<s>
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
(	O
a.k.a.	O
</s>
<s>
H.222/H.262	O
as	O
was	O
defined	O
by	O
the	O
ITU	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
standard	O
for	O
"	O
the	O
generic	O
coding	B-Algorithm
of	I-Algorithm
moving	I-Algorithm
pictures	I-Algorithm
and	O
associated	O
audio	O
information	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
describes	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
lossy	B-Algorithm
video	O
compression	O
and	O
lossy	B-Algorithm
audio	O
data	O
compression	O
methods	O
,	O
which	O
permit	O
storage	O
and	O
transmission	O
of	O
movies	O
using	O
currently	O
available	O
storage	O
media	O
and	O
transmission	O
bandwidth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
is	O
not	O
as	O
efficient	O
as	O
newer	O
standards	O
such	O
as	O
H.264/AVC	B-Application
and	O
H.265/HEVC	B-Algorithm
,	O
backwards	O
compatibility	O
with	O
existing	O
hardware	O
and	O
software	O
means	O
it	O
is	O
still	O
widely	O
used	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
in	O
over-the-air	O
digital	B-Application
television	I-Application
broadcasting	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
DVD-Video	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
is	O
widely	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
format	O
of	O
digital	B-Application
television	I-Application
signals	O
that	O
are	O
broadcast	O
by	O
terrestrial	O
(	O
over-the-air	O
)	O
,	O
cable	O
,	O
and	O
direct	O
broadcast	O
satellite	O
TV	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
was	O
the	O
second	O
of	O
several	O
standards	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
Moving	O
Pictures	O
Expert	O
Group	O
(	O
MPEG	O
)	O
and	O
is	O
an	O
international	O
standard	O
(	O
ISO/IEC	B-Algorithm
13818	I-Algorithm
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Parts	O
1	O
and	O
2	O
of	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
were	O
developed	O
in	O
a	O
collaboration	O
with	O
ITU-T	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
have	O
a	O
respective	O
catalog	O
number	O
in	O
the	O
ITU-T	O
Recommendation	O
Series	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
is	O
the	O
core	O
of	O
most	O
digital	B-Application
television	I-Application
and	O
DVD	O
formats	O
,	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
completely	O
specify	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
includes	O
a	O
Systems	O
section	O
,	O
part	O
1	O
,	O
that	O
defines	O
two	O
distinct	O
,	O
but	O
related	O
,	O
container	O
formats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
is	O
the	O
transport	O
stream	O
,	O
a	O
data	O
packet	O
format	O
designed	O
to	O
transmit	O
one	O
data	O
packet	O
in	O
four	O
ATM	O
data	O
packets	O
for	O
streaming	O
digital	O
video	O
and	O
audio	O
over	O
fixed	O
or	O
mobile	O
transmission	O
mediums	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
beginning	O
and	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
stream	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
identified	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
radio	O
frequency	O
,	O
cable	O
and	O
linear	O
recording	O
mediums	O
,	O
examples	O
of	O
which	O
include	O
ATSC/DVB/ISDB/SBTVD	O
broadcasting	O
,	O
and	O
HDV	O
recording	O
on	O
tape	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
other	O
is	O
the	O
program	O
stream	O
,	O
an	O
extended	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
MPEG-1	B-Algorithm
container	O
format	O
with	O
less	O
overhead	O
than	O
transport	O
stream	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Program	O
stream	O
is	O
designed	O
for	O
random	O
access	O
storage	O
mediums	O
such	O
as	O
hard	B-Device
disk	I-Device
drives	I-Device
,	O
optical	B-Device
discs	I-Device
and	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Transport	O
stream	O
file	O
formats	O
include	O
M2TS	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
used	O
on	O
Blu-ray	O
discs	O
,	O
AVCHD	O
on	O
re-writable	O
DVDs	O
and	O
HDV	O
on	O
compact	B-Device
flash	I-Device
cards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Program	O
stream	O
files	O
include	O
VOB	O
on	O
DVDs	O
and	O
Enhanced	B-Device
VOB	I-Device
on	O
the	O
short	O
lived	O
HD	B-Operating_System
DVD	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
standard	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
transport	O
stream	O
contains	O
packets	O
of	O
188	O
bytes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
Systems	O
is	O
formally	O
known	O
as	O
ISO/IEC	B-Algorithm
13818-1	I-Algorithm
and	O
as	O
ITU-T	O
Rec	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISO	O
authorized	O
the	O
"	O
SMPTE	O
Registration	O
