<s>
MSX	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
standardized	O
home	O
computer	O
architecture	O
,	O
announced	O
by	O
ASCII	O
Corporation	O
on	O
June	O
16	O
,	O
1983	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
computer	O
sold	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
was	O
a	O
Mitsubishi	O
ML-8000	O
,	O
released	O
on	O
October	O
21	O
,	O
1983	O
,	O
thus	O
marking	O
its	O
official	O
release	O
date	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MSX	B-Operating_System
systems	O
were	O
popular	O
in	O
Japan	O
and	O
several	O
other	O
countries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Eventually	O
,	O
9	O
million	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
units	O
were	O
sold	O
worldwide	O
,	O
including	O
in	O
Japan	O
alone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
involvement	O
,	O
few	O
MSX-based	O
machines	O
were	O
released	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
meaning	O
of	O
the	O
acronym	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
remains	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
debate	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2001	O
,	O
Kazuhiko	O
Nishi	O
recalled	O
that	O
many	O
assumed	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
derived	O
from	O
"	O
Microsoft	O
Extended	O
"	O
,	O
referring	O
to	O
the	O
built-in	O
Microsoft	O
Extended	O
BASIC	O
(	O
MSX	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
felt	O
"	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
"	O
was	O
fit	O
because	O
it	O
means	O
"	O
the	O
next	O
of	O
Microsoft	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
also	O
contains	O
the	O
first	O
letters	O
of	O
Matsushita	O
(	O
Panasonic	O
)	O
and	O
Sony	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
the	O
success	O
of	O
Nintendo	O
's	O
Family	O
Computer	O
,	O
the	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
was	O
the	O
platform	O
that	O
major	O
Japanese	O
game	O
studios	O
such	O
as	O
Konami	O
and	O
Hudson	O
Soft	O
developed	O
for	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Metal	B-Application
Gear	I-Application
series	I-Application
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
was	O
first	O
written	O
for	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
early	O
1980s	O
,	O
most	O
home	O
computers	O
manufactured	O
in	O
Japan	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
NEC	B-Device
PC-6001	I-Device
and	O
PC-8000	B-Device
series	I-Device
,	O
Fujitsu	O
's	O
FM-7	B-Device
and	O
FM-8	B-Device
,	O
and	O
Hitachi	O
's	O
Basic	O
Master	O
featured	O
a	O
variant	O
of	O
the	O
Microsoft	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
interpreter	O
integrated	O
into	O
their	O
on-board	O
ROMs	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Major	O
Japanese	O
electronics	O
companies	O
entered	O
the	O
computer	O
market	O
in	O
the	O
1960s	O
,	O
and	O
Panasonic	O
(	O
Matsushita	O
Electric	O
Industrial	O
)	O
was	O
also	O
developing	O
mainframe	B-Architecture
computers	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
Panasonic	O
's	O
distributors	O
,	O
Yamagata	O
National	O
,	O
told	O
Panasonic	O
's	O
president	O
,	O
Toshihiko	O
Yamashita	O
,	O
that	O
"	O
Recently	O
,	O
NEC	O
's	O
personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
sell	O
well	O
in	O
Yamagata	O
too	O
,	O
and	O
our	O
dealers	O
also	O
request	O
merchandise	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
we	O
must	O
purchase	O
not	O
only	O
personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
,	O
but	O
also	O
home	O
appliances	O
from	O
NEC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
I	O
think	O
Matsushita	O
also	O
need	O
develop	O
personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Yamashita	O
ordered	O
the	O
vice	O
president	O
,	O
Shunkichi	O
Kisaka	O
,	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
personal	B-Device
computer	I-Device
,	O
and	O
Kisaka	O
called	O
on	O
Kazuyasu	O
Maeda	O
of	O
Matsushita	O
R&D	O
Center	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Idei	O
thought	O
Sony	O
should	O
cooperate	O
with	O
Panasonic	O
on	O
its	O
development	O
because	O
the	O
SMC-70	O
,	O
Sony	O
's	O
first	O
personal	B-Device
computer	I-Device
,	O
faced	O
difficulty	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
when	O
Sony	O
started	O
their	O
computer	O
business	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nishi	O
proposed	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
as	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
single	O
industry-standard	O
for	O
home	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Inspired	O
by	O
the	O
success	O
of	O
VHS	O
as	O
a	O
standard	O
for	O
video	O
cassette	O
recorders	O
,	O
many	O
Japanese	O
electronics	O
manufacturers	O
(	O
Including	O
GoldStar	O
,	O
Philips	O
and	O
Spectravideo	O
)	O
built	O
and	O
promoted	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Any	O
piece	O
of	O
hardware	O
or	O
software	O
with	O
the	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
