<s>
MacIP	B-Protocol
refers	O
to	O
a	O
standard	O
for	O
encapsulating	O
Internet	B-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
IP	O
)	O
packets	O
within	O
the	O
AppleTalk	B-Application
DDP	B-Protocol
protocol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allows	O
Macintosh	B-Device
computers	O
with	O
LocalTalk	B-Device
networking	O
hardware	O
to	O
access	O
the	O
normally	O
Ethernet-based	O
connections	O
for	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
based	O
network	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
an	O
important	O
bridging	O
technology	O
during	O
the	O
era	O
when	O
Ethernet	O
and	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
were	O
rapidly	O
growing	O
in	O
popularity	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Software	O
implementing	O
MacIP	B-Protocol
,	O
such	O
as	O
MacTCP	B-Operating_System
or	O
Open	B-Protocol
Transport	I-Protocol
,	O
was	O
installed	O
on	O
the	O
computer	O
and	O
a	O
MacIP	B-Protocol
Gateway	O
was	O
placed	O
elsewhere	O
on	O
the	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Applications	O
that	O
communicate	O
with	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
(	O
such	O
as	O
Telnet	B-Protocol
)	O
have	O
their	O
IP	O
packets	O
encapsulated	O
in	O
DDP	B-Protocol
for	O
transmission	O
across	O
the	O
LocalTalk	B-Device
network	O
to	O
the	O
MacIP	B-Protocol
Gateway	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MacIP	B-Protocol
Gateway	O
strips	O
off	O
the	O
DDP	B-Protocol
encapsulation	O
and	O
forwards	O
the	O
IP	O
packet	O
on	O
the	O
IP	B-Protocol
network	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
gateways	O
were	O
often	O
implemented	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
LocalTalk-to-Ethernet	B-Protocol
bridge	I-Protocol
device	O
,	O
small	O
hardware	O
systems	O
primarily	O
designed	O
to	O
allow	O
communications	O
between	O
LocalTalk	B-Device
and	O
EtherTalk	B-Application
equipped	O
AppleTalk	B-Application
machines	O
(	O
like	O
the	O
Mac	O
II	O
and	O
a	O
LaserWriter	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MacIP	B-Protocol
routing	O
was	O
often	O
implemented	O
as	O
an	O
optional	O
adjunct	O
to	O
the	O
AppleTalk	B-Application
routing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cisco	O
Systems	O
supported	O
AppleTalk	B-Application
in	O
their	O
proprietary	O
IOS	B-Protocol
(	O
up	O
to	O
and	O
including	O
version	O
12.4(15 )	O
T14	O
,	O
on	O
select	O
platforms	O
)	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
could	O
provide	O
MacIP-Services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
practice	O
of	O
encapsulating	O
IP	O
packets	O
within	O
DDP	B-Protocol
was	O
originally	O
developed	O
at	O
Stanford	O
University	O
as	O
the	O
Stanford	O
Ethernet	O
-	O
AppleTalk	B-Application
Gateway	O
(	O
SEAGATE	O
)	O
by	O
Bill	O
Croft	O
in	O
1984	O
and	O
1985	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Kinetics	B-Protocol
Internet	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
KIP	O
)	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
integrate	O
with	O
their	O
FastPath	B-Device
LocalTalk-to-Ethernet	B-Protocol
bridge	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
Computer	O
embraced	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
encapsulation	O
technology	O
,	O
which	O
came	O
to	O
be	O
known	O
as	O
MacIP	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
mandates	O
for	O
the	O
Internet	O
Engineering	O
Task	O
Force	O
(	O
IETF	O
)	O
"	O
IP	O
over	O
AppleTalk	B-Application
"	O
working	O
group	O
was	O
to	O
document	O
existing	O
MacIP	B-Protocol
implementations	O
and	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
specification	O
for	O
MacIP	B-Protocol
that	O
could	O
be	O
proposed	O
as	O
a	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
subsequently	O
developed	O
a	O
new	O
protocol	O
AppleShare	B-General_Concept
IP	I-General_Concept
which	O
is	O
not	O
backwardly	O
compatible	O
.	O
</s>
