<s>
MPEG-4	B-Application
Part	I-Application
2	I-Application
,	O
MPEG-4	B-Application
Visual	I-Application
(	O
formally	O
ISO/IEC	B-Application
14496-2	I-Application
)	O
is	O
a	O
video	B-Algorithm
compression	I-Algorithm
format	I-Algorithm
developed	O
by	O
the	O
Moving	O
Picture	O
Experts	O
Group	O
(	O
MPEG	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
belongs	O
to	O
the	O
MPEG-4	B-Algorithm
ISO/IEC	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
uses	O
block-wise	O
motion	B-Algorithm
compensation	I-Algorithm
and	O
a	O
discrete	B-General_Concept
cosine	I-General_Concept
transform	I-General_Concept
(	O
DCT	B-General_Concept
)	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
previous	O
standards	O
such	O
as	O
MPEG-1	O
Part	O
2	O
and	O
H.262/MPEG	B-Algorithm
-2	I-Algorithm
Part	I-Algorithm
2	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
popular	O
codecs	B-General_Concept
including	O
DivX	B-Application
,	O
Xvid	B-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
Nero	B-Algorithm
Digital	I-Algorithm
implement	O
this	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Note	O
that	O
MPEG-4	B-Application
Part	I-Application
10	I-Application
defines	O
a	O
different	O
format	O
from	O
MPEG-4	B-Application
Part	I-Application
2	I-Application
and	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
confused	O
with	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MPEG-4	B-Application
Part	I-Application
10	I-Application
is	O
commonly	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
H.264	B-Application
or	O
AVC	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
jointly	O
developed	O
by	O
ITU-T	O
and	O
MPEG	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MPEG-4	B-Application
Part	I-Application
2	I-Application
is	O
H.263	B-Algorithm
compatible	O
in	O
the	O
sense	O
that	O
a	O
basic	O
H.263	B-Algorithm
bitstream	O
is	O
correctly	O
decoded	O
by	O
an	O
MPEG-4	B-Algorithm
Video	O
decoder	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
MPEG-4	B-Algorithm
Video	O
decoder	O
is	O
natively	O
capable	O
of	O
decoding	O
a	O
basic	O
form	O
of	O
H.263	B-Algorithm
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
MPEG-4	B-Application
Visual	I-Application
,	O
there	O
are	O
two	O
types	O
of	O
video	O
object	O
layers	O
:	O
the	O
video	O
object	O
layer	O
that	O
provides	O
full	O
MPEG-4	B-Algorithm
functionality	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
reduced	O
functionality	O
video	O
object	O
layer	O
,	O
the	O
video	O
object	O
layer	O
with	O
short	O
headers	O
(	O
which	O
provides	O
bitstream	O
compatibility	O
with	O
base-line	O
H.263	B-Algorithm
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MPEG-4	B-Application
Part	I-Application
2	I-Application
is	O
partially	O
based	O
on	O
ITU-T	O
H.263	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
MPEG-4	B-Algorithm
Video	O
Verification	O
Model	O
(	O
simulation	O
and	O
test	O
model	O
)	O
used	O
ITU-T	O
H.263	B-Algorithm
coding	O
tools	O
together	O
with	O
shape	O
coding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MPEG-4	B-Application
Visual	I-Application
format	O
was	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
Moving	O
Picture	O
Experts	O
Group	O
(	O
MPEG	O
)	O
committee	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
majority	O
of	O
patents	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
MPEG-4	B-Application
Visual	I-Application
format	O
were	O
from	O
three	O
Japanese	O
companies	O
:	O
Mitsubishi	O
Electric	O
(	O
255	O
patents	O
)	O
,	O
Hitachi	O
(	O
206	O
patents	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Panasonic	O
(	O
200	O
patents	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MPEG-4	B-Application
Part	I-Application
2	I-Application
has	O
approximately	O
21	O
profiles	O
,	O
including	O
profiles	O
called	O
Simple	O
,	O
Advanced	O
Simple	O
,	O
Main	O
,	O
Core	O
,	O
Advanced	O
Coding	O
Efficiency	O
,	O
Advanced	O
Real	O
Time	O
Simple	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
of	O
the	O
video	O
compression	O
schemes	O
standardize	O
the	O
bitstream	O
(	O
and	O
thus	O
the	O
decoder	O
)	O
leaving	O
the	O
encoder	B-General_Concept
design	O
to	O
the	O
individual	O
implementations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Therefore	O
,	O
implementations	O
for	O
a	O
particular	O
profile	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
DivX	B-Application
or	O
Nero	B-Algorithm
Digital	I-Algorithm
which	O
are	O
implementations	O
of	O
Advanced	O
Simple	O
Profile	O
and	O
Xvid	B-Algorithm
that	O
implements	O
both	O
profiles	O
)	O
are	O
all	O
technically	O
identical	O
on	O
the	O
decoder	O
side	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
point	O
of	O
comparison	O
would	O
be	O
that	O
an	O
MP3	B-Application
file	I-Application
can	O
be	O
played	O
in	O
any	O
MP3	B-Application
player	O
,	O
whether	O
it	O
was	O
created	O
through	O
iTunes	O
,	O
Windows	O