logo	O
on	O
it	O
was	O
compatible	O
with	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
products	O
from	O
other	O
manufacturers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
particular	O
,	O
the	O
expansion	O
cartridge	O
format	O
was	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
standard	O
;	O
any	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
expansion	O
or	O
game	O
cartridge	O
would	O
work	O
in	O
any	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nishi	O
's	O
standard	O
was	O
built	O
around	O
the	O
Spectravideo	B-Device
SV-328	I-Device
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
standard	O
consisted	O
primarily	O
of	O
several	O
off-the-shelf	O
parts	O
;	O
the	O
main	O
CPU	O
was	O
a	O
3.58	O
MHz	O
Zilog	B-General_Concept
Z80	I-General_Concept
,	O
the	O
Texas	B-Architecture
Instruments	I-Architecture
TMS9918	I-Architecture
graphics	B-General_Concept
chip	I-General_Concept
with	O
16	O
KB	O
of	O
dedicated	O
VRAM	O
,	O
sound	O
and	O
partial	O
I/O	O
support	O
was	O
provided	O
by	O
the	O
AY-3-8910	B-Device
chip	O
manufactured	O
by	O
General	O
Instrument	O
(	O
GI	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
Intel	B-Device
8255	I-Device
Programmable	O
Peripheral	O
Interface	O
(	O
PPI	O
)	O
chip	O
was	O
used	O
for	O
parallel	O
I/O	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
keyboard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
choice	O
of	O
these	O
components	O
was	O
shared	O
by	O
many	O
other	O
home	O
computers	O
and	O
games	O
consoles	O
of	O
the	O
period	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
and	O
Sega	B-Operating_System
SG-1000	I-Operating_System
video	O
game	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
reduce	O
overall	O
system	O
cost	O
,	O
many	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
models	O
used	O
a	O
custom	O
IC	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
MSX-Engine	O
"	O
,	O
which	O
integrated	O
glue	O
logic	O
,	O
8255	B-Device
PPI	O
,	O
YM2149	B-Device
compatible	O
soundchip	O
and	O
more	O
,	O
sometimes	O
even	O
the	O
Z80	B-General_Concept
CPU	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
almost	O
all	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
systems	O
used	O
a	O
professional	O
keyboard	O
instead	O
of	O
a	O
chiclet	B-Device
keyboard	I-Device
,	O
driving	O
up	O
the	O
price	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
SV-328	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Consequently	O
,	O
these	O
components	O
alongside	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
MSX	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
made	O
the	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
a	O
competitive	O
,	O
though	O
somewhat	O
expensive	O
,	O
home	O
computer	O
package	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
June	O
27	O
,	O
1983	O
,	O
the	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
was	O
formally	O
announced	O
during	O
a	O
press	O
conference	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
slew	O
of	O
big	O
Japanese	O
firms	O
declared	O
their	O
plans	O
to	O
introduce	O
the	O
machines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Only	O
Spectravideo	O
and	O
Yamaha	O
briefly	O
marketed	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
machines	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	O
Spectravideo	O
's	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
enjoyed	O
very	O
little	O
success	O
,	O
and	O
Yamaha	O
's	O
CX5M	O
model	O
,	O
built	O
to	O
interface	O
with	O
various	O
types	O
of	O
MIDI	O
equipment	O
,	O
was	O
billed	O
more	O
as	O
a	O
digital	O
music	O
tool	O
than	O
a	O
standard	O
personal	B-Device
computer	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
MSX	B-Operating_System
spawned	O
four	O
generations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
three	O
,	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
(	O
1983	O
)	O
,	O
MSX2	B-Operating_System
(	O
1985	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
MSX2+	B-Operating_System
(	O
1988	O
)	O
,	O
were	O
all	O
8-bit	O
computers	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Z80	B-General_Concept
microprocessor	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MSX2+	B-Operating_System
was	O
exclusively	O
released	O
in	O
Japan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
its	O
place	O
,	O
the	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
TurboR	I-Operating_System
was	O
released	O
,	O
which	O
used	O
the	O
new	O
custom	O
16-bit	O
R800	B-General_Concept
microprocessor	O
developed	O
by	O
ASCII	O
Corporation	O
intended	O
for	O
the	O
MSX3	O
,	O
but	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
DMA	O
and	O
24-bit	O
addressing	O
were	O
disabled	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
the	O
MSX2+	B-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
TurboR	I-Operating_System
was	O
exclusively	O
released	O
in	O
Japan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
time	O
