<s>
The	O
Media	B-Application
Server	I-Application
Markup	O
Language	O
(	O
MSML	B-Language
)	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
control	O
and	O
invoke	O
many	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
services	O
on	O
IP	B-Protocol
Media	B-Application
Servers	I-Application
and	O
is	O
described	O
in	O
RFC	O
5707	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Clients	O
can	O
use	O
it	O
to	O
define	O
how	O
multimedia	O
sessions	O
interact	O
on	O
a	O
Media	B-Application
Server	I-Application
and	O
to	O
apply	O
services	O
to	O
individuals	O
or	O
groups	O
of	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MSML	B-Language
can	O
be	O
used	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
to	O
control	O
Media	B-Application
Server	I-Application
conferencing	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
video	O
layout	O
and	O
audio	O
mixing	O
,	O
create	O
sidebar	O
conferences	O
or	O
personal	O
mixes	O
,	O
and	O
set	O
the	O
properties	O
of	O
media	O
streams	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
well	O
,	O
clients	O
can	O
use	O
MSML	B-Language
to	O
define	O
media	O
processing	O
dialogs	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
parts	O
of	O
application	O
interactions	O
with	O
users	O
or	O
conferences	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Transformation	O
of	O
media	O
streams	O
to	O
and	O
from	O
users	O
or	O
conferences	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
IVR	O
dialogs	O
are	O
examples	O
of	O
such	O
interactions	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
specified	O
using	O
MSML	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
MSML	B-Language
clients	O
may	O
also	O
invoke	O
dialogs	O
with	O
individual	O
users	O
or	O
with	O
groups	O
of	O
conference	O
participants	O
using	O
VoiceXML	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
fundamental	O
model	O
with	O
MSML	B-Language
is	O
that	O
the	O
Media	B-Application
Server	I-Application
is	O
an	O
appliance	O
that	O
is	O
specialized	O
in	O
controlling/manipulating	O
media	O
streams	O
(	O
usually	O
RTP	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
application	O
server	O
is	O
a	O
separate	O
unit	O
that	O
deals	O
with	O
making	O
and	O
breaking	O
call	O
connections	O
,	O
and	O
controlling	O
the	O
application	O
(	O
or	O
business	O
)	O
logic	O
,	O
so	O
for	O
example	O
the	O
application	O
server	O
would	O
deal	O
with	O
the	O
billing	O
engine	O
and	O
logging	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
application	O
server	O
establishes	O
a	O
control	O
'	O
tunnel	O
 '	O
(	O
through	O
SIP	B-Application
or	O
IP	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
which	O
it	O
uses	O
to	O
exchange	O
requests/responses	O
with	O
the	O
media	B-Application
server	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
MSML	B-Language
media	B-Application
servers	I-Application
,	O
the	O
messages	O
are	O
coded	O
in	O
MSML	B-Language
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
control	O
language	O
using	O
the	O
syntax	O
of	O
XML	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
MSML	B-Language
is	O
designed	O
so	O
that	O
an	O
application	O
server	O
can	O
interact	O
with	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
different	O
media	B-Application
servers	I-Application
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
and	O
of	O
course	O
these	O
can	O
be	O
distributed	O
across	O
a	O
wide	O
geography	O
,	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
they	O
are	O
reachable	O
via	O
IP	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
converse	O
is	O
true	O
,	O
that	O
a	O
media	B-Application
server	I-Application
can	O
have	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
application	O
server	O
talking	O
to	O
it	O
,	O
so	O
this	O
allows	O
for	O
resilience	O
to	O
failure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MSML	B-Language
was	O
originally	O
created	O
by	O
Convedia	O
(	O
now	O
part	O
of	O
RadiSys	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
an	O
open	O
standard	O
,	O
meaning	O
that	O
companies	O
can	O
use	O
the	O
technology	O
without	O
licensing	O
intellectual	O
property	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
number	O
of	O
companies	O
have	O
adopted	O
MSML	B-Language
including	O
Intel	O
(	O
now	O
Dialogic	O
)	O
,	O
NMS	O
and	O
Audiocodes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MSML	B-Language
covers	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
ground	O
as	O
the	O
earlier	O
MSCML	B-Language
markup	O
language	O
(	O
originally	O
from	O
Snowshore	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
both	O
languages	O
are	O
important	O
references	O
for	O
the	O
IETF	O
MediaCTRL	O
(	O
media	O
control	O
)	O
working	O
group	O
,	O
that	O
aims	O
to	O
standardize	O
control	O
of	O
media	B-Application
servers	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
MSML	B-Language
creator	O
Adnan	O
Saleem	O
acknowledged	O
the	O
MSCML	B-Language
had	O
"	O
shown	O
the	O
way	O
"	O
for	O
driving	O
media	B-Application
servers	I-Application
via	O
scripting	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
a	O
family	O
line	O
can	O
be	O
seen	O
from	O
MSCML	B-Language
through	O
MSML	B-Language
to	O
today	O
's	O
MediaCTRL	O
working	O
group	O
at	O
the	O
IETF	O
.	O
</s>
