<s>
In	O
1982	O
,	O
Melbourne	O
House	O
began	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
licensed	O
Lord	B-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Rings	I-Application
graphical	O
interactive	O
fiction	O
(	O
text	O
adventure	O
)	O
games	O
with	O
The	B-Application
Hobbit	I-Application
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
book	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
name	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
went	O
on	O
to	O
release	O
1986	O
's	O
The	B-Application
Fellowship	I-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Ring	I-Application
,	O
1987	O
's	O
Shadows	B-Application
of	I-Application
Mordor	I-Application
,	O
and	O
1989	O
's	O
The	O
Crack	O
of	O
Doom	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
BBC	B-Device
Micro	I-Device
text	O
adventure	O
released	O
around	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
was	O
unrelated	O
to	O
Melbourne	O
's	O
titles	O
except	O
for	O
the	O
literary	O
origin	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1987	O
,	O
Melbourne	O
House	O
released	O
War	B-Device
in	I-Device
Middle	I-Device
Earth	I-Device
,	O
a	O
real-time	O
strategy	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Konami	O
also	O
released	O
an	O
action-strategy	O
game	O
titled	O
J	B-Application
.	I-Application
R	I-Application
.	I-Application
R	I-Application
.	I-Application
Tolkien	I-Application
's	I-Application
Riders	I-Application
of	I-Application
Rohan	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1990	O
,	O
Interplay	O
,	O
in	O
collaboration	O
with	O
Electronic	O
Arts	O
(	O
who	O
would	O
later	O
obtain	O
the	O
licenses	O
to	O
the	O
film	O
trilogy	O
)	O
,	O
released	O
Lord	B-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Rings	I-Application
Vol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
I	O
(	O
a	O
special	O
CD-ROM	O
version	O
of	O
which	O
featured	O
cut-scenes	O
from	O
Ralph	O
Bakshi	O
's	O
animated	O
adaptation	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
following	O
year	O
's	O
Lord	B-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Rings	I-Application
Vol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
II	O
:	O
The	B-Application
Two	I-Application
Towers	I-Application
,	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
role-playing	O
video	O
games	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
events	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
two	O
books	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Interplay	O
's	O
games	O
mostly	O
appeared	O
on	O
the	O
PC	O
and	O
Amiga	O
,	O
but	O
later	O
they	O
did	O
a	O
Lord	B-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Rings	I-Application
game	O
for	O
the	O
SNES	B-Application
,	O
which	O
was	O
different	O
from	O
the	O
PC	O
Version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Lord	B-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Rings	I-Application
game	O
for	O
Sega	B-Operating_System
Genesis	I-Operating_System
was	O
planned	O
to	O
be	O
released	O
by	O
Electronic	O
Arts	O
but	O
never	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thereafter	O
,	O
no	O
official	O
The	O
Lord	B-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Rings	I-Application
titles	O
were	O
released	O
until	O
the	O
making	O
of	O
Peter	O
Jackson	O
's	O
The	O
Lord	B-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Rings	I-Application
film	O
trilogy	O
for	O
New	O
Line	O
Cinema	O
in	O
2001	O
–	O
2003	O
,	O
which	O
brought	O
the	O
story	O
to	O
the	O
mass	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
gave	O
rise	O
to	O
an	O
unusual	O
situation	O
:	O
Electronic	O
Arts	O
produced	O
no	O
adaptation	O
of	O
The	B-Application
Fellowship	I-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Ring	I-Application
,	O
but	O
produced	O
adaptations	O
named	O
The	B-Application
Lord	I-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Rings	I-Application
:	I-Application
The	I-Application
Two	I-Application
Towers	I-Application
(	O
which	O
covered	O
events	O
of	O
both	O
the	O
first	O
two	O
films	O
)	O
and	O
The	B-Application
Lord	I-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Rings	I-Application
:	I-Application