the	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
TurboR	I-Operating_System
standard	O
was	O
announced	O
in	O
1990	O
,	O
only	O
Panasonic	O
was	O
manufacturing	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Production	O
of	O
the	O
TurboR	O
ended	O
in	O
1993	O
when	O
Panasonic	O
decided	O
to	O
focus	O
on	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
3DO	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
reduce	O
its	O
financial	O
loss	O
,	O
Yamaha	O
stripped	O
nearly	O
all	O
V9958	B-General_Concept
compatibility	O
and	O
marketed	O
the	O
resulting	O
V9990	O
E-VDP	O
III	O
as	O
a	O
video-chipset	O
for	O
PC	O
VGA	O
graphic	O
cards	O
,	O
with	O
moderate	O
success	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Japan	O
,	O
South	O
Korea	O
,	O
Argentina	O
,	O
and	O
Brazil	O
,	O
the	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
was	O
the	O
preeminent	O
home	O
computer	O
system	O
of	O
the	O
1980s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Classrooms	O
full	O
of	O
networked	O
Yamaha	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
computers	O
were	O
used	O
for	O
teaching	O
informatics	O
in	O
schools	O
in	O
some	O
Arab	O
countries	O
,	O
the	O
Soviet	O
Union	O
,	O
and	O
Cuba	O
,	O
where	O
they	O
were	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
public	O
schools	O
,	O
which	O
allowed	O
the	O
Cuban	O
government	O
to	O
educate	O
students	O
in	O
computer	O
subjects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
total	O
,	O
9	O
million	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
computers	O
were	O
sold	O
in	O
Japan	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
relatively	O
popular	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
did	O
not	O
become	O
the	O
worldwide	O
standard	O
envisioned	O
because	O
of	O
limited	O
adoption	O
in	O
other	O
markets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
the	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
's	O
lack	O
of	O
success	O
in	O
these	O
markets	O
became	O
apparent	O
,	O
US	O
manufacturer	O
Commodore	O
Business	O
Machines	O
overhauled	O
its	O
product	O
line	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1980s	O
and	O
introduced	O
models	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Plus/4	B-Operating_System
and	O
Commodore	B-Operating_System
16	I-Operating_System
that	O
were	O
intended	O
to	O
better	O
compete	O
with	O
the	O
features	O
of	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
comparison	O
with	O
rival	O
8-bit	O
computers	O
,	O
the	O
Commodore	O
64	O
is	O
estimated	O
to	O
have	O
sold	O
12.5	O
–	O
17	O
million	O
units	O
worldwide	O
,	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
sold	O
6	O
million	O
units	O
,	O
the	O
ZX	B-Operating_System
Spectrum	I-Operating_System
over	O
5	O
million	O
units	O
,	O
the	O
Atari	B-Device
8-bit	I-Device
sold	O
at	O
least	O
4	O
million	O
units	O
,	O
the	O
Amstrad	B-Device
CPC	I-Device
sold	O
3	O
million	O
units	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Tandy	B-Device
TRS-80	I-Device
Model	O
1	O
sold	O
250,000	O
units	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Sony	O
MSX2	B-Operating_System
machine	O
was	O
launched	O
into	O
space	O
to	O
the	O
Russian	O
Mir	B-Device
space	O
station	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
system	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
most	O
closely	O
resembled	O
was	O
the	O
Spectravideo	B-Device
SV-328	I-Device
home	O
computer	O
(	O
Spectravideo	O
even	O
claimed	O
to	O
be	O
"	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
compatible	O
"	O
in	O
advertisements	O
before	O
the	O
actual	O
launch	O
of	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
systems	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
completely	O
compatible	O
with	O
it	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
and	O
short-lived	O
kind	O
of	O
software	B-Application
cracking	I-Application
:	O
converting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
MSX	B-Application
games	I-Application
were	O
unplayable	O
on	O
the	O
SV-328	B-Device
computer	O
,	O
SV-328	B-Device
crackers	B-Application
developed	O
a	O
method	O
of	O
modifying	O
the	O
(	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
)	O
games	O
to	O
make	O
them	O
work	O
on	O
the	O
SV-328	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
most	O
cases	O
,	O
this	O
included	O
downloading	O
the	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
BIOS	B-Operating_System
to	O
the	O
SV-328	B-Device
from	O
tape	O
or	O
floppy	B-Device
disk	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Spectravideo	O
later	O
launched	O
the	O
SVI-728	B-Device
which	O
completely	O
adhered	O
to	O
the	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Sega	B-Operating_System
SG-1000	I-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
Memotech	B-Device
MTX	I-Device
,	O
the	O
Tatung	B-Operating_System
Einstein	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
the	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
all	O
have	O
many	O
