<s>
MISRA	B-Language
C	I-Language
is	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
software	O
development	O
guidelines	O
for	O
the	O
C	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
developed	O
by	O
The	O
MISRA	O
Consortium	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
aims	O
are	O
to	O
facilitate	O
code	O
safety	O
,	O
security	O
,	O
portability	O
and	O
reliability	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
embedded	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
,	O
specifically	O
those	O
systems	O
programmed	O
in	O
ISO	O
C	B-Language
/	O
C90	O
/	O
C99	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
guidelines	O
for	O
MISRA	B-Language
C++	I-Language
not	O
covered	O
by	O
this	O
article	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
first	O
two	O
editions	O
of	O
MISRA-C	B-Language
(	O
1998	O
and	O
2004	O
)	O
all	O
Guidelines	O
were	O
considered	O
as	O
Rules	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
originally	O
specifically	O
targeted	O
at	O
the	O
automotive	O
industry	O
,	O
MISRA	B-Language
C	I-Language
has	O
evolved	O
as	O
a	O
widely	O
accepted	O
model	O
for	O
best	O
practices	O
by	O
leading	O
developers	O
in	O
sectors	O
including	O
automotive	O
,	O
aerospace	O
,	O
telecom	O
,	O
medical	O
devices	O
,	O
defense	O
,	O
railway	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Joint	O
Strike	O
Fighter	O
project	O
C++	O
Coding	O
Standards	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
MISRA-C:1998	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NASA	O
Jet	O
Propulsion	O
Laboratory	O
C	B-Language
Coding	O
Standards	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
MISRA-C:2004	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISO	O
26262	O
Functional	O
Safety	O
-	O
Road	O
Vehicles	O
cites	O
MISRA	B-Language
C	I-Language
as	O
being	O
an	O
appropriate	O
sub-set	O
of	O
the	O
C	B-Language
language	I-Language
:	O
</s>
<s>
ISO	O
26262-6:2011	O
Part	O
6	O
:	O
Product	O
development	O
at	O
the	O
software	O
level	O
cites	O
MISRA-C:2004	O
and	O
MISRA	O
AC	O
AGC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AUTOSAR	B-Application
General	O
Software	O
Specification	O
(	O
SRS_BSW_00007	O
)	O
likewise	O
cites	O
MISRA	B-Language
C	I-Language
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AUTOSAR	B-Application
4.2	O
General	O
Software	O
Specification	O
requires	O
that	O
If	O
the	O
BSW	O
Module	O
implementation	O
is	O
written	O
in	O
C	B-Language
language	I-Language
,	O
then	O
it	O
shall	O
conform	O
to	O
the	O
MISRA	O
C:2004	O
Standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AUTOSAR	B-Application
4.3	O
General	O
Software	O
Specification	O
requires	O
that	O
If	O
the	O
BSW	O
Module	O
implementation	O
is	O
written	O
in	O
C	B-Language
language	I-Language
,	O
then	O
it	O
shall	O
conform	O
to	O
the	O
MISRA	O
C:2012	O
Standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Avoiding	O
possible	O
compiler	O
differences	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
C	B-Language
's	O
int	O
type	O
may	O
vary	O
but	O
int16_t	O
(	O
standardized	O
in	O
C99	B-Language
)	O
is	O
always	O
16	O
bits	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MISRA	O
C:2012	O
separately	O
classifies	O
each	O
guideline	O
as	O
either	O
Single	O
Translation	B-Language
Unit	I-Language
or	O
System	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MISRA	O
published	O
documents	O
to	O
provide	O
additional	O
guidance	O
to	O
understand	B-Application
and	O
achieve	O
MISRA	O
compliance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
for	O
a	O
piece	O
of	O
software	O
to	O
claim	O
to	O
be	O
compliant	O
to	O
the	O
MISRA	B-Language
C	I-Language
Guidelines	O
,	O
all	O
mandatory	O
rules	O
shall	O
be	O
met	O
and	O
all	O
required	O
rules	O
and	O
directives	O
shall	O
either	O
be	O
met	O
or	O
subject	O
to	O
a	O
formal	O
deviation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
MISRA	B-Language
C	I-Language
rules	O
can	O
be	O
characterized	O
as	O
guidelines	O
because	O
under	O
certain	O
condition	O
software	O
engineers	O
may	O
deviate	O
from	O
rules	O
and	O
still	O
be	O
considered	O
compliant	O
with	O
the	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
edition	O
of	O
MISRA	B-Language
C	I-Language
,	O
"	O
Guidelines	O
for	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
C	B-Language
language	I-Language
in	O
vehicle	O
based	O
software	O