Authority	O
,	O
LLC	O
"	O
as	O
the	O
registration	O
authority	O
for	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
format	O
identifiers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
registration	O
descriptor	O
of	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
transport	O
is	O
provided	O
by	O
ISO/IEC	B-Algorithm
13818	I-Algorithm
–	O
1	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
enable	O
users	O
of	O
the	O
standard	O
to	O
unambiguously	O
carry	O
data	O
when	O
its	O
format	O
is	O
not	O
necessarily	O
a	O
recognized	O
international	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
provision	O
will	O
permit	O
the	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
transport	O
standard	O
to	O
carry	O
all	O
types	O
of	O
data	O
while	O
providing	O
for	O
a	O
method	O
of	O
unambiguous	O
identification	O
of	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
underlying	O
private	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Video	O
section	O
,	O
part	B-Algorithm
2	I-Algorithm
of	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
,	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
previous	O
MPEG-1	B-Algorithm
standard	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
provides	O
support	O
for	O
interlaced	O
video	O
,	O
the	O
format	O
used	O
by	O
analog	O
broadcast	O
TV	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
video	I-Algorithm
is	O
not	O
optimized	O
for	O
low	O
bit	O
rates	O
,	O
especially	O
less	O
than	O
1Mbit/s	O
at	O
standard-definition	B-Device
resolutions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
standards-compliant	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
Video	I-Algorithm
decoders	O
are	O
fully	O
capable	O
of	O
playing	O
back	O
MPEG-1	B-Algorithm
Video	O
streams	O
conforming	O
to	O
the	O
Constrained	O
Parameters	O
Bitstream	O
syntax	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MPEG-2/Video	O
is	O
formally	O
known	O
as	O
ISO/IEC	B-Algorithm
13818-2	I-Algorithm
and	O
as	O
ITU-T	O
Rec	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
H.262	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
some	O
enhancements	O
,	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
Video	I-Algorithm
and	O
Systems	O
are	O
also	O
used	O
in	O
some	O
HDTV	B-Device
transmission	O
systems	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
the	O
standard	O
format	O
for	O
over-the-air	O
ATSC	B-Device
digital	B-Application
television	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
introduces	O
new	O
audio	O
encoding	O
methods	O
compared	O
to	O
MPEG-1	B-Algorithm
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
Audio	O
section	O
,	O
defined	O
in	O
Part	O
3	B-Application
(	O
ISO/IEC	B-Algorithm
13818-3	I-Algorithm
)	O
of	O
the	O
standard	O
,	O
enhances	O
MPEG-1	B-Algorithm
'	O
s	O
audio	O
by	O
allowing	O
the	O
coding	O
of	O
audio	O
programs	O
with	O
more	O
than	O
two	O
channels	O
,	O
up	O
to	O
5.1	O
multichannel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
method	O
is	O
backwards-compatible	O
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
BC	O
)	O
,	O
allowing	O
MPEG-1	B-Algorithm
audio	O
decoders	O
to	O
decode	O
the	O
two	O
main	O
stereo	O
components	O
of	O
the	O
presentation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
part	O
3	B-Application
also	O
defined	O
additional	O
bit	O
rates	O
and	O
sample	O
rates	O
for	O
MPEG-1	B-Algorithm
Audio	O
Layer	O
I	O
,	O
II	O
and	O
III	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
low	O
bitrate	O
encoding	O
with	O
halved	O
sampling	O
rate	O
(	O
MPEG-1	B-Algorithm
Layer	O
1/2/3	O
LSF	O
-	O
a.k.a.	O
</s>
<s>
Part	B-Application
7	I-Application
(	O
ISO/IEC	B-Algorithm
13818-7	I-Algorithm
)	O
of	O
the	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
standard	O
specifies	O
a	O
rather	O
different	O
,	O
non-backwards-compatible	O
audio	O
format	O
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
MPEG-2	B-Application
NBC	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Part	B-Application
7	I-Application
is	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
MPEG-2	B-Application
AAC	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
AAC	B-Application
is	O
more	O
efficient	O
than	O
the	O
previous	O
MPEG	O
audio	O
standards	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
in	O
some	O
ways	O
less	O
complicated	O
than	O
its	O
predecessor	O
,	O
MPEG-1	B-Algorithm
Audio	O
,	O
Layer	O
3	B-Application
,	O
in	O
that	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
the	O
hybrid	O
filter	O
bank	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Advanced	O
Audio	O
is	O
also	O
defined	O
in	O
Part	O
3	B-Application
of	O
the	O
