<s>
The	O
history	B-Operating_System
of	I-Operating_System
macOS	I-Operating_System
,	O
Apple	O
's	O
current	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
formerly	O
named	O
Mac	B-Device
OS	I-Device
X	I-Device
until	O
2011	O
and	O
then	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
until	O
2016	O
,	O
began	O
with	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
project	O
to	O
replace	O
its	O
"	B-Application
classic	I-Application
"	I-Application
Mac	I-Application
OS	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
system	O
,	O
up	O
to	O
and	O
including	O
its	O
final	O
release	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
9	I-Operating_System
,	O
was	O
a	O
direct	O
descendant	O
of	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
Apple	O
had	O
used	O
in	O
its	O
Mac	B-Device
computers	I-Device
since	O
their	O
introduction	O
in	O
1984	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
current	O
macOS	B-Application
is	O
a	O
Unix	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
built	O
on	O
technology	O
that	O
had	O
been	O
developed	O
at	O
NeXT	O
from	O
the	O
1980s	O
until	O
Apple	O
purchased	O
the	O
company	O
in	O
early	O
1997	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
it	O
was	O
originally	O
marketed	O
as	O
simply	O
"	O
version	O
10	O
"	O
of	O
the	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
(	O
indicated	O
by	O
the	O
Roman	O
numeral	O
"	O
X	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
a	O
completely	O
different	O
codebase	B-General_Concept
from	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
9	I-Operating_System
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
substantial	O
changes	O
to	O
its	O
user	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
ease	O
the	O
transition	O
for	O
users	O
and	O
developers	O
,	O
versions	O
through	O
10.4	B-Application
were	O
able	O
to	O
run	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
9	I-Operating_System
and	O
its	O
applications	O
in	O
a	O
compatibility	O
layer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
macOS	B-Application
was	O
first	O
released	O
in	O
1999	O
as	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
1.0	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
built	O
using	O
the	O
technologies	O
Apple	O
acquired	O
from	O
NeXT	O
,	O
but	O
did	O
n’t	O
include	O
the	O
signature	O
Aqua	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
UI	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
desktop	O
version	O
aimed	O
at	O
regular	O
users	O
—	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
10.0	I-Operating_System
—	O
shipped	O
in	O
March	O
2001	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
then	O
,	O
several	O
more	O
distinct	O
desktop	O
and	O
server	O
editions	O
of	O
macOS	B-Application
have	O
been	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
with	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
10.7	I-Application
Lion	I-Application
,	O
macOS	B-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
is	O
no	O
longer	O
offered	O
as	O
a	O
standalone	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
;	O
instead	O
,	O
server	O
management	O
tools	O
are	O
available	O
for	O
purchase	O
as	O
an	O
add-on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
macOS	B-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
app	O
has	O
been	O
discontinued	O
since	O
April	O
2022	O
and	O
will	O
no	O
longer	O
work	O
on	O
macOS	B-Operating_System
versions	I-Operating_System
past	O
macOS	B-Device
12	I-Device
Monterey	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
with	O
the	O
Intel	B-Device
build	O
of	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
10.5	I-Application
Leopard	I-Application
,	O
most	O
releases	O
have	O
been	O
certified	O
as	O
Unix	B-Application
systems	I-Application
conforming	O
to	O
the	O
Single	O
Unix	B-Application
Specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lion	B-Application
was	O
referred	O
to	O
by	O
Apple	O
as	O
"	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
Lion	I-Application
"	O
and	O
sometimes	O
as	O
"	O
OS	B-Application
X	I-Application
Lion	I-Application
"	O
;	O
Mountain	O
Lion	B-Application
was	O
officially	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
just	O
"	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
Mountain	I-Operating_System
Lion	I-Operating_System
"	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
"	O
Mac	B-Device
"	O
being	O
completely	O
dropped	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
was	O
further	O
renamed	O
to	O
"	O
macOS	B-Application
"	O
starting	O
with	O
macOS	B-Operating_System
Sierra	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
macOS	B-Application
retained	O
the	O
major	O
version	O
number	O
10	O
throughout	O
its	O
development	O
history	O
until	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
macOS	B-Operating_System
11	I-Operating_System
Big	I-Operating_System
Sur	I-Operating_System
in	O
2020	O
;	O
releases	O
of	O
macOS	B-Application
have	O
also	O
been	O
named	O
after	O
big	O
cats	O
(	O
versions	O
10.0	O
–	O
10.8	B-Operating_System
)	O
or	O
locations	O
in	O
California	O
(	O
10.9	O
–	O
present	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
current	O
major	O
version	O
,	O
macOS	B-Operating_System
13	I-Operating_System
Ventura	I-Operating_System
,	O
was	O
announced	O
on	O
June	O
6	O
,	O
2022	O
at	O
WWDC	O
2022	O
and	O
released	O
on	O
October	O
25	O
of	O
that	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
result	O
was	O
the	O
NeXT	B-Device
Computer	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
first	O
workstation	O
to	O
include	O
a	O
digital	B-Architecture
signal	I-Architecture
processor	I-Architecture
