's	O
launch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
store	O
located	O
in	O
Minneapolis	O
reported	O
that	O
over	O
60%	O
of	O
their	O
available	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
stock	O
were	O
sold	O
on	O
launch	O
day	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
April	O
3	O
,	O
2001	O
,	O
Apple	O
launched	O
an	O
bi-weekly	O
email	O
newsletter	O
service	O
named	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
Product	O
News	O
that	O
showcases	O
the	O
latest	O
software	O
for	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
release	O
of	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
10.0	I-Operating_System
saw	O
mixed	O
reviews	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ZDNet	O
called	O
the	O
new	O
OS	O
"	O
underdone	O
"	O
due	O
to	O
poor	O
performance	O
,	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
panics	I-Operating_System
,	O
with	O
main	O
applications	O
such	O
as	O
Finder	O
causing	O
system	O
freezes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CNET	O
rated	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
10.0	I-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
6	O
out	O
of	O
10	O
,	O
calling	O
it	O
"	O
more	O
stable	O
than	O
previous	O
Mac	B-Device
OSs	O
"	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
compliments	O
on	O
its	O
UI	O
,	O
memory	O
management	O
and	O
speed	O
,	O
but	O
is	O
n't	O
"	O
ready	O
for	O
the	O
masses	O
"	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
issues	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
native	O
third-party	O
applications	O
for	O
the	O
platform	O
,	O
missing	O
DVD	O
playback	O
and	O
hard	O
to	O
use	O
user	O
interfaces	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
David	O
Pogue	O
stated	O
in	O
a	O
New	O
York	O
Times	O
tech	O
column	O
,	O
that	O
while	O
he	O
felt	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
was	O
better	O
looking	O
and	O
easier	O
to	O
use	O
than	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
9	I-Operating_System
with	O
superior	O
features	O
and	O
menus	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
yet	O
ready	O
for	O
the	O
average	O
user	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
's	O
not	O
as	O
polished	O
,	O
with	O
missing	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
CD	O
burning	O
(	O
at	O
launch	O
)	O
,	O
automated	O
shutdown	O
scheduling	O
,	O
Labels	O
menu	O
.	O
</s>