Media	O
Player	O
,	O
LAME	B-Algorithm
,	O
or	O
the	O
common	O
Fraunhofer	O
encoder	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
are	O
mobile	O
phones	O
,	O
some	O
low	O
end	O
video	B-Application
conferencing	I-Application
systems	O
,	O
electronic	O
surveillance	O
systems	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
notable	O
technical	O
features	O
relative	O
to	O
the	O
Simple	O
Profile	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
roughly	O
similar	O
to	O
H.263	B-Algorithm
,	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MPEG	O
quantization	B-Algorithm
and	O
interlace	O
support	O
are	O
designed	O
in	O
basically	O
similar	O
ways	O
to	O
the	O
way	O
it	O
is	O
found	O
in	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
Part	I-Algorithm
2	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
B	O
picture	O
support	O
is	O
designed	O
in	O
a	O
basically	O
similar	O
way	O
to	O
the	O
way	O
it	O
is	O
found	O
in	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
Part	I-Algorithm
2	I-Algorithm
and	O
H.263v2	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
quarter-pixel	B-Algorithm
motion	I-Algorithm
compensation	O
feature	O
of	O
ASP	O
was	O
innovative	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
later	O
also	O
included	O
(	O
in	O
somewhat	O
different	O
forms	O
)	O
in	O
later	O
designs	O
such	O
as	O
MPEG-4	B-Application
Part	I-Application
10	I-Application
,	O
HEVC	B-Algorithm
,	O
VC-1	B-Operating_System
and	O
VVC	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
implementations	O
of	O
MPEG-4	B-Application
Part	I-Application
2	I-Application
omit	O
support	O
for	O
this	O
feature	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
has	O
a	O
significantly	O
harmful	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
speed	O
of	O
software	O
decoders	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
always	O
beneficial	O
for	O
quality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
global	B-Algorithm
motion	I-Algorithm
compensation	I-Algorithm
feature	O
is	O
not	O
actually	O
supported	O
in	O
most	O
implementations	O
although	O
the	O
standard	O
officially	O
requires	O
decoders	O
to	O
support	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
used	O
,	O
ASP	O
's	O
global	B-Algorithm
motion	I-Algorithm
compensation	I-Algorithm
has	O
a	O
large	O
unfavorable	O
impact	O
on	O
speed	O
and	O
adds	O
considerable	O
complexity	O
to	O
the	O
implementation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MPEG-4	B-Algorithm
Simple	O
Studio	O
Profile	O
(	O
SStP	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
ISO/IEC	B-Application
14496-2	I-Application
,	O
has	O
six	O
levels	O
going	O
from	O
SDTV	B-Device
to	O
4K	B-Architecture
resolution	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
MPEG-4	B-Algorithm
SStP	O
allows	O
for	O
up	O
to	O
12-bit	O
bit	O
depth	O
and	O
up	O
to	O
4:4:4	O
chroma	O
subsampling	O
,	O
using	O
Intra-frame	O
coding	O
only	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MPEG-4	B-Algorithm
SStP	O
is	O
used	O
by	O
HDCAM	O
SR	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
organizations	O
hold	O
patents	O
for	O
MPEG-4	B-Application
Visual	I-Application
technology	O
,	O
as	O
listed	O
in	O
the	O
patent	O
pool	O
administered	O
by	O
MPEG	O
LA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MPEG-4	B-Application
Part	I-Application
2	I-Application
has	O
drawn	O
some	O
industry	O
criticism	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FFmpeg	B-Library
's	O
maintainer	O
Michael	O
Niedermayer	O
has	O
criticised	O
MPEG-4	B-Algorithm
for	O
lacking	O
an	O
in-loop	O
deblocking	B-General_Concept
filter	I-General_Concept
,	O
GMC	O
being	O
too	O
computationally	O
intensive	O
,	O
and	O
OBMC	O
being	O
defined	O
but	O
not	O
allowed	O
in	O
any	O
profiles	O
among	O
other	O
things	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
's	O
Ben	O
Waggoner	O
states	O
"	O
Microsoft	O
(	O
well	O
before	O
my	O
time	O
)	O
went	O
down	O
the	O
codec	B-General_Concept
standard	O
route	O
before	O
with	O
MPEG-4	B-Application
part	I-Application
2	I-Application
,	O
which	O
turns	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
profound	O
disappointment	O
across	O
the	O
industry	O
-	O
it	O
did	O
n't	O
offer	O
that	O
much	O
of	O
a	O
compression	O
advantage	O
over	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
the	O
protracted	O
license	O
agreement	O
discussions	O
scared	O
off	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
adoption	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
I	O
was	O
involved	O
in	O
many	O
digital	O
media	O
projects	O
that	O
would	O
n't	O
even	O
touch	O
MPEG-4	B-Algorithm
in	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
to	O
early	O
2000s	O
because	O
there	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
'	O
content	O
fee	O
 '	O
that	O
had	O
n't	O
been	O
fully	O
defined	O
yet.	O
"	O
</s>