(	O
DSP	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
high-capacity	O
optical	O
disc	O
drive	O
,	O
NeXT	O
hardware	O
was	O
advanced	O
for	O
its	O
time	O
,	O
but	O
was	O
expensive	O
relative	O
to	O
the	O
rapidly	O
commoditizing	O
workstation	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
hardware	O
was	O
phased	O
out	O
in	O
1993	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
object-oriented	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
NeXTSTEP	B-Application
had	O
a	O
more	O
lasting	O
legacy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NeXTSTEP	B-Application
was	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Mach	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
developed	O
at	O
CMU	O
(	O
Carnegie	O
Mellon	O
University	O
)	O
and	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
an	O
implementation	O
of	O
Unix	B-Application
dating	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
1970s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
featured	O
an	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
framework	B-Architecture
based	O
on	O
the	O
Objective-C	B-Language
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
environment	O
is	O
known	O
today	O
in	O
the	O
Mac	B-Device
world	O
as	O
Cocoa	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
supported	O
the	O
innovative	O
Enterprise	B-General_Concept
Objects	I-General_Concept
Framework	I-General_Concept
database	O
access	O
layer	O
and	O
WebObjects	B-Language
application	O
server	O
development	O
environment	O
,	O
among	O
other	O
notable	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
but	O
abandoning	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
an	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
NeXT	O
managed	O
to	O
maintain	O
a	O
business	O
selling	O
WebObjects	B-Language
and	O
consulting	O
services	O
,	O
only	O
ever	O
making	O
modest	O
profits	O
in	O
its	O
last	O
few	O
quarters	O
as	O
an	O
independent	O
company	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NeXTSTEP	B-Application
underwent	O
an	O
evolution	O
into	O
OPENSTEP	B-Operating_System
which	O
separated	O
the	O
object	O
layers	O
from	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
below	O
,	O
allowing	O
it	O
to	O
run	O
with	O
less	O
modification	O
on	O
other	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OPENSTEP	B-Operating_System
was	O
,	O
for	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
,	O
adopted	O
by	O
Sun	O
and	O
HP	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
by	O
this	O
point	O
,	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
other	O
companies	O
—	O
notably	O
Apple	O
,	O
IBM	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
Sun	O
itself	O
—	O
were	O
claiming	O
they	O
would	O
soon	O
be	O
releasing	O
similar	O
object-oriented	B-Application
operating	I-Application
systems	I-Application
and	O
development	O
tools	O
of	O
their	O
own	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
these	O
efforts	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Taligent	B-Operating_System
,	O
did	O
not	O
fully	O
come	O
to	O
fruition	O
;	O
others	O
,	O
like	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
gained	O
widespread	O
adoption	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
4	O
,	O
1997	O
,	O
Apple	O
Computer	O
acquired	O
NeXT	O
for	O
$427	O
million	O
,	O
and	O
used	O
OPENSTEP	B-Operating_System
as	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
Mac	B-Device
OS	I-Device
X	I-Device
,	O
as	O
it	O
was	O
called	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Traces	O
of	O
the	O
NeXT	O
software	O
heritage	O
can	O
still	O
be	O
seen	O
in	O
macOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
Cocoa	B-Operating_System
development	O
environment	O
,	O
the	O
Objective-C	B-Language
library	O
classes	O
have	O
"	O
NS	O
"	O
prefixes	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
HISTORY	O
section	O
of	O
the	O
manual	O
page	O
for	O
the	O
defaults	O
command	O
in	O
macOS	B-Application
straightforwardly	O
states	O
that	O
the	O
command	O
"	O
First	O
appeared	O
in	O
NeXTStep.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
decade-old	O
Macintosh	B-Application
System	I-Application
Software	I-Application
had	O
reached	O
the	O
limits	O
of	O
its	O
single-user	O
,	O
co-operative	B-Operating_System
multitasking	I-Operating_System
architecture	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
once-innovative	O
user	O
interface	O
was	O
looking	O
increasingly	O
outdated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
massive	O
development	O
effort	O
to	O
replace	O
it	O
,	O
known	O
as	O
Copland	B-Application
,	O
was	O
started	O
in	O
1994	O
,	O
but	O
was	O
generally	O
perceived	O
outside	O
Apple	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
hopeless	O
case	O
due	O
to	O
political	O
infighting	O
and	O
conflicting	O
goals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
1996	O
,	O
Copland	B-Application
was	O
nowhere	O
near	O
ready	O
for	O
release	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
project	O
was	O
eventually	O
cancelled	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
elements	O
of	O
Copland	B-Application
were	O
incorporated	O
into	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
8	I-Operating_System
,	O
released	O
on	O
July	O
26	O
,	O
1997	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
considering	O
the	O
purchase	O
of	O
BeOS	B-Application
—	O
a	O
multimedia-enabled	O
,	O
multi-tasking	O
OS	O
designed	O
for	O
hardware	O
similar	O
to	O
Apple	O
's	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
decided	O
instead	O
to	O
acquire	O
NeXT	O
and	O
use	O
OPENSTEP	B-Operating_System