The	I-Application
Return	I-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
King	I-Application
,	O
whereas	O
Vivendi	O
only	O
produced	O
a	O
game	O
covering	O
the	O
first	O
volume	O
of	O
Tolkien	O
's	O
work	O
,	O
The	B-Application
Lord	I-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Rings	I-Application
:	I-Application
The	I-Application
Fellowship	I-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Ring	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
Vivendi	O
's	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
book	O
rights	O
prevented	O
them	O
from	O
using	O
material	O
from	O
the	O
film	O
,	O
it	O
permitted	O
them	O
to	O
include	O
elements	O
of	O
The	O
Lord	B-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Rings	I-Application
which	O
were	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
films	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2003	O
,	O
Vivendi	O
produced	O
an	O
adaptation	O
of	O
The	B-Application
Hobbit	I-Application
,	O
aimed	O
at	O
a	O
younger	O
audience	O
:	O
The	B-Application
Hobbit	I-Application
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
real-time	O
strategy	O
game	O
The	B-Application
Lord	I-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Rings	I-Application
:	I-Application
War	I-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Ring	I-Application
,	O
both	O
based	O
on	O
Tolkien	O
's	O
literature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Further	O
spin-offs	O
from	O
the	O
film	O
trilogy	O
were	O
produced	O
:	O
A	O
real	O
time	O
strategy	O
game	O
The	B-Application
Lord	I-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Rings	I-Application
:	I-Application
The	I-Application
Battle	I-Application
for	I-Application
Middle-earth	I-Application
,	O
and	O
a	O
turn	O
based	O
role-playing	O
game	O
The	B-Device
Lord	I-Device
of	I-Device
the	I-Device
Rings	I-Device
:	I-Device
The	I-Device
Third	I-Device
Age	I-Device
were	O
released	O
in	O
2004	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
PSP-exclusive	O
title	O
,	O
The	B-Device
Lord	I-Device
of	I-Device
the	I-Device
Rings	I-Device
:	I-Device
Tactics	I-Device
in	O
2005	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2005	O
,	O
EA	O
secured	O
the	O
rights	O
to	O
both	O
the	O
films	O
and	O
the	O
books	O
,	O
thus	O
The	B-Application
Lord	I-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Rings	I-Application
:	I-Application
The	I-Application
Battle	I-Application
for	I-Application
Middle-earth	I-Application
II	I-Application
incorporated	O
elements	O
of	O
the	O
film	O
adaptions	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
original	O
Tolkienesque	O
lore	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EA	O
also	O
began	O
work	O
on	O
an	O
open	O
world	O
role-playing	O
video	O
game	O
called	O
The	B-Device
Lord	I-Device
of	I-Device
the	I-Device
Rings	I-Device
:	I-Device
The	I-Device
White	I-Device
Council	I-Device
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
put	O
on	O
indefinite	O
hold	O
in	O
early	O
2007	O
,	O
with	O
no	O
further	O
information	O
about	O
its	O
developmental	O
or	O
release	O
status	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2005	O
Turbine	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
announced	O
that	O
they	O
had	O
acquired	O
exclusive	O
rights	O
to	O
create	O
massively	B-Protocol
multiplayer	I-Protocol
online	I-Protocol
role-playing	I-Protocol
games	I-Protocol
based	O
on	O
the	O
novel	O
by	O
Tolkien	O
Enterprises	O
,	O
and	O
launched	O
The	B-Protocol
Lord	I-Protocol
of	I-Protocol
the	I-Protocol
Rings	I-Protocol
Online	I-Protocol
:	I-Protocol
Shadows	I-Protocol
of	I-Protocol
Angmar	I-Protocol
on	O
24	O
April	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
,	O
the	O
game	O
covered	O
the	O
region	O
of	O
Eriador	O
,	O
from	O
the	O
Grey	O
Havens	O
to	O
the	O
Misty	O
Mountains	O
,	O
and	O
about	O
as	O
far	O
north	O
and	O
south	O
,	O
but	O
subsequent	O
updates	O
and	O
expansion	O
packs	O
have	O
more	O
than	O
doubled	O
the	O
game	O
world	O
,	O
including	O
areas	O
such	O
as	O
Moria	B-Application
,	O
Lothlórien	O
,	O
Mirkwood	O
,	O
Isengard	O
and	O
Rohan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
expansion	O
