<s>
The	O
MEMO	B-Application
model	I-Application
(	O
version	O
6.2	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
Eulerian	O
non-hydrostatic	O
prognostic	O
mesoscale	O
model	O
for	O
wind-flow	O
simulation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MEMO	B-Application
Model	I-Application
together	O
with	O
the	O
photochemical	O
dispersion	O
model	O
MARS	O
are	O
the	O
two	O
core	O
models	O
of	O
the	O
European	O
zooming	O
model	O
(	O
EZM	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
prognostic	O
mesoscale	O
model	O
MEMO	B-Application
describes	O
the	O
dynamics	O
of	O
the	O
atmospheric	O
boundary	O
layer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
model	O
solves	O
the	O
continuity	O
equation	O
,	O
the	O
momentum	B-Algorithm
equations	O
and	O
several	O
transport	O
equations	O
for	O
scalars	O
(	O
including	O
the	O
thermal	O
energy	O
equation	O
and	O
,	O
as	O
options	O
,	O
transport	O
equations	O
for	O
water	O
vapour	O
,	O
the	O
turbulent	O
kinetic	O
energy	O
and	O
pollutant	O
concentrations	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
fast	O
elliptic	O
solver	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
fast	O
Fourier	O
analysis	O
in	O
both	O
horizontal	O
directions	O
and	O
Gaussian	B-Algorithm
elimination	I-Algorithm
in	O
the	O
vertical	O
direction	O
(	O
Moussiopoulos	O
and	O
Flassak	O
,	O
1989	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
avoid	O
this	O
,	O
vertical	O
turbulent	O
diffusion	O
is	O
treated	O
using	O
the	O
second	O
order	O
Crank	B-Algorithm
–	I-Algorithm
Nicolson	I-Algorithm
method	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
present	O
version	O
of	O
MEMO	B-Application
,	O
a	O
3D	O
second-order	O
total-variation-diminishing	O
(	O
TVD	O
)	O
scheme	O
is	O
implemented	O
which	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
1D	O
scheme	O
proposed	O
by	O
Harten	O
(	O
1986	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
MEMO	B-Application
model	I-Application
,	O
radiative	O
transfer	O
is	O
calculated	O
with	O
an	O
efficient	O
scheme	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
emissivity	O
method	O
for	O
longwave	O
radiation	O
and	O
an	O
implicit	O
multilayer	O
method	O
for	O
shortwave	O
radiation	O
(	O
Moussiopoulos	O
1987	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
case	O
of	O
MEMO	B-Application
turbulence	O
can	O
be	O
treated	O
either	O
with	O
a	O
zero-	O
,	O
one	O
-	O
or	O
two-equation	O
turbulence	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
MEMO	B-Application
,	O
initialization	O
is	O
performed	O
with	O
suitable	O
diagnostic	O
methods	O
:	O
a	O
mass-consistent	O
initial	O
wind	O
field	O
is	O
formulated	O
using	O
an	O
objective	O
analysis	O
model	O
and	O
scalar	O
fields	O
are	O
initialized	O
using	O
appropriate	O
interpolating	O
techniques	O
(	O
Kunz	O
,	O
R.	O
,	O
1991	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
the	O
experience	O
gained	O
so	O
far	O
with	O
the	O
model	O
MEMO	B-Application
,	O
neglecting	O
large	O
scale	O
environmental	O
information	O
might	O
result	O
in	O
instabilities	O
in	O
case	O
of	O
simulations	O
over	O
longer	O
time	O
periods	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
one	O
way	O
interactive	O
nesting	O
facility	O
is	O
possible	O
within	O
MEMO	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
this	O
definition	O
,	O
the	O
outgoing	O
fluxes	O
of	O
momentum	B-Algorithm
,	O
mass	O
,	O
heat	O
and	O
also	O
turbulent	O
fluxes	O
of	O
a	O
grid	O
cell	O
are	O
identical	O
to	O
incoming	O
flux	O
of	O
the	O
adjacent	O
grid	O
cell	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
calculations	O
with	O
MEMO	B-Application
,	O
a	O
file	O
must	O
be	O
provided	O
which	O
contains	O
orography	O
height	O
and	O
surface	O
type	O
for	O
each	O
grid	O
location	O
The	O
following	O
surface	O
types	O
are	O
distinguished	O
and	O
must	O
be	O
stored	O
as	O
percentage	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
prognostic	O
model	O
MEMO	B-Application
is	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
partial	O
differential	O
equations	O
in	O
three	O
spatial	O
directions	O
and	O
in	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
MEMO	B-Application
,	O
a	O
one-way	O
interactive	O
nesting	O
scheme	O
is	O
implemented	O
.	O
</s>