similarities	O
with	O
the	O
MSX1	O
standard	O
,	O
but	O
none	O
are	O
fully	O
compatible	O
with	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
also	O
very	O
common	O
to	O
port	O
games	O
from	O
the	O
ZX	B-Operating_System
Spectrum	I-Operating_System
to	O
the	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
,	O
since	O
both	O
have	O
the	O
same	O
CPU	O
,	O
the	O
Spectrum	O
128	O
had	O
the	O
same	O
soundchip	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
ZX	B-Operating_System
Spectrum	I-Operating_System
's	O
graphic	O
mode	O
could	O
be	O
easily	O
emulated	B-Application
on	O
the	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
's	O
screen-2	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
default	O
,	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
machines	O
have	O
a	O
hardcoded	O
character	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
and	O
keyboard	O
scan	O
code	O
handling	O
algorithm	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
has	O
full	O
application	O
software	O
compatibility	O
at	O
the	O
firmware	O
(	O
BIOS	B-Operating_System
)	O
level	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
minor	O
hardware	O
differences	O
,	O
replacement	O
of	O
the	O
BIOS	B-Operating_System
with	O
another	O
from	O
a	O
different	O
PC	O
may	O
render	O
incorrect	O
scan	O
code	O
translations	O
and	O
thus	O
incorrect	O
behaviour	O
of	O
the	O
keyboard	O
subsystem	O
for	O
the	O
application	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
default	O
,	O
installed	O
into	O
GR8BIT	O
instead	O
of	O
the	O
Kanji-ROM	O
,	O
it	O
allows	O
changing	O
the	O
character	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
and	O
keyboard	O
layout	O
of	O
the	O
machine	O
at	O
startup	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Selected	O
locale	O
setting	O
is	O
stored	O
into	O
the	O
unused	O
RTC	O
NVRAM	B-General_Concept
memory	O
space	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
popular	O
video	O
game	O
franchises	O
were	O
established	O
on	O
the	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
:	O
</s>
<s>
Others	O
received	O
various	O
installments	O
on	O
the	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
,	O
including	O
several	O
titles	O
unique	O
to	O
the	O
system	O
or	O
largely	O
reworked	O
versions	O
of	O
games	O
on	O
other	O
formats	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
MSX	B-Operating_System
Spectravideo	O
,	O
Philips	O
,	O
Al	O
Alamiah	O
,	O
Sony	O
,	O
Sanyo	O
,	O
Mitsubishi	O
,	O
Toshiba	O
,	O
Hitachi	O
,	O
National/Panasonic	O
,	O
Canon	O
,	O
Casio	O
,	O
Pioneer	O
,	O
Fujitsu	O
General	O
,	O
Yamaha	O
,	O
JVC	O
,	O
Yashica-Kyocera	O
,	O
GoldStar	O
,	O
Samsung/Fenner	O
,	O
Daewoo/Yeno	O
,	O
Gradiente	B-Device
,	O
Sharp/Epcom	O
,	O
Talent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MSX2	B-Operating_System
Philips	O
,	O
Sony	O
,	O
Sanyo	O
,	O
Mitsubishi	O
,	O
Victor	O
(	O
a.k.a.	O
</s>
<s>
MSX2+	B-Operating_System
Sony	O
,	O
Sanyo	O
,	O
Panasonic	O
,	O
ACVS/CIEL	O
*	O
,	O
DDX*	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MSX	B-Operating_System
TurboR	I-Operating_System
Panasonic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2001	O
,	O
Kazuhiko	O
Nishi	O
initiated	O
a	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
revival	O
around	O
an	O
official	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
emulator	B-Application
called	O
MSXPLAYer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
official	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
emulator	B-Application
as	O
all	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
copyrights	O
are	O
maintained	O
by	O
the	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
Association	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2004	O
,	O
a	O
Dutch	O
company	O
Bazix	O
announced	O
they	O
had	O
become	O
the	O
representatives	O
of	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
Association	O
in	O
Europe	O
,	O
being	O
the	O
English	O
contact	O
for	O
any	O
questions	O
regarding	O
the	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
trademarks	O
,	O
copyrights	O
,	O
and	O
licensing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
17	O
,	O
2006	O
,	O
Bazix	O
launched	O
WOOMB.Net	O
,	O
a	O
website	O
selling	O
MSX	B-Application
games	I-Application
in	O
English	O
and	O
other	O
languages	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
selection	O
of	O
14games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WOOMB.Net	O
was	O
the	O
English	O
counterpart	O
of	O
this	O
and	O
other	O
Japanese	O
services	O
offered	O
by	O
D4	O
Enterprise	O
,	O
which	O
also	O
announced	O
in	O
August	O
2006	O
the	O
launch	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
MSX2	B-Operating_System
compatible	O
system	O
called	O
the	O
"	O
one	O
chip-MSX	O
"	O
,	O
a	O
system	O
based	O
on	O
an	O
Altera	O
Cyclone	O
EP1C12Q240C8	O
FPGA	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
one	O
chip-MSX	O
"	O
is	O
similar	O
in	O
concept	O
to	O
the	O
C-One	B-Device
,	O
a	O
Commodore	O
64	O