to	O
The	B-Protocol
Lord	I-Protocol
of	I-Protocol
the	I-Protocol
Rings	I-Protocol
Online	I-Protocol
was	O
released	O
on	O
18	O
November	O
2008	O
,	O
entitled	O
Mines	B-Protocol
of	I-Protocol
Moria	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
next	O
expansion	O
,	O
Siege	B-Protocol
of	I-Protocol
Mirkwood	I-Protocol
,	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
1	O
December	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
third	O
expansion	O
titled	O
Rise	B-Protocol
of	I-Protocol
Isengard	I-Protocol
went	O
live	O
on	O
27	O
September	O
2011	O
and	O
included	O
the	O
areas	O
of	O
Dunland	O
,	O
the	O
Gap	O
of	O
Rohan	O
and	O
Isengard	O
where	O
the	O
tower	O
of	O
Orthanc	O
is	O
located	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
fourth	O
expansion	O
,	O
Riders	B-Protocol
of	I-Protocol
Rohan	I-Protocol
,	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
15	O
October	O
2012	O
,	O
featuring	O
The	O
Eaves	O
of	O
Fangorn	O
and	O
eastern	O
part	O
of	O
Rohan	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
East	O
Wall	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
fifth	O
expansion	O
,	O
Helm	B-Protocol
's	I-Protocol
Deep	I-Protocol
,	O
launched	O
in	O
November	O
2013	O
and	O
added	O
the	O
remainder	O
of	O
the	O
Rohan	O
landscape	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Application
Lord	I-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Rings	I-Application
:	I-Application
Conquest	I-Application
produced	O
by	O
Pandemic	O
Studios	O
using	O
the	O
same	O
engine	O
used	O
in	O
Star	B-Application
Wars	I-Application
:	I-Application
Battlefront	I-Application
was	O
released	O
in	O
early	O
2009	O
on	O
the	O
PC	O
and	O
all	O
seventh-generation	O
video	O
game	O
systems	O
except	O
the	B-Operating_System
Wii	I-Operating_System
and	O
PSP	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
versions	O
received	O
mixed	O
reviews	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Device
DS	I-Device
version	O
garnering	O
slightly	O
better	O
reviews	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
Warner	O
Bros	O
.	O
gained	O
the	O
licence	O
to	O
publish	O
Middle-earth	O
video	O
games	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
game	O
to	O
be	O
published	O
under	O
this	O
new	O
licence	O
holder	O
would	O
be	O
The	B-Application
Lord	I-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Rings	I-Application
:	I-Application
Aragorn	I-Application
's	I-Application
Quest	I-Application
,	O
an	O
action-adventure	O
retelling	O
of	O
the	O
Peter	O
Jackson	O
film	O
trilogy	O
from	O
Aragorn	O
's	O
perspective	O
,	O
on	O
Nintendo	O
and	O
Sony	O
video	O
game	O
platforms	O
,	O
with	O
Wii	B-Operating_System
and	O
PlayStation	B-Operating_System
3	I-Operating_System
versions	O
taking	O
advantage	O
of	O
motion	B-Device
controls	I-Device
to	O
simulate	O
sword	O
,	O
shield	O
and	O
bow	O
combat	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
of	O
such	O
games	O
was	O
The	B-Application
Lord	I-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Rings	I-Application
:	I-Application
War	I-Application
in	I-Application
the	I-Application
North	I-Application
,	O
an	O
action	B-Application
role-playing	I-Application
game	I-Application
that	O
takes	O
place	O
in	O
Northern	O
Middle-earth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Then	O
Monolith	O
Productions	O
developed	O
a	O
two-game	O
,	O
non-canon	O
Middle-earth	O
:	O
Shadow	O
spin-off	O
series	O
,	O
set	O
during	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
The	B-Application
Hobbit	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
protagonist	O
of	O
these	O
two	O
action	B-Application
RPGs	I-Application
is	O
a	O
Ranger	O
named	O
Talion	O
who	O
bonds	O
with	O
the	O
Elf	O
spirit	O
Celebrimbor	O
,	O
gaining	O
wraith-like	O
powers	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
adversaries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
game	O
,	O
Middle-earth	B-Application
:	I-Application
Shadow	I-Application
of	I-Application
Mordor	I-Application
was	O
released	O
in	O
2014	O
,	O
with	O
its	O
sequel	O
,	O
Middle-earth	B-Application
:	I-Application
Shadow	I-Application
of	I-Application
War	I-Application
,	O
released	O