MPEG-4	B-Algorithm
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
standards	O
are	O
published	O
as	O
parts	O
of	O
ISO/IEC	B-Algorithm
13818	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Part	B-Algorithm
2	I-Algorithm
Video	O
–	O
video	B-Algorithm
coding	I-Algorithm
format	I-Algorithm
for	O
interlaced	O
and	O
non-interlaced	O
video	O
signals	O
(	O
Also	O
known	O
as	O
ITU-T	O
Rec	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
H.262	B-Algorithm
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Part	O
3	B-Application
Audio	O
–	O
audio	O
coding	O
format	O
for	O
perceptual	O
coding	O
of	O
audio	O
signals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
multichannel-enabled	O
extension	O
and	O
extension	O
of	O
bit	O
rates	O
and	O
sample	O
rates	O
for	O
MPEG-1	B-Algorithm
Audio	O
Layer	O
I	O
,	O
II	O
and	O
III	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Part	O
6	O
Describes	O
extensions	O
for	O
DSM-CC	B-Algorithm
(	O
Digital	O
Storage	O
Media	O
Command	O
and	O
Control	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Part	B-Application
7	I-Application
Advanced	B-Application
Audio	I-Application
Coding	I-Application
(	O
AAC	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Part	O
10	O
Conformance	O
extensions	O
for	O
DSM-CC	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
Parts	O
Part	O
Number	O
First	O
public	O
release	O
date	O
(	O
First	O
edition	O
)	O
Latest	O
public	O
release	O
date	O
(	O
edition	O
)	O
Latest	O
amend	O
-	O
ment	O
Identical	O
ITU-T	O
Rec	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Title	O
Description	O
Part	O
1	O
ISO/IEC	B-Algorithm
13818-1	I-Algorithm
1996	O
2015	O
2016	O
H.222.0	O
Systems	O
Part	B-Algorithm
2	I-Algorithm
ISO/IEC	B-Algorithm
13818-2	I-Algorithm
1996	O
2013	O
H.262	B-Algorithm
Video	O
Part	O
3	B-Application
ISO/IEC	B-Algorithm
13818-3	I-Algorithm
1995	O
1998	O
Audio	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
BC	O
-	O
backwards	O
compatible	O
with	O
MPEG-1	B-Algorithm
Audio	O
Part	O
4	O
ISO/IEC	B-Algorithm
13818-4	I-Algorithm
1998	O
2004	O
2009	O
Conformance	O
testing	O
Part	O
5	O
ISO/IEC	O
TR	O
13818-5	O
1997	O
2005	O
Software	O
simulation	O
Part	O
6	O
ISO/IEC	B-Algorithm
13818-6	I-Algorithm
1998	O
1998	O
2001	O
Extensions	O
for	O
DSM-CC	B-Algorithm
extensions	O
for	O
Digital	O
Storage	O
Media	O
Command	O
and	O
Control	O
Part	B-Application
7	I-Application
ISO/IEC	B-Algorithm
13818-7	I-Algorithm
1997	O
2006	O
2007	O
Advanced	B-Application
Audio	I-Application
Coding	I-Application
(	O
AAC	B-Application
)	O
MPEG-2	B-Application
NBC	I-Application
Audio	O
-	O
Non-Backwards	O
Compatible	O
with	O
MPEG-1	B-Algorithm
Audio	O
Part	O
8	O
dropped	O
10-Bit	O
Video	O
The	O
work	O
began	O
in	O
1995	O
,	O
but	O
was	O
terminated	O
in	O
2007	O
because	O
of	O
low	O
industry	O
interest	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
evolved	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
shortcomings	O
of	O
MPEG-1	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
MPEG-1	B-Algorithm
'	O
s	O
known	O
weaknesses	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
MPEG-1	B-Algorithm
could	O
support	O
4k	O
video	O
but	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
easy	O
way	O
to	O
encode	O
video	O
for	O
higher	O
resolutions	O
,	O
and	O
identify	O
hardware	O
capable	O
of	O
supporting	O
it	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
limitations	O
of	O
such	O
hardware	O
were	O
not	O
defined	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sakae	O
Okubo	O
of	O
NTT	O
was	O
the	O
ITU-T	O
coordinator	O
for	O
developing	O
the	O
H.262/MPEG	B-Algorithm
-2	I-Algorithm
Part	I-Algorithm
2	I-Algorithm
video	B-Algorithm
coding	I-Algorithm
standard	I-Algorithm
and	O
the	O
requirements	O
chairman	O
in	O
MPEG	O
for	O
the	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
set	O
of	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
majority	O
of	O
patents	O
underlying	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
technology	O
are	O
owned	O
by	O
three	O
companies	O
:	O
Sony	O
(	O
311	O
patents	O
)	O
,	O
Thomson	O
(	O
198	O
patents	O
)	O
and	O
Mitsubishi	O
Electric	O
(	O
119	O
patents	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hyundai	O
Electronics	O
(	O
now	O
SK	O
Hynix	O
)	O
developed	O
the	O
first	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
SAVI	O
(	O
System/Audio/Video	O
)	O
decoder	O
in	O
1995	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
.mpg	O
,	O
.mpeg	B-Algorithm
,	O
.m2v	O
,	O
.mp2	O
,	O
.mp3	B-Application
are	O
some	O
of	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
filename	O
extensions	O
used	O
for	O
MPEG-1	B-Algorithm