as	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
their	O
new	O
OS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
first	O
,	O
the	O
plan	O
was	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
new	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
based	O
almost	O
entirely	O
on	O
an	O
updated	O
version	O
of	O
OPENSTEP	B-Operating_System
,	O
with	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
a	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
subsystem	O
—	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
Blue	O
Box	O
—	O
for	O
running	O
"	O
classic	O
"	O
Macintosh	B-Device
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
result	O
was	O
known	O
by	O
the	O
code	O
name	O
Rhapsody	B-Operating_System
,	O
slated	O
for	O
release	O
in	O
late	O
1998	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
expected	O
that	O
developers	O
would	O
port	O
their	O
software	O
to	O
the	O
considerably	O
more	O
powerful	O
OPENSTEP	B-Operating_System
libraries	O
once	O
they	O
learned	O
of	O
its	O
power	O
and	O
flexibility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
Jobs	O
announced	O
at	O
the	O
World	O
Wide	O
Developer	O
's	O
Conference	O
that	O
what	O
developers	O
really	O
wanted	O
was	O
a	O
modern	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
Apple	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
deliver	O
it	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
met	O
with	O
applause	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Over	O
the	O
next	O
two	O
years	O
,	O
a	O
major	O
effort	O
was	O
applied	O
to	O
porting	O
the	O
original	O
Macintosh	B-Device
APIs	O
to	O
Unix	B-Application
libraries	O
known	O
as	O
Carbon	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
applications	O
could	O
be	O
ported	O
to	O
Carbon	B-Operating_System
without	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
a	O
complete	O
re-write	O
,	O
making	O
them	O
operate	O
as	O
native	O
applications	O
on	O
the	O
new	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Meanwhile	O
,	O
applications	O
written	O
using	O
the	O
older	O
toolkits	O
would	O
be	O
supported	O
using	O
the	O
"	B-Application
Classic	I-Application
"	I-Application
Mac	I-Application
OS	I-Application
9	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
C	B-Language
,	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
Objective-C	B-Language
,	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
and	O
Python	B-Language
were	O
added	O
,	O
furthering	O
developer	O
comfort	O
with	O
the	O
new	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
lower	O
layers	O
of	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
(	O
the	O
Mach	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
and	O
the	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
layers	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
it	O
)	O
were	O
re-packaged	O
and	O
released	O
under	O
the	O
Apple	B-License
Public	I-License
Source	I-License
License	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
became	O
known	O
as	O
Darwin	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Darwin	B-Operating_System
kernel	O
provides	O
a	O
stable	O
and	O
flexible	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
takes	O
advantage	O
of	O
the	O
contributions	O
of	O
programmers	O
and	O
independent	O
open-source	O
projects	O
outside	O
Apple	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
it	O
sees	O
little	O
use	O
outside	O
the	O
Macintosh	B-Device
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
this	O
period	O
,	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
had	O
increased	O
in	O
popularity	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
effort	O
was	O
started	O
to	O
improve	O
Mac	B-Device
Java	B-Language
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
consisted	O
of	O
porting	O
a	O
high-speed	O
Java	B-Language
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
to	O
the	O
platform	O
,	O
and	O
exposing	O
macOS-specific	O
"	O
Cocoa	B-Operating_System
"	O
APIs	O
to	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
language	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
OS	O
—	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
1.0	I-Operating_System
—	O
used	O
a	O
modified	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
GUI	B-Application
,	O
but	O
all	O
client	O
versions	O
starting	O
with	O
Mac	B-Device
OS	I-Device
X	I-Device
Developer	O
Preview	O
3	O
used	O
a	O
new	O
theme	O
known	O
as	O
Aqua	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Aqua	B-Application
was	O
a	O
substantial	O
departure	O
from	O
the	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
9	I-Operating_System
interface	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
evolved	O
with	O
little	O
change	O
from	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
Macintosh	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
:	O
it	O
incorporated	O
full	O
color	O
scalable	O
graphics	O
,	O
anti-aliasing	O
of	O
text	O
and	O
graphics	O
,	O
simulated	O
shading	O
and	O
highlights	O
,	O
transparency	O
and	O
shadows	O
,	O
and	O
animation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
this	O
,	O
Mac	B-Device
OS	I-Device
X	I-Device
maintained	O
a	O
substantial	O
degree	O
of	O
consistency	O
with	O
the	O
traditional	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
interface	O
and	O
Apple	O
's	O
own	O
,	O
with	O
its	O
pull-down	O
menu	O
at	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
screen	O
,	O
familiar	O
keyboard	O
shortcuts	O
,	O
and	O
support	O
for	O
a	O
single-button	O
mouse	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
development	O
of	O
Aqua	B-Application
was	O
delayed	O
somewhat	O
by	O
the	O
switch	O
from	O