clone	O
also	O
built	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
a	O
single	O
FPGA	B-Architecture
chip	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
new	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
system	O
is	O
housed	O
in	O
a	O
box	O
made	O
out	O
of	O
transparent	O
blue	O
plastic	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
a	O
standard	O
monitor	O
(	O
or	O
TV	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
PC	O
keyboard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
two	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
cartridge	O
slots	O
and	O
supports	O
the	O
audio	O
extensions	O
MSX-MUSIC	O
and	O
SCC+	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
SD/MMC	B-Device
-flashcard	I-Device
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
external	O
storage	O
medium	O
,	O
emulating	B-Application
a	O
disk	B-Device
drive	I-Device
and	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
boot	O
MSX-DOS	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
its	O
VHDL	B-Language
programmable	O
hardware	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
give	O
the	O
device	O
new	O
hardware	O
extensions	O
simply	O
by	O
running	O
a	O
reconfiguration	O
program	O
under	O
MSX-DOS	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
"	O
one	O
chip-MSX	O
"	O
also	O
has	O
two	O
USB	B-Protocol
connectors	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
after	O
adding	O
some	O
supporting	O
VHDL	B-Language
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2011	O
,	O
AGE	O
Labs	O
announced	O
the	O
launch	O
of	O
a	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
kit	O
called	O
GR8BIT	O
,	O
the	O
do-it-yourself	O
computer	O
for	O
learning	O
purposes	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
licensed	O
by	O
the	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
Licensing	O
Corporation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
includes	O
all	O
necessary	O
components	O
to	O
assemble	O
a	O
working	O
MSX2	B-Operating_System
compatible	O
computer	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
an	O
ATX	O
chassis	O
,	O
power	O
supply	O
,	O
floppy	B-Device
drive	I-Device
,	O
hard	O
disk	B-Device
,	O
PS/2	O
keyboard	O
and	O
monitor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
Korean	O
forum	O
members	O
who	O
made	O
Zemmix	B-Device
Neo	O
created	O
a	O
new	O
version	O
of	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
called	O
Mini	O
IQ3000	O
Cutie	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
similar	O
features	O
to	O
the	O
IQ-2000	O
(	O
MSX2	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
scan	O
line	O
generator	O
generates	O
scan	O
lines	O
to	O
show	O
the	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
screen	O
with	O
better	O
quality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Normally	O
it	O
shows	O
Korean	O
font	O
and	O
working	O
as	O
Korean	O
version	O
of	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
but	O
when	O
pressing	O
the	O
'	O
del	O
 '	O
key	O
while	O
booting	O
,	O
it	O
changes	O
to	O
Japanese	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2019	O
,	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
fans	O
developed	O
the	O
so-called	O
It	O
is	O
a	O
1:2	O
scale	O
reproduction	O
of	O
the	O
Philips	O
VG-8020	O
computer	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
software	O
of	O
the	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX2	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX2	B-Operating_System
+	O
and	O
Turbo	O
R	O
generations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
incorporates	O
2	O
USB	B-Protocol
ports	O
,	O
an	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
video	O
output	O
and	O
internally	O
uses	O
the	O
same	O
hardware	O
as	O
the	O
C64	O
Mini	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Connecting	O
an	O
additional	O
peripheral	O
,	O
called	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
Player	O
,	O
can	O
run	O
original	O
games	O
on	O
ROM	B-Device
cartridge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
is	O
a	O
computer	O
released	O
in	O
2020	O
and	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
family	O
of	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
the	O
latest	O
Zemmix	B-Device
game	O
consoles	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
card	O
with	O
additional	O
circuitry	O
to	O
connect	O
the	O
original	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
peripherals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
reality	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
just	O
15	O
colour	O
tints	O
available	O
,	O
because	O
,	O
just	O
like	O
Sinclair	B-Operating_System
Spectrum	I-Operating_System
there	O
are	O
two	O
codes	O
for	O
black	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
the	O
Spectrum	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
blacks	O
is	O
actually	O
"	O
transparent	O
"	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
video	O
picture	O