or	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
audio	O
and	O
video	O
file	O
formats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
File	O
extension	O
MP3	B-Application
(	O
formally	O
MPEG-1	B-Application
Audio	I-Application
Layer	I-Application
III	I-Application
or	O
MPEG-2	B-Application
Audio	I-Application
Layer	I-Application
III	I-Application
)	O
is	O
a	O
coding	O
format	O
for	O
digital	O
audio	O
developed	O
largely	O
by	O
the	O
Fraunhofer	O
Society	O
in	O
Germany	O
,	O
with	O
support	O
from	O
other	O
digital	O
scientists	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
and	O
elsewhere	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DVD-Video	O
standard	O
uses	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
video	I-Algorithm
,	O
but	O
imposes	O
some	O
restrictions	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
NTSC	O
DVDs	O
must	O
contain	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
LPCM	B-Algorithm
or	O
Dolby	O
Digital	O
audio	O
track	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PAL	O
DVDs	O
must	O
contain	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
MPEG	O
Layer	O
2	O
,	O
LPCM	B-Algorithm
,	O
or	O
Dolby	O
Digital	O
audio	O
track	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HDV	O
is	O
a	O
format	O
for	O
recording	O
and	O
playback	O
of	O
high-definition	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
video	I-Algorithm
on	O
a	O
DV	O
cassette	O
tape	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Application-specific	O
restrictions	O
on	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
video	I-Algorithm
in	O
the	O
DVB	B-Application
standard	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Allowed	O
resolutions	O
for	O
SDTV	B-Device
:	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
HDTV	B-Device
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ATSC	B-Device
A/53	O
standard	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
uses	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
video	I-Algorithm
at	O
the	O
Main	O
Profile	O
@	O
High	O
Level	O
(	O
MP	O
@HL	O
)	O
,	O
with	O
additional	O
restrictions	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
maximum	O
bitrate	O
of	O
19.39	O
Mbit/s	O
for	O
broadcast	O
television	O
and	O
38.8	O
Mbit/s	O
for	O
cable	O
television	O
,	O
4:2:0	O
chroma	O
subsampling	O
format	O
,	O
and	O
mandatory	O
colorimetry	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ATSC	B-Device
allows	O
the	O
following	O
video	O
resolutions	O
,	O
aspect	O
ratios	O
,	O
and	O
frame/field	O
rates	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
ATSC	B-Device
standard	I-Device
A/63	O
defines	O
additional	O
resolutions	O
and	O
aspect	O
rates	O
for	O
50Hz	O
(	O
PAL	O
)	O
signal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ATSC	B-Device
specification	O
and	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
allow	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
progressive	O
frames	O
,	O
even	O
within	O
an	O
interlaced	O
video	O
sequence	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
station	O
that	O
transmits	O
1080i60	O
video	O
sequence	O
can	O
use	O
a	O
coding	O
method	O
where	O
those	O
60	O
fields	O
are	O
coded	O
with	O
24	O
progressive	O
frames	O
and	O
metadata	O
instructs	O
the	O
decoder	O
to	O
interlace	O
them	O
and	O
perform	O
3:2	O
pulldown	O
before	O
display	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allows	O
broadcasters	O
to	O
switch	O
between	O
60Hz	O
interlaced	O
(	O
news	O
,	O
soap	O
operas	O
)	O
and	O
24Hz	O
progressive	O
(	O
prime-time	O
)	O
content	O
without	O
ending	O
the	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
sequence	O
and	O
introducing	O
several	O
seconds	O
of	O
delay	O
as	O
the	O
TV	O
switches	O
formats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
the	O
reason	O
why	O
1080p30	O
and	O
1080p24	O
sequences	O
allowed	O
by	O
the	O
ATSC	B-Device
specification	O
are	O
not	O
used	O
in	O
practice	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
1080-line	O
formats	O
are	O
encoded	O
with	O
1920	O
×	O
1088	O
pixel	O
luma	O
matrices	O
and	O
960	O
×	O
540	O
chroma	O
matrices	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
last	O
8	O
lines	O
are	O
discarded	O
by	O
the	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
decoding	O
and	O
display	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ATSC	B-Device
A/72	O
is	O
the	O
newest	O
revision	O
of	O
ATSC	B-Device
standards	I-Device
for	O
digital	B-Application
television	I-Application
,	O
which	O
allows	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
H.264/AVC	B-Application
video	B-Algorithm
coding	I-Algorithm
format	I-Algorithm
and	O
1080p60	O