OpenStep	B-Operating_System
's	O
Display	O
PostScript	O
engine	O
to	O
one	O
developed	O
in-house	O
that	O
was	O
free	O
of	O
any	O
license	O
restrictions	O
,	O
known	O
as	O
Quartz	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
exception	O
of	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
1.0	I-Operating_System
and	O
the	O
original	O
public	O
beta	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
several	O
macOS	B-Operating_System
versions	I-Operating_System
were	O
named	O
after	O
big	O
cats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
to	O
its	O
release	O
,	O
version	B-Operating_System
10.0	I-Operating_System
was	O
code	O
named	O
"	O
Cheetah	O
"	O
internally	O
at	O
Apple	O
,	O
and	O
version	B-Operating_System
10.1	I-Operating_System
was	O
code	O
named	O
internally	O
as	O
"	O
Puma	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
code	O
name	O
"	O
Jaguar	B-Device
"	O
for	O
version	B-Operating_System
10.2	I-Operating_System
received	O
publicity	O
in	O
the	O
media	O
,	O
Apple	O
began	O
openly	O
using	O
the	O
names	O
to	O
promote	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
:	O
10.3	B-Operating_System
was	O
marketed	O
as	O
"	O
Panther	B-Operating_System
"	O
,	O
10.4	B-Application
as	O
"	O
Tiger	O
"	O
,	O
10.5	B-Application
as	O
"	O
Leopard	B-Application
"	O
,	O
10.6	B-Device
as	O
"	O
Snow	B-Device
Leopard	I-Device
"	O
,	O
10.7	B-Application
as	O
"	O
Lion	B-Application
"	O
,	O
and	O
10.8	B-Operating_System
as	O
"	O
Mountain	O
Lion	B-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Panther	B-Operating_System
"	O
,	O
"	O
Tiger	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
"	O
Leopard	B-Application
"	O
were	O
registered	O
as	O
trademarks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
started	O
using	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
locations	O
in	O
California	O
for	O
subsequent	O
releases	O
:	O
10.9	B-Operating_System
Mavericks	I-Operating_System
is	O
named	O
after	O
Mavericks	O
,	O
a	O
popular	O
surfing	O
destination	O
;	O
10.10	B-Device
Yosemite	I-Device
is	O
named	O
after	O
Yosemite	O
National	O
Park	O
;	O
10.11	B-Operating_System
El	I-Operating_System
Capitan	I-Operating_System
is	O
named	O
for	O
the	O
El	O
Capitan	O
rock	O
formation	O
in	O
Yosemite	O
National	O
Park	O
;	O
10.12	B-Operating_System
Sierra	I-Operating_System
is	O
named	O
for	O
the	O
Sierra	O
Nevada	O
mountain	O
range	O
;	O
and	O
10.13	B-Operating_System
High	I-Operating_System
Sierra	I-Operating_System
is	O
named	O
for	O
the	O
area	O
around	O
the	O
High	B-Operating_System
Sierra	I-Operating_System
Camps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
13	O
,	O
2000	O
,	O
Apple	O
released	O
a	O
$29.95	O
"	O
preview	O
"	O
version	O
of	O
Mac	B-Device
OS	I-Device
X	I-Device
(	O
internally	O
codenamed	O
Kodiak	O
)	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
gain	O
feedback	O
from	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
marked	O
the	O
first	O
public	O
availability	O
of	O
the	O
Aqua	B-Application
interface	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Apple	O
made	O
many	O
changes	O
to	O
the	O
UI	O
based	O
on	O
customer	O
feedback	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
Public	I-Operating_System
Beta	I-Operating_System
expired	O
and	O
ceased	O
to	O
function	O
in	O
spring	O
2001	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
24	O
,	O
2001	O
,	O
Apple	O
released	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
10.0	I-Operating_System
(	O
internally	O
codenamed	O
Cheetah	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
many	O
critics	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
was	O
not	O
ready	O
for	O
mainstream	O
adoption	O
,	O
they	O
recognized	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
its	O
initial	O
launch	O
as	O
a	O
base	O
on	O
which	O
to	O
improve	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Simply	O
releasing	O
Mac	B-Device
OS	I-Device
X	I-Device
was	O
received	O
by	O
the	O
Macintosh	B-Device
community	O
as	O
a	O
great	O
accomplishment	O
,	O
for	O
attempts	O
to	O
completely	O
overhaul	O
the	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
had	O
been	O
underway	O
since	O
1996	O
,	O
and	O
delayed	O
by	O
countless	O
setbacks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
some	O
bug	O
fixes	O
,	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
panics	I-Operating_System
became	O
much	O
less	O
frequent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
10.1	I-Operating_System
(	O
internally	O
codenamed	O
Puma	O
)	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
September	O
25	O
,	O
2001	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
released	O
a	O
upgrade	O
CD	O
for	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
9	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
7	O
,	O
2002	O
,	O
Apple	O
announced	O
that	O
Mac	B-Device
OS	I-Device
X	I-Device
was	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
default	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
for	O
all	O
Macintosh	B-Device
products	O
by	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
that	O
month	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
followed	O
up	O
with	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
10.2	I-Operating_System
Jaguar	I-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
first	O
release	O
to	O
use	O
its	O
code	O
name	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
branding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
)	O
,	O
including	O
Quartz	B-Operating_System
Extreme	O
for	O
compositing	O
graphics	O
directly	O
on	O
an	O
ATI	B-Device
Radeon	I-Device
or	O
Nvidia	O
GeForce2	O
MX	O
AGP-based	O
video	O
card	O
with	O
at	O
