<s>
The	O
MANIAC	B-Device
I	I-Device
(	O
Mathematical	O
Analyzer	O
Numerical	O
Integrator	O
and	O
Automatic	O
Computer	O
Model	O
I	O
)	O
was	O
an	O
early	O
computer	O
built	O
under	O
the	O
direction	O
of	O
Nicholas	O
Metropolis	O
at	O
the	O
Los	O
Alamos	O
Scientific	O
Laboratory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
von	B-Architecture
Neumann	I-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
of	O
the	O
IAS	B-Device
,	O
developed	O
by	O
John	O
von	O
Neumann	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
with	O
all	O
computers	O
of	O
its	O
era	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
one-of-a-kind	O
machine	O
that	O
could	O
not	O
exchange	O
programs	O
with	O
other	O
computers	O
(	O
even	O
the	O
several	O
other	O
machines	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
IAS	B-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Metropolis	O
chose	O
the	O
name	O
MANIAC	B-Device
in	O
the	O
hope	O
of	O
stopping	O
the	O
rash	O
of	O
silly	O
acronyms	O
for	O
machine	O
names	O
,	O
although	O
von	O
Neumann	O
may	O
have	O
suggested	O
the	O
name	O
to	O
him	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MANIAC	B-Device
weighed	O
about	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
task	O
assigned	O
to	O
the	O
Los	O
Alamos	O
Maniac	B-Device
was	O
to	O
perform	O
more	O
precise	O
and	O
extensive	O
calculations	O
of	O
the	O
thermonuclear	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1953	O
,	O
the	O
MANIAC	B-Device
obtained	O
the	O
first	O
equation	O
of	O
state	O
calculated	O
by	O
modified	O
Monte	B-Algorithm
Carlo	I-Algorithm
integration	I-Algorithm
over	O
configuration	O
space	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1956	O
,	O
MANIAC	B-Device
I	I-Device
became	O
the	O
first	O
computer	O
to	O
defeat	O
a	O
human	O
being	O
in	O
a	O
chess-like	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MANIAC	B-Device
ran	O
successfully	O
in	O
March	O
1952	O
and	O
was	O
shut	O
down	O
on	O
July	O
15	O
,	O
1958	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
featured	O
in	O
at	O
least	O
two	O
UNM	O
Maniac	B-Device
programming	O
dissertations	O
from	O
1963	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
succeeded	O
by	O
MANIAC	B-Device
II	I-Device
in	O
1957	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
third	O
version	O
MANIAC	B-Device
III	I-Device
was	O
built	O
at	O
the	O
Institute	O
for	O
Computer	O
Research	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Chicago	O
in	O
1964	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dana	O
Scott	O
-	O
programmed	O
the	O
MANIAC	B-Device
to	O
enumerate	O
all	O
solutions	O
to	O
a	O
pentomino	O
puzzle	O
by	O
backtracking	O
in	O
1958	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Marjorie	O
Devaney	O
-	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
MANIAC	B-Device
I	I-Device
programmers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Arianna	B-Algorithm
W	I-Algorithm
.	I-Algorithm
Rosenbluth	I-Algorithm
-	O
wrote	O
the	O
first	O
full	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
widely	O
used	O
Markov	B-General_Concept
chain	I-General_Concept
Monte	I-General_Concept
Carlo	I-General_Concept
algorithm	O
.	O
</s>