could	O
be	O
overlaid	B-Architecture
on	O
another	O
video	O
signal	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
one	O
from	O
a	O
video	O
disk	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sprites	O
:	O
32	O
,	O
1	O
colour	O
,	O
max	O
4	O
per	O
horizontal	O
lineYamaha	O
V9938	B-General_Concept
(	O
a.k.a.	O
</s>
<s>
Hardware	B-General_Concept
acceleration	I-General_Concept
for	O
copy	O
,	O
line	O
,	O
fill	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
minimal	O
video	O
RAM	B-Architecture
is	O
now	O
128	O
KB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
keyboard	O
is	O
a	O
functionally	O
separate	O
unit	O
which	O
could	O
be	O
connected	O
by	O
non-multiplexed	O
and	O
multiplexed	B-Architecture
interfaces	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multiplexed	B-Architecture
keyboard	O
units	O
feature	O
additional	O
data	O
direction	O
line	O
,	O
allowing	O
sending	O
scan	O
line	O
number	O
to	O
the	O
keyboard	O
using	O
same	O
data	O
lines	O
used	O
for	O
return	O
scan	O
code	O
,	O
decreasing	O
overall	O
number	O
of	O
wires	O
between	O
keyboard	O
and	O
machine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Non-multiplexed	O
interface	O
is	O
usually	O
used	O
for	O
internal	O
keyboards	O
(	O
and	O
some	O
external	O
keyboards	O
,	O
like	O
Panasonic	O
CF-3300	O
)	O
;	O
multiplexed	B-Architecture
interface	O
is	O
used	O
for	O
external	O
keyboards	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
the	O
keyboard	O
scan	O
being	O
controlled	O
by	O
the	O
system	O
interrupts	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
troubleshooting	O
hints	O
when	O
an	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
machine	O
does	O
not	O
display	O
any	O
image	O
(	O
assuming	O
power	O
is	O
present	O
)	O
is	O
to	O
press	O
the	O
CAPS	O
key	O
to	O
see	O
if	O
the	O
respective	O
LED	O
toggles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2009	O
,	O
Kamil	O
Karimov	O
designed	O
the	O
adapter	O
board	O
to	O
connect	O
PS/2	O
keyboard	O
to	O
the	O
multiplexed	B-Architecture
MSX	B-Operating_System
keyboard	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
firmware	O
embedded	O
into	O
its	O
ATTiny	B-Architecture
chip	O
was	O
tailored	O
for	O
Daewoo	O
CPC	O
machines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
firmware	O
is	O
developed	O
to	O
directly	O
convert	O
PS/2	O
scan	O
codes	O
to	O
the	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
keyboard	O
scan	O
codes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
it	O
is	O
fully	O
transparent	O
to	O
the	O
applications	O
,	O
allowing	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
controller	O
unit	O
with	O
different	O
MSX-compatible	O
machines	O
and	O
for	O
different	O
localization	O
setups	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MSX	B-Operating_System
standard	O
requires	O
at	O
least	O
1	O
cartridge	O
slot	O
,	O
most	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
models	O
have	O
2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Regular	O
game	O
cartridges	O
are	O
about	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
an	O
audio	B-Device
cassette	I-Device
(	O
so-called	O
"	O
Konami	O
size	O
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Around	O
1985	O
,	O
Hudson	O
Soft	O
released	O
the	O
credit	O
card-sized	O
Bee	O
Card	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
meant	O
as	O
a	O
cheaper	O
and	O
more	O
convenient	O
alternative	O
to	O
ROM	B-Device
cartridges	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Source	O
files	O
for	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
cartridges	O
are	O
available	O
from	O
AGE	O
Labs	O
for	O
EAGLE	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
MSX	B-Operating_System
systems	O
generally	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
built-in	O
disk	B-Device
drive	I-Device
,	O
so	O
games	O
were	O
published	O
mainly	O
on	O
cartridge	O
and	O
cassette	B-Device
tape	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sony	O
created	O
a	O
battery	O
backed	O
RAM	B-Architecture
cartridge	O
the	O
HBI-55	O
"	O
data	O
cartridge	O
"	O
for	O
some	O
computers	O
in	O
their	O
"	O
Hit-Bit	O
"	O
line	O
of	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
systems	O
,	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
store	O
programs	O
or	O
data	O
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
cassette	B-Device
tapes	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Floppy	B-Device
disk	I-Device
drives	I-Device
were	O
available	O
for	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
however	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
a	O
cartridge	O
containing	O
the	O
disk	B-Device
interface	O
electronics	O
and	O
a	O
BIOS	B-Operating_System
extension	O
ROM	B-Device
(	O
the	O
floppy	B-Device
disk	I-Device
drive	I-Device
interface	O
)	O
,	O
connected	O
to	O
an	O
external	O
case	O
with	O
the	O
drive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
South-America	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