signal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
audio	O
was	O
a	O
contender	O
for	O
the	O
ATSC	B-Device
standard	I-Device
during	O
the	O
DTV	B-Application
"	O
Grand	B-Device
Alliance	I-Device
"	O
shootout	O
,	O
but	O
lost	O
out	O
to	O
Dolby	O
AC-3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Technical	O
features	O
of	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
in	O
ATSC	B-Device
are	O
also	O
valid	O
for	O
ISDB-T	O
,	O
except	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
main	O
TS	O
has	O
aggregated	O
a	O
second	O
program	O
for	O
mobile	O
devices	O
compressed	O
in	O
MPEG-4	B-Algorithm
H.264	B-Application
AVC	I-Application
for	O
video	O
and	O
AAC-LC	B-Application
for	O
audio	O
,	O
mainly	O
known	O
as	O
1seg	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
supported	O
video	B-Algorithm
coding	I-Algorithm
formats	I-Algorithm
supported	O
by	O
Blu-ray	O
Disc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
Blu-ray	O
releases	O
typically	O
used	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
video	I-Algorithm
,	O
but	O
recent	O
releases	O
are	O
almost	O
always	O
in	O
H.264	B-Application
or	O
occasionally	O
VC-1	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Only	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
video	I-Algorithm
(	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
part	I-Algorithm
2	I-Algorithm
)	O
is	O
supported	O
,	O
Blu-ray	O
does	O
not	O
support	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
audio	O
(	O
parts	O
3	B-Application
and	O
7	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
container	O
format	O
used	O
on	O
Blu-ray	O
discs	O
is	O
an	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
transport	O
stream	O
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
which	O
audio	O
and	O
video	O
codecs	O
are	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
February	O
14	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
Patents	O
have	O
expired	O
worldwide	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
exception	O
of	O
only	O
Malaysia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MPEG	O
LA	O
,	O
a	O
private	O
patent	O
licensing	O
organization	O
,	O
had	O
acquired	O
rights	O
from	O
over	O
20	O
corporations	O
and	O
one	O
university	O
to	O
license	O
a	O
patent	O
pool	O
of	O
approximately	O
640	O
worldwide	O
patents	O
,	O
which	O
it	O
claimed	O
were	O
"	O
essential	O
"	O
to	O
use	O
of	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
patent	O
holders	O
included	O
Sony	O
,	O
Mitsubishi	O
Electric	O
,	O
Fujitsu	O
,	O
Panasonic	O
,	O
Scientific	O
Atlanta	O
,	O
Columbia	O
University	O
,	O
Philips	O
,	O
General	O
Instrument	O
,	O
Canon	O
,	O
Hitachi	O
,	O
JVC	O
Kenwood	O
,	O
LG	O
Electronics	O
,	O
NTT	O
,	O
Samsung	B-Application
,	O
Sanyo	O
,	O
Sharp	O
and	O
Toshiba	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Where	O
Software	O
patentability	O
is	O
upheld	O
and	O
patents	O
have	O
not	O
expired	O
(	O
only	O
Malaysia	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
requires	O
the	O
payment	O
of	O
licensing	O
fees	O
to	O
the	O
patent	O
holders	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Patent	O
pooling	O
between	O
essential	O
and	O
peripheral	O
patent	O
holders	O
in	O
the	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
pool	O
was	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
a	O
study	O
by	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Wisconsin	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
the	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
licensing	O
agreement	O
any	O
use	O
of	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
technology	O
in	O
countries	O
with	O
active	O
patents	O
(	O
Malaysia	O
)	O
is	O
subject	O
to	O
royalties	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
encoders	O
and	O
decoders	O
are	O
subject	O
to	O
$0.35	O
per	O
unit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
earlier	O
criticism	O
of	O
the	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
patent	O
pool	O
was	O
that	O
even	O
though	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
patents	O
had	O
decreased	O
from	O
1,048	O
to	O
416	O
by	O
June	O
2013	O
the	O
license	O
fee	O
had	O
not	O
decreased	O
with	O
the	O
expiration	O
rate	O
of	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
patents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
organizations	O
have	O
held	O
patents	O
for	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
,	O
as	O
listed	O
at	O
MPEG	O
LA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
See	O
also	O
List	O
of	O
United	O
States	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
patents	O
.	O
</s>