least	O
16	O
MB	O
of	O
VRAM	O
,	O
a	O
system-wide	O
repository	O
for	O
contact	O
information	O
in	O
the	O
new	O
Address	B-Operating_System
Book	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
an	O
instant	B-Application
messaging	I-Application
client	O
named	O
iChat	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Happy	O
Mac	B-Device
which	O
had	O
appeared	O
during	O
the	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
startup	O
sequence	O
for	O
almost	O
18	O
years	O
was	O
replaced	O
with	O
a	O
large	O
grey	O
Apple	O
logo	O
with	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
10.2	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
Panther	I-Operating_System
was	O
released	O
on	O
October	O
24	O
,	O
2003	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Panther	B-Operating_System
included	O
as	O
many	O
or	O
more	O
new	O
features	O
as	O
Jaguar	B-Device
had	O
the	O
year	O
before	O
,	O
including	O
an	O
updated	O
Finder	B-Application
,	O
incorporating	O
a	O
brushed-metal	O
interface	O
,	O
Fast	O
user	O
switching	O
,	O
Exposé	O
(	O
Window	O
manager	O
)	O
,	O
FileVault	O
,	O
Safari	B-Application
,	O
iChat	B-Protocol
AV	I-Protocol
(	O
which	O
added	O
videoconferencing	B-Application
features	O
to	O
iChat	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
improved	O
Portable	B-Application
Document	I-Application
Format	I-Application
(	O
PDF	B-Application
)	O
rendering	O
and	O
much	O
greater	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
interoperability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
some	O
early	O
G3	O
computers	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Power	B-Device
Macintosh	I-Device
and	O
PowerBook	B-Device
was	O
discontinued	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
Tiger	I-Application
was	O
released	O
on	O
April	O
29	O
,	O
2005	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
with	O
Panther	B-Operating_System
,	O
certain	O
older	O
machines	O
were	O
no	O
longer	O
supported	O
;	O
Tiger	O
requires	O
a	O
Mac	B-Device
with	O
a	O
built-in	O
FireWire	B-Protocol
port	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Among	O
the	O
new	O
features	O
,	O
Tiger	O
introduced	O
Spotlight	B-Application
,	O
Dashboard	B-Application
,	O
Smart	O
Folders	O
,	O
updated	O
Mail	B-Operating_System
program	O
with	O
Smart	O
Mailboxes	O
,	O
QuickTime	B-Application
7	I-Application
,	O
Safari	B-Application
2	O
,	O
Automator	O
,	O
VoiceOver	B-Operating_System
,	O
Core	B-Operating_System
Image	I-Operating_System
and	O
Core	B-Operating_System
Video	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
initial	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
TV	I-Device
used	O
a	O
modified	O
version	O
of	O
Tiger	O
with	O
a	O
different	O
graphical	B-Application
interface	I-Application
and	O
fewer	O
applications	O
and	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
10	O
,	O
2006	O
,	O
Apple	O
released	O
the	O
first	O
Intel	O
x86-based	O
Macs	B-Device
along	O
with	O
the	O
10.4.4	O
update	O
to	O
Tiger	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
functioned	O
identically	O
on	O
the	O
PowerPC-based	O
Macs	B-Device
and	O
the	O
new	O
Intel-based	O
machines	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
exception	O
of	O
the	O
Intel	B-Device
release	O
dropping	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
Classic	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
10.4.4	O
introduced	O
Rosetta	B-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
translated	O
32-bit	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
machine	O
code	O
to	O
32-bit	O
x86	B-Operating_System
code	O
,	O
allowing	O
applications	O
for	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
to	O
run	O
on	O
Intel-based	B-Device
Macs	I-Device
without	O
modification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Only	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
Macs	B-Device
can	O
be	O
booted	O
from	O
retail	O
copies	O
of	O
the	O
Tiger	O
client	O
DVD	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
Universal	O
DVD	O
of	O
Tiger	O
Server	O
10.4.7	O
(	O
8K1079	O
)	O
that	O
can	O
boot	O
both	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
and	O
Intel	B-Device
Macs	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
Leopard	I-Application
was	O
released	O
on	O
October	O
26	O
,	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
called	O
it	O
"	O
the	O
largest	O
update	O
of	O
Mac	B-Device
OS	I-Device
X	I-Device
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Leopard	B-Application
supports	O
both	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
-	O
and	O
Intel	O
x86-based	O
Macintosh	B-Device
computers	I-Device
;	O
support	O
for	O
Macs	B-Device
with	O
the	O
G3	O
processor	O
was	O
dropped	O
,	O
and	O
Macs	B-Device
with	O
the	O
G4	O
processor	O
required	O
a	O
minimum	O
clock	O
rate	O
of	O
867MHz	O
and	O
at	O
least	O
512	O
MB	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
to	O
be	O
installed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
single	O
DVD	O
works	O
for	O
all	O
supported	O
Macs	B-Device
(	O
including	O
64-bit	B-Device
machines	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
features	O
include	O
a	O
new	O
look	O
,	O
an	O
updated	O
Finder	B-Application
,	O
Time	B-Operating_System
Machine	I-Operating_System
,	O
Spaces	O
,	O
Boot	B-Application
Camp	I-Application
pre-installed	O
,	O
full	O
support	O
for	O
64-bit	B-Device
applications	O
(	O
including	O
graphical	O
applications	O
)	O
,	O
new	O
features	O
in	O
Mail	B-Operating_System
and	O
iChat	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
new	O
security	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Leopard	B-Application
is	O
an	O
Open	O