"	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
published	O
in	O
1998	O
and	O
is	O
officially	O
known	O
as	O
MISRA-C:1998	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MISRA-C:1998	O
has	O
127	O
rules	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
93	O
are	O
required	O
and	O
34	O
are	O
advisory	O
;	O
the	O
rules	O
are	O
numbered	O
in	O
sequence	O
from	O
1	O
to	O
127	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2004	O
,	O
a	O
second	O
edition	O
"	O
Guidelines	O
for	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
C	B-Language
language	I-Language
in	O
critical	O
systems	O
"	O
,	O
or	O
MISRA-C:2004	O
was	O
produced	O
,	O
with	O
many	O
substantial	O
changes	O
to	O
the	O
guidelines	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
complete	O
renumbering	O
of	O
the	O
rules	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MISRA-C:2004	O
contains	O
142	O
rules	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
122	O
are	O
"	O
required	O
"	O
and	O
20	O
are	O
"	O
advisory	O
"	O
;	O
they	O
are	O
divided	O
into	O
21	O
topical	O
categories	O
,	O
from	O
"	O
Environment	O
"	O
to	O
"	O
Run-time	O
failures	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MISRA	O
C:2012	O
extends	O
support	O
to	O
the	O
C99	B-Language
version	O
of	O
the	O
C	B-Language
language	I-Language
(	O
while	O
maintaining	O
guidelines	O
for	O
C90	O
)	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
including	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
improvements	O
that	O
can	O
reduce	O
the	O
cost	O
and	O
complexity	O
of	O
compliance	O
,	O
whilst	O
aiding	O
consistent	O
,	O
safe	O
use	O
of	O
C	B-Language
in	O
critical	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MISRA-C:2012	O
contains	O
143	O
rules	O
and	O
16	O
"	O
directives	O
"	O
(	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
rules	O
whose	O
compliance	O
is	O
more	O
open	O
to	O
interpretation	O
,	O
or	O
relates	O
to	O
process	O
or	O
procedural	O
matters	O
)	O
;	O
each	O
of	O
which	O
is	O
classified	O
as	O
mandatory	O
,	O
required	O
,	O
or	O
advisory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
separately	O
classified	O
as	O
either	O
Single	O
Translation	B-Language
Unit	I-Language
or	O
System	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
exemplar	O
suite	O
(	O
for	O
MISRA-C:2004	O
and	O
MISRA	O
C:2012	O
)	O
is	O
available	O
from	O
the	O
MISRA	O
GitLab	B-Application
repository	O
(	O
login	O
required	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MISRA	O
C:2004	O
,	O
C:2012	O
,	O
C:2012	O
Amendment	O
1	O
,	O
C++	O
:2008	O
,	O
Compliance:2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ECLAIR	B-Application
by	O
BUGSENG	O
srl	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MISRA	O
C:2004	O
,	O
C:2012	O
,	O
C:2012	O
Amendment	O
1	O
,	O
C++	O
:2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Helix	O
QAC	O
by	O
Perforce	B-General_Concept
Software	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
MISRA	O
C:1998	O
,	O
C:2004	O
,	O
C:2012	O
,	O
C++	O
:2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Klocwork	O
by	O
Rogue	O
Wave	O
Software	O
(	O
now	O
owned	O
by	O
Perforce	B-General_Concept
Software	I-General_Concept
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MISRA	O
C:2012	O
,	O
C:2012	O
Amendment	O
1	O
,	O
C++	O
:2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Parasoft	B-Library
C/C	I-Library
++test	I-Library
by	O
Parasoft	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MISRA	B-Language
C	I-Language
1998	O
,	O
MISRA	B-Language
C	I-Language
2004	O
,	O
MISRA	B-Language
C	I-Language
2012	O
AMD1	O
,	O
AMD2	O
and	O
AMD3	O
,	O
MISRA	B-Language
C++	I-Language
2008	O
,	O
Draft	O
version	O
of	O
MISRA	B-Language
C++	I-Language
202x	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MISRA	O
C:1998	O
,	O
C:2004	O
,	O
C:2012	O
,	O
C++	O
:2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
C/C	O
++	O
compilers	O
that	O
support	O
MISRA	O
conformance	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
IAR	O
Systems	O
-	O
MISRA	O
C:1998	O
,	O
C:2004	O
,	O
C:2012	O
,	O
C++	O
:2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TASKING	B-Algorithm
-	O
MISRA	O
C:1998	O
,	O
C:2004	O
,	O
C:2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
research	O
results	O
question	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
MISRA	B-Language
C	I-Language
2004	O
.	O
</s>