these	O
systems	O
used	O
a	O
floppy	B-Device
disk	I-Device
drive	I-Device
,	O
but	O
in	O
Europe	O
,	O
drives	O
were	O
more	O
popular	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Japan	O
,	O
some	O
MSX1	O
systems	O
included	O
a	O
built-in	O
3.5-inch	O
disk	B-Device
drive	I-Device
,	O
like	O
the	O
Panasonic	O
(	O
previously	O
named	O
Matsushita	O
)	O
CF-3000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Europe	O
,	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
Philips	O
MSX2	B-Operating_System
systems	O
NMS	O
8230	O
,	O
8235	O
,	O
8245	O
,	O
8250	O
and	O
above	O
featured	O
either	O
360	O
or	O
720KB	O
3.5-inch	O
floppy	B-Device
drives	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1985	O
,	O
the	O
MSX2	B-Operating_System
was	O
released	O
,	O
and	O
these	O
systems	O
often	O
(	O
but	O
not	O
always	O
)	O
included	O
a	O
built-in	O
3.5-inch	O
disk	B-Device
drive	I-Device
too	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Consequently	O
,	O
the	O
popular	O
media	O
for	O
games	O
and	O
other	O
software	O
shifted	O
to	O
floppy	B-Device
disks	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MSX-DOS	B-Operating_System
disk	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
had	O
internal	O
software	O
mechanisms	O
much	O
like	O
CP/M	B-Application
(	O
so	O
CP/M	B-Application
software	O
could	O
be	O
ported	O
reasonably	O
easily	O
)	O
,	O
but	O
had	O
a	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
compatible	O
with	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
user	O
commands	O
were	O
also	O
similar	O
to	O
early	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
versions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
way	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
could	O
promote	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
for	O
home	O
use	O
while	O
promoting	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
based	O
personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
in	O
office	O
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
3.5-inch	O
floppy	B-Device
disks	I-Device
are	O
directly	O
compatible	O
with	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
(	O
although	O
some	O
details	O
like	O
file	O
undeletion	O
and	O
boot	B-Device
sector	I-Device
code	O
were	O
different	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
MS-DOS1	O
,	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
disks	B-Device
(	O
formatted	O
)	O
under	O
MSX-DOS1	O
have	O
no	O
support	O
for	O
subdirectories	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
1.44Mb	O
diskette	B-Device
size	O
goes	O
in	O
two	O
configurations	O
:	O
Standard	O
(	O
1	O
sector	O
per	O
cluster	O
,	O
9	O
FAT	O
sectors	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Compatible	O
(	O
4	O
sectors	O
per	O
cluster	O
,	O
3	O
FAT	O
sectors	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MSX	B-Operating_System
computers	O
are	O
emulated	B-Application
on	O
many	O
platforms	O
today	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
emulators	B-Application
were	O
often	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
code	O
of	O
the	O
pioneer	O
fMSX	B-Device
,	O
a	O
portable	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
emulator	B-Application
by	O
Marat	O
Fayzullin	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
emulators	B-Application
removed	O
Fayzullin	O
's	O
Z80	B-General_Concept
emulation	B-Application
code	O
entirely	O
in	O
later	O
versions	O
to	O
avoid	O
legal	O
problems	O
,	O
as	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
fMSX	B-Device
was	O
not	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Somewhat	O
later	O
fMSX	B-Device
source	O
code	O
became	O
free	O
for	O
non-profit	O
use	O
;	O
however	O
a	O
license	O
was	O
still	O
required	O
for	O
commercial	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
December	O
31	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
the	O
Windows	B-Application
version	O
of	O
fMSX	B-Device
3.7	O
was	O
released	O
,	O
free	O
for	O
anyone	O
to	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
official	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
emulator	B-Application
MSXPLAYer	O
is	O
produced	O
by	O
the	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
Association	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
the	O
inventor	O
of	O
the	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
standard	O
,	O
Kazuhiko	O
Nishi	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
president	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
version	O
0.146.u	O
,	O
MESS	O
currently	O
supports	O
90%	O
of	O
all	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
versions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2007	O
,	O
Nintendo	O
of	O
Japan	O
announced	O
that	O
MSX	B-Application
games	I-Application
will	O
be	O
available	O
for	O
the	B-Operating_System
Wii	I-Operating_System
's	O
Virtual	B-Application
Console	I-Application
emulator	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