Brand	O
UNIX	B-Application
03	O
registered	O
product	O
on	O
the	O
Intel	B-Device
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
also	O
the	O
first	O
BSD-based	B-Operating_System
OS	O
to	O
receive	O
UNIX	B-Application
03	O
certification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Leopard	B-Application
dropped	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
Classic	O
Environment	O
and	O
all	O
Classic	O
applications	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
the	O
final	O
version	O
of	O
Mac	B-Device
OS	I-Device
X	I-Device
to	O
support	O
the	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mac	B-Device
OS	I-Device
X	I-Device
Snow	I-Device
Leopard	I-Device
was	O
released	O
on	O
August	O
28	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
the	O
last	O
version	O
to	O
be	O
available	O
on	O
disc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rather	O
than	O
delivering	O
big	O
changes	O
to	O
the	O
appearance	O
and	O
end	O
user	O
functionality	O
like	O
the	O
previous	O
releases	O
of	O
,	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
Snow	B-Device
Leopard	I-Device
was	O
deliberately	O
focused	O
on	O
"	O
under	O
the	O
hood	O
"	O
changes	O
,	O
increasing	O
the	O
performance	O
,	O
efficiency	O
,	O
and	O
stability	O
of	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
most	O
users	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
noticeable	O
changes	O
are	O
these	O
:	O
the	O
disk	O
space	O
that	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
frees	O
up	O
after	O
a	O
clean	O
installation	O
compared	O
to	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
10.5	I-Application
Leopard	I-Application
,	O
a	O
more	O
responsive	O
Finder	B-Application
rewritten	O
in	O
Cocoa	B-Operating_System
,	O
faster	O
Time	B-Operating_System
Machine	I-Operating_System
backups	O
,	O
more	O
reliable	O
and	O
user	O
friendly	O
disk	O
ejects	O
,	O
a	O
more	O
powerful	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Preview	O
application	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
faster	O
Safari	B-Application
web	I-Application
browser	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
update	O
introduced	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
Mac	B-Application
App	I-Application
Store	I-Application
,	O
Apple	O
's	O
digital	O
distribution	O
platform	O
for	O
macOS	B-Application
applications	O
and	O
subsequent	O
macOS	B-Application
upgrades	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Snow	B-Device
Leopard	I-Device
only	O
supports	O
Macs	B-Device
with	O
Intel	B-Device
CPUs	O
,	O
requires	O
at	O
least	O
1	O
GB	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
,	O
and	O
drops	O
default	O
support	O
for	O
applications	O
built	O
for	O
the	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
architecture	O
(	O
Rosetta	B-Operating_System
can	O
be	O
installed	O
as	O
an	O
additional	O
component	O
to	O
retain	O
support	O
for	O
PowerPC-only	O
applications	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
Lion	I-Application
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
OS	B-Application
X	I-Application
Lion	I-Application
)	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
July	O
20	O
,	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
brought	O
developments	O
made	O
in	O
Apple	O
's	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
,	O
such	O
as	O
an	O
easily	O
navigable	O
display	O
of	O
installed	O
applications	O
(	O
Launchpad	O
)	O
and	O
(	O
a	O
greater	O
use	O
of	O
)	O
multi-touch	B-Application
gestures	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
Mac	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
release	O
removed	O
Rosetta	B-Operating_System
,	O
making	O
it	O
incapable	O
of	O
running	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
dropped	O
support	O
for	O
32-bit	O
Intel	B-Device
processors	O
and	O
requires	O
2GB	O
of	O
memory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Changes	O
made	O
to	O
the	O
GUI	B-Application
(	O
Graphical	B-Application
User	I-Application
Interface	I-Application
)	O
include	O
the	O
Launchpad	O
(	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
home	O
screen	O
of	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
and	O
iPadOS	O
devices	O
)	O
,	O
auto-hiding	O
scrollbars	O
that	O
only	O
appear	O
when	O
they	O
are	O
being	O
used	O
,	O
and	O
Mission	O
Control	O
,	O
which	O
unifies	O
Exposé	O
,	O
Spaces	O
,	O
Dashboard	B-Application
,	O
and	O
full-screen	O
applications	O
within	O
a	O
single	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
also	O
made	O
changes	O
to	O
applications	O
:	O
they	O
resume	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
state	O
as	O
they	O
were	O
before	O
they	O
were	O
closed	O
(	O
similar	O
to	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
Mountain	I-Operating_System
Lion	I-Operating_System
was	O
released	O
on	O
July	O
25	O
,	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
incorporates	O
some	O
features	O
seen	O
in	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
5	O
,	O
which	O
include	O
Game	B-Operating_System
Center	I-Operating_System
,	O
support	O
for	O
iMessage	O
in	O
the	O
new	O
Messages	B-Protocol
messaging	O
application	O
,	O
and	O
Reminders	O
as	O
a	O
to-do	O
list	O
app	O
separate	O
from	O
iCal	B-Language
(	O
which	O
is	O
renamed	O
as	O
Calendar	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
app	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
includes	O
support	O
for	O
storing	O
iWork	B-Application
documents	O
in	O
iCloud	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notification	B-Operating_System
Center	I-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
makes	O
its	O
debut	O
in	O