in	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
that	O
same	O
decade	O
,	O
Warner	O
Bros	O
.	O
released	O
Lego	B-Application
The	I-Application
Lord	I-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Rings	I-Application
and	O
Lego	B-Application
The	I-Application
Hobbit	I-Application
,	O
two	O
family-friendly	O
Lego	B-Language
video	O
game	O
adaptations	O
of	O
the	O
Lord	B-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Rings	I-Application
film	O
trilogy	O
,	O
The	B-Application
Hobbit	I-Application
:	O
An	O
Unexpected	O
Journey	O
and	O
The	B-Application
Hobbit	I-Application
:	O
The	O
Desolation	O
of	O
Smaug	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2019	O
The	O
Lord	B-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Rings	I-Application
:	O
Adventure	O
Card	O
Game	O
was	O
fully	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
enduring	O
unlicensed	O
games	O
are	O
Moria	B-Application
(	O
1983	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
roguelike	O
based	O
loosely	O
on	O
The	B-Application
Fellowship	I-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Ring	I-Application
(	O
and	O
unrelated	O
to	O
a	B-Application
1975	I-Application
game	I-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
same	I-Application
name	I-Application
with	O
only	O
scant	O
connection	O
to	O
Tolkien	O
)	O
;	O
its	O
various	O
forks	B-Application
such	O
as	O
Angband	B-Application
(	O
1990	O
)	O
,	O
loosely	O
based	O
on	O
The	O
Silmarillion	O
;	O
Elendor	O
(	O
1991	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
MUSH	B-Application
based	O
on	O
Tolkien	O
in	O
general	O
;	O
and	O
two	O
MUDs	B-Application
based	O
on	O
The	O
Lord	B-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Rings	I-Application
:	O
MUME	B-Protocol
(	O
Multi-Users	O
in	O
Middle-earth	O
)	O
(	O
1992	O
)	O
and	O
The	B-Application
Two	I-Application
Towers	I-Application
(	O
1994	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
homebrew	O
text	O
adventure	O
was	O
created	O
for	O
the	O
Atari	O
2600	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
The	B-Application
Fellowship	I-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Ring	I-Application
,	O
by	O
Adam	O
Thornton	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tolkien-inspired	O
mods	O
and	O
custom	O
maps	O
have	O
been	O
made	O
for	O
many	O
games	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Heroes	B-Application
of	I-Application
Might	I-Application
and	I-Application
Magic	I-Application
,	O
Warcraft	B-Application
III	I-Application
,	O
Neverwinter	B-Application
Nights	I-Application
,	O
Rome	B-Application
:	I-Application
Total	I-Application
War	I-Application
,	O
Medieval	B-Application
2	I-Application
:	I-Application
Total	I-Application
War	I-Application
,	O
Warlords	O
3	O
,	O
The	B-Application
Elder	I-Application
Scrolls	I-Application
V	I-Application
:	I-Application
Skyrim	I-Application
,	O
Mount	B-Application
&	I-Application
Blade	I-Application
,	O
Age	B-Application
of	I-Application
Empires	I-Application
II	I-Application
:	I-Application
The	I-Application
Age	I-Application
of	I-Application
Kings	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Age	B-Application
of	I-Application
Wonders	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
Minecraft	B-Application
has	O
been	O
used	O
extensively	O
as	O
a	O
tool	O
to	O
recreate	O
Middle-earth	O
,	O
most	O
notably	O
the	O
servers	O
MCME	O
(	O
Minecraft	B-Application
Middle	O
Earth	O
)	O
and	O
ArdaCraft	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
large-scale	O
mods	O
like	O
The	O
Lord	B-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Rings	I-Application
Mod	O
:	O
Bringing	O
Middle-earth	O
to	O
Minecraft	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Delta	O
4	O
released	O
the	O
two	O
parody	O
games	O
Bored	B-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Rings	I-Application
(	O
1985	O
,	O
not	O
directly	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Harvard	O
Lampoon	O
parody	O
novel	O
of	B-Application
the	I-Application
same	I-Application
name	I-Application
)	O
,	O
and	O
The	B-Application
Boggit	I-Application
(	O
1986	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