confirmed	O
that	O
the	O
games	O
would	O
cost	O
700	O
Wii	B-Application
Points	I-Application
and	O
will	O
become	O
available	O
from	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
became	O
available	O
for	O
the	B-Operating_System
Wii	I-Operating_System
U	O
on	O
December	O
25	O
,	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ultimately	O
13	O
games	O
,	O
mainly	O
Konami	O
titles	O
,	O
for	O
the	B-Operating_System
Wii	I-Operating_System
,	O
plus	O
one	O
for	O
the	B-Operating_System
Wii	I-Operating_System
U	O
,	O
were	O
released	O
for	O
the	O
service	O
in	O
Japan	O
only	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Name	O
Current	O
version	O
Date	O
System	O
Platform	O
License	O
Website	O
blueMSX	B-Application
2.8.2	O
August	O
14	O
,	O
2009	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX2	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX2+	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
TurboR	I-Operating_System
,	O
</s>
<s>
SpectraVideo	O
SVI318/328	O
,	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
,	O
Sega	B-Operating_System
SG-1000	I-Operating_System
Windows	B-Application
GPL	B-License
Clock	O
Signal	O
2022-11-25	O
November	O
11	O
,	O
2022	O
Diverse	O
computers	O
and	O
consoles	O
;	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
1	O
only	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
macOS	B-Application
Open	B-License
source	I-License
CocoaMSX	O
3.5.41	O
October	O
23	O
,	O
2013	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX2	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX2+	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
TurboR	I-Operating_System
macOS	B-Application
GPL	B-License
fMSX	B-Device
6.0	O
February	O
24	O
,	O
2021	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX2	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX2+	B-Operating_System
Multiplatform	B-Operating_System
Commercial	O
fMSX	B-Device
PSP	B-Operating_System
3.5.41	O
March	O
17	O
,	O
2010	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX2	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX2+	B-Operating_System
Sony	B-Operating_System
PSP	I-Operating_System
Open	B-License
source	I-License
jsMSX	O
0.9.2	O
April	O
19	O
,	O
2013	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
JavaScript	B-Language
GPL	B-License
MAME	B-Device
0.251	O
December	O
31	O
,	O
2022	O
Diverse	O
computers	O
and	O
consoles	O
Multiplatform	B-Operating_System
GPL	B-License
meisei	O
1.3.1	O
February	O
9	O
,	O
2010	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
Windows	B-Application
Open	B-License
source	I-License
MSKISS	O
0.2.4	O
March	O
13	O
,	O
2000	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX2	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX2+	B-Operating_System
DOS	B-Device
,	O
Windows	B-Application
Freeware	B-License
MSX	B-Operating_System
Emulator	B-Application
0.10b	O
October	O
26	O
,	O
2006	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
Freeware	B-License
MSX	B-Operating_System
Emulator	B-Application
1.8	O
August	O
16	O
,	O
2010	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX2	B-Operating_System
UNIX	B-Application
GPL	B-License
msxDS	O
0.93	O
January	O
1	O
,	O
2012	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX2	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX2+	B-Operating_System
Nintendo	B-Device
DS	I-Device
Freeware	B-License
NLMSX	O
0.48	O
June	O
12	O
,	O
2003	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX2	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX2+	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
TurboR	I-Operating_System
Windows	B-Application
Freeware	B-License
NO$MSX	O
1.5	O
May	O
1	O
,	O
2003	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX2	B-Operating_System
Windows	B-Application
,	O
DOS	B-Device
Shareware	B-License
openMSX	B-Application
18.0	O
June	O
12	O
,	O
2022	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX2	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX2+	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
TurboR	I-Operating_System
,	O
SpectraVideo	O
SVI318/328	O
,	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
Multiplatform	B-Operating_System
GPL	B-License
paraMSX	O
0.50b	O
October	O
8	O
,	O
2009	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX2	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX2+	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
TurboR	I-Operating_System
Windows	B-Application
Freeware	B-License
RuMSX	O
0.41	O
July	O
2	O
,	O
2008	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX2	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX2+	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
TurboR	I-Operating_System
Windows	B-Application
Freeware	B-License
WebMSX	O
6.0.3	O
June	O
2	O
,	O
2020	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX2	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX2+	B-Operating_System
,	O
MSX	B-Operating_System
turbo	I-Operating_System
R	I-Operating_System
JavaScript	B-Language
?	O
</s>