Mountain	O
Lion	B-Application
,	O
is	O
a	O
desktop	O
version	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
one	O
in	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
5.0	O
and	O
higher	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mountain	O
Lion	B-Application
also	O
includes	O
more	O
Chinese	O
features	O
,	O
including	O
support	O
for	O
Baidu	B-Application
as	O
an	O
option	O
for	O
Safari	B-Application
search	O
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notification	B-Operating_System
Center	I-Operating_System
is	O
added	O
,	O
providing	O
an	O
overview	O
of	O
alerts	O
from	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notes	B-Operating_System
is	O
added	O
,	O
as	O
an	O
application	O
separate	O
from	O
Mail	B-Operating_System
,	O
synching	O
with	O
its	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
counterpart	O
through	O
the	O
iCloud	B-Application
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Messages	B-Protocol
,	O
an	O
instant	B-Application
messaging	I-Application
software	B-Application
application	I-Application
,	O
replaces	O
iChat	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
Mavericks	I-Operating_System
was	O
released	O
on	O
October	O
22	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
free	O
update	O
through	O
the	O
Mac	B-Application
App	I-Application
Store	I-Application
worldwide	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
placed	O
emphasis	O
on	O
battery	O
life	O
,	O
Finder	B-Application
enhancements	O
,	O
other	O
enhancements	O
for	O
power	O
users	O
,	O
and	O
continued	O
iCloud	B-Application
integration	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
bringing	O
more	O
of	O
Apple	O
's	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
apps	O
to	O
the	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
iBooks	B-Application
and	O
Apple	B-Application
Maps	I-Application
applications	O
were	O
added	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
previous	O
versions	O
of	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
had	O
progressively	O
decreasing	O
prices	O
since	O
10.6	B-Device
,	O
10.9	O
was	O
available	O
at	O
no	O
charge	O
to	O
all	O
users	O
of	O
compatible	O
systems	O
running	O
Snow	B-Device
Leopard	I-Device
(	O
10.6	B-Device
)	O
or	O
later	O
,	O
beginning	O
Apple	O
's	O
policy	O
of	O
free	O
upgrades	O
for	O
life	O
on	O
its	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
and	O
business	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OS	B-Device
X	I-Device
Yosemite	I-Device
was	O
released	O
to	O
the	O
general	O
public	O
on	O
October	O
16	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
free	O
update	O
through	O
the	O
Mac	B-Application
App	I-Application
Store	I-Application
worldwide	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
featured	O
a	O
major	O
overhaul	O
of	O
user	O
interface	O
,	O
replaced	O
skeuomorphism	O
with	O
flat	O
graphic	O
design	O
and	O
blurred	O
translucency	O
effects	O
,	O
following	O
the	O
aesthetic	O
introduced	O
with	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
7	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
introduced	O
features	O
called	O
Continuity	O
and	O
Handoff	O
,	O
which	O
allow	O
for	O
tighter	O
integration	O
between	O
paired	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
and	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
devices	O
:	O
the	O
user	O
can	O
handle	O
phone	O
calls	O
or	O
text	O
messages	B-Protocol
on	O
either	O
their	O
Mac	B-Device
or	O
their	O
iPhone	O
,	O
and	O
edit	O
the	O
same	O
Pages	O
document	O
on	O
either	O
their	O
Mac	B-Device
or	O
their	O
iPad	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
later	O
update	O
of	O
the	O
OS	O
included	O
Photos	O
as	O
a	O
replacement	O
for	O
iPhoto	B-Operating_System
and	O
Aperture	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
El	I-Operating_System
Capitan	I-Operating_System
was	O
revealed	O
on	O
June	O
8	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
WWDC15	O
keynote	O
speech	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
described	O
this	O
release	O
as	O
containing	O
"	O
Refinements	O
to	O
the	O
Mac	B-Device
Experience	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
Improvements	O
to	O
System	O
Performance	O
"	O
rather	O
than	O
new	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Refinements	O
include	O
public	O
transport	O
built	O
into	O
the	O
Maps	B-Application
application	O
,	O
GUI	B-Application
improvements	O
to	O
the	O
Notes	B-Operating_System
application	I-Operating_System
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
adopting	O
San	O
Francisco	O
as	O
the	O
system	O
font	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Metal	B-Library
API	I-Library
,	O
an	O
application	O
enhancing	O
software	O
,	O
had	O
debuted	O
in	O
this	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
being	O
available	O
to	O
"	O
all	O
Macs	B-Device
since	O
2012	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
macOS	B-Operating_System
Sierra	I-Operating_System
was	O
announced	O
on	O
June	O
13	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
WWDC16	O
keynote	O
speech	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
update	O
brought	O
the	O
Siri	B-Application
assistant	O
to	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
featuring	O
several	O
Mac-specific	O
features	O
,	O
like	O
searching	O
for	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
allowed	O
websites	O
to	O
support	O
Apple	B-Application
Pay	I-Application
as	O
a	O
method	O
of	O
transferring	O
payment	O
,	O
using	O
either	O
a	O
nearby	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
device	O
or	O
Touch	O
ID	O
to	O
authenticate	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
