<s>
M-DISC	B-Device
(	O
Millennial	B-Device
Disc	I-Device
)	O
is	O
a	O
write-once	B-Device
optical	B-Device
disc	I-Device
technology	I-Device
introduced	O
in	O
2009	O
by	O
Millenniata	B-Device
,	O
Inc.and	O
available	O
as	O
DVD	O
and	O
Blu-ray	O
discs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
M-DISC	B-Device
'	O
s	O
design	O
is	O
intended	O
to	O
provide	O
archival	O
media	O
longevity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
M-Disc	B-Device
claims	O
that	O
properly	O
stored	O
M-DISC	B-Device
DVD	O
recordings	O
will	O
last	O
up	O
to	O
1000	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
M-DISC	B-Device
DVD	O
looks	O
like	O
a	O
standard	O
disc	O
,	O
except	O
it	O
is	O
slightly	O
thicker	O
and	O
almost	O
transparent	O
with	O
later	O
DVD	O
&	O
BD-R	B-Operating_System
M-Disks	B-Device
having	O
standard	O
and	O
inkjet	O
printable	O
labels	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
patents	O
protecting	O
the	O
M-DISC	B-Device
technology	O
assert	O
that	O
the	O
data	O
layer	O
is	O
a	O
glassy	O
carbon	O
material	O
that	O
is	O
substantially	O
inert	O
to	O
oxidation	B-Operating_System
and	O
has	O
a	O
melting	O
point	O
of	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
M-Discs	B-Device
are	O
readable	O
by	O
most	O
regular	O
DVD	O
players	O
made	O
after	O
2005	O
and	O
Blu-Ray	O
&	O
BDXL	O
disc	O
drives	O
and	O
writable	O
by	O
most	O
made	O
after	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Available	O
recording	O
capacities	O
conform	O
to	O
standard	O
DVD/Blu	O
-ray	O
sizes	O
:	O
4.7GB	O
DVD-R	O
to	O
25GB	O
BD-R	B-Operating_System
,	O
50GB	O
BD-R	B-Operating_System
and	O
100GB	O
BDXL	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
M-DISC	B-Device
developer	O
Millenniata	B-Device
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
was	O
co-founded	O
by	O
Brigham	O
Young	O
University	O
professors	O
Barry	O
Lunt	O
,	O
Matthew	O
Linford	O
,	O
CEO	B-Application
Henry	O
O'Connell	O
and	O
CTO	O
Doug	O
Hansen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Millenniata	B-Device
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
officially	O
went	O
bankrupt	O
in	O
December	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Under	O
the	O
direction	O
of	O
CEO	B-Application
Paul	O
Brockbank	O
,	O
Millenniata	B-Device
had	O
issued	O
convertible	O
debt	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
debt	O
holders	O
subsequently	O
started	O
a	O
new	O
company	O
,	O
Yours.co,	O
to	O
sell	O
M-DISCs	B-Device
and	O
related	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
the	O
2020	O
's	O
there	O
are	O
only	O
2	O
licensed	O
manufactures	O
 '	O
M-Discs	B-Device
,	O
Ritek	O
sold	O
under	O
the	O
Ritek	O
and	O
M-DISC	B-Device
brands	O
and	O
Verbatim	O
produces	O
co-branded	O
discs	O
,	O
marketed	O
as	O
the	O
"	O
Verbatim	O
M-DISC	B-Device
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
M-Disk	B-Device
passed	O
the	O
testing	O
standards	O
of	O
both	O
ISO/IEC	O
10995:2011	O
&	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
glassy	O
carbon	O
layers	O
,	O
in	O
theory	O
if	O
preserved	O
correctly	O
in	O
an	O
environment	O
like	O
a	O
salt	O
mine	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
actual	O
data	O
could	O
last	O
for	O
over	O
10,000	O
years	O
before	O
going	O
outside	O
of	O
readable	O
spec	O
,	O
however	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