iCloud	B-Application
also	O
received	O
several	O
improvements	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
store	O
a	O
user	O
's	O
Desktop	O
and	O
Documents	O
folders	O
on	O
iCloud	B-Application
so	O
they	O
could	O
be	O
synced	O
with	O
other	O
Macs	B-Device
on	O
the	O
same	O
Apple	O
ID	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
macOS	B-Operating_System
High	I-Operating_System
Sierra	I-Operating_System
was	O
announced	O
on	O
June	O
5	O
,	O
2017	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
WWDC17	O
keynote	O
speech	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
release	O
includes	O
many	O
under-the-hood	O
improvements	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
switch	O
to	O
Apple	B-Application
File	I-Application
System	I-Application
(	O
APFS	B-Application
)	O
,	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
Metal	B-Library
2	I-Library
,	O
support	O
for	O
HEVC	B-Algorithm
video	I-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
improvements	O
to	O
VR	B-Application
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
numerous	O
changes	O
were	O
made	O
to	O
standard	O
applications	O
including	O
Photos	O
,	O
Safari	B-Application
,	O
Notes	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
Spotlight	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
macOS	B-Device
Mojave	I-Device
was	O
announced	O
on	O
June	O
4	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
WWDC18	O
keynote	O
speech	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
macOS	B-Device
Catalina	I-Device
was	O
announced	O
on	O
June	O
3	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
WWDC19	O
keynote	O
speech	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
macOS	B-Application
not	O
to	O
support	O
32-bit	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Dashboard	B-Application
application	O
was	O
also	O
removed	O
in	O
the	O
update	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
macOS	B-Device
Catalina	I-Device
,	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
apps	O
can	O
run	O
on	O
macOS	B-Application
with	O
Project	B-Operating_System
Catalyst	I-Operating_System
but	O
requires	O
the	O
app	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
compatible	O
unlike	O
ARM-powered	O
Apple	B-Device
silicon	I-Device
Macs	B-Device
that	O
can	O
run	O
all	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
apps	O
by	O
default	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
macOS	B-Operating_System
Big	I-Operating_System
Sur	I-Operating_System
was	O
announced	O
on	O
June	O
22	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
WWDC20	O
keynote	O
speech	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
major	O
version	O
number	O
is	O
changed	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
since	O
"	O
Mac	B-Device
OS	I-Device
X	I-Device
"	O
was	O
released	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
macOS	B-Operating_System
11	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
brings	O
ARM	B-Architecture
support	O
,	O
new	O
icons	O
,	O
GUI	B-Application
changes	O
to	O
the	O
system	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
bug	O
fixes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
macOS	O
11.2.3	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
possible	O
to	O
install	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
apps	O
by	O
default	O
from	O
an	O
IPA	O
file	O
instead	O
of	O
the	O
Mac	B-Application
App	I-Application
Store	I-Application
on	O
Apple	B-Device
silicon	I-Device
Macs	B-Device
,	O
which	O
now	O
requires	O
a	O
third-party	O
software	O
to	O
unlock	O
the	O
functionality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Big	B-Operating_System
Sur	I-Operating_System
introduced	O
Rosetta	B-Operating_System
2	O
to	O
allow	O
64-bit	B-Device
Intel	B-Device
applications	O
to	O
run	O
on	O
Apple	B-Device
silicon	I-Device
Macs	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
Intel-based	B-Device
Macs	I-Device
are	O
unable	O
to	O
run	O
ARM-based	O
applications	O
,	O
including	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
and	O
iPadOS	O
apps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
macOS	B-Device
Monterey	I-Device
was	O
announced	O
on	O
June	O
7	O
,	O
2021	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
WWDC21	O
keynote	O
speech	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
October	O
25	O
,	O
2021	O
.	O
macOS	B-Device
Monterey	I-Device
introduces	O
new	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
Portrait	O
mode	O
in	O
FaceTime	O
,	O
Universal	O
Control	O
,	O
AirPlay	O
to	O
Mac	B-Device
,	O
Shortcuts	O
application	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Shortcuts	O
app	O
was	O
also	O
introduced	O
to	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
giving	O
users	O
access	O
to	O
galleries	O
of	O
pre-built	O
shortcuts	O
,	O
designed	O
for	O
Macs	B-Device
,	O
a	O
service	O
brought	O
from	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
macOS	B-Operating_System
Ventura	I-Operating_System
was	O
announced	O
on	O
June	O
6	O
,	O
2022	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
WWDC22	O
keynote	O
speech	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
October	O
24	O
,	O
2022	O
.	O
macOS	B-Operating_System
Ventura	I-Operating_System
introduces	O
Stage	O
Manager	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
and	O
optional	O
window	O
manager	O
,	O
Continuity	O
Camera	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
program	O
that	O
allows	O
Mac	B-Device
users	O
to	O
use	O
their	O
iPhone	O
as	O
a	O
camera	O
,	O
and	O
several	O
other	O
new	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