polycarbonate	O
plastics	O
which	O
are	O
commonly	O
used	O
by	O
almost	O
all	O
optical	B-Device
media	I-Device
and	O
heavily	O
in	O
CBRN	O
and	O
ballistic	O
protective	O
equipment	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
well-known	O
optical	O
,	O
physical	O
impact	O
&	O
chemical	O
resistant	O
properties	O
,	O
the	O
discs	O
only	O
have	O
a	O
relative	O
lifespan	O
rating	O
of	O
1000	O
years	O
before	O
plastic	O
degradation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2009	O
,	O
testing	O
was	O
done	O
by	O
the	O
US	O
Department	O
of	O
Defense	O
(	O
DOD	O
)	O
producing	O
the	O
China	O
Lake	O
Report	O
testing	O
Millenniata	B-Device
's	O
M-Disk	B-Device
DVD	O
to	O
current	O
market	O
offerings	O
from	O
Delkin	O
,	O
MAM-A	O
,	O
Mitsubishi	O
,	O
Taiyo	O
Yuden	O
and	O
Verbatim	O
with	O
all	O
brands	O
using	O
organic	O
dyes	O
failing	O
to	O
pass	O
the	O
series	O
of	O
accelerated	O
aging	O
tests	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2012	O
(	O
2010-2012	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
French	O
National	O
Laboratory	O
of	O
Metrology	O
and	O
Testing	O
(	O
LNE	O
)	O
used	O
high-temperature	O
accelerated	O
aging	O
testing	O
,	O
at	O
90	O
°C	O
(	O
194	O
°F	O
)	O
and	O
85%	O
relative	O
humidity	O
inside	O
a	O
CLIMATS	O
Excal	O
5423-U	O
,	O
for	O
250	O
~	O
1000	O
hours	O
with	O
a	O
mix	O
of	O
in-organic	O
DVD+R	O
discs	O
from	O
MPO	O
,	O
Verbatim	O
,	O
Maxwell	O
,	O
Syylex	O
&	O
DataTresor	O
,	O
summary	O
of	O
the	O
tests	O
states	O
Syylex	O
GlassMasterDisc	O
was	O
rated	O
for	O
1000+	O
hours	O
,	O
DataTresorDisc	O
250	O
hours+	O
&	O
M-Disk	B-Device
under	O
250	O
hours	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
,	O
a	O
consumer	O
Mol	O
Smith	O
did	O
real	O
world	O
stress	O
testing	O
on	O
the	O
25GB	O
BD-R	B-Device
M-Disc	I-Device
alongside	O
TDK	O
's	O
standard	O
BD-R	B-Operating_System
25GB	O
disc	O
,	O
which	O
demonstrated	O
the	O
reliability	O
of	O
M-Disc	B-Device
'	O
s	O
molding	O
compared	O
to	O
standard	O
discs	O
;	O
after	O
60	O
days	O
of	O
outdoor	O
direct	O
exposure	O
the	O
M-Disk	B-Device
was	O
verified	O
without	O
error	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
TDK	O
disc	O
was	O
physically	O
destroyed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2022	O
,	O
the	O
NIST	O
Interagency	O
Report	O
NIST	O
IR	O
8387(Page 12 )	O
,	O
stated	O
that	O
M-Disc	B-Device
is	O
an	O
acceptable	O
archival	O
format	O
rated	O
for	O
up	O
to	O
100	O
years+	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
recorded	O
discs	O
are	O
readable	O
in	O
conventional	O
DVD	O
&	O
BD	O
drives	O
,	O
they	O
can	O
only	O
be	O
burned	O
by	O
drives	O
with	O
firmware	O
that	O
supports	O
the	O
slightly	O
higher	O
power	O
mode	O
that	O
M-Disk	B-Device
requires	O
for	O
burning	O
its	O
inorganic	O
layers	O
,	O
as	O
such	O
writing	O
speed	O
is	O
typically	O
2x	O
speed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typically	O
,	O
the	O
M-Discs	B-Device
cost	O
1.5	O
–	O
3x	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
standard	O
Blu-Ray	O
discs	O
with	O
DVD	O
M-Discs	B-Device
now	O
having	O
sparse	O
availability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
first-generation	O
DVD	O
M-DISCs	B-Device
,	O
it	O
was	O
difficult	O
to	O
determine	O
which	O
was	O
the	O
writable	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
disc	O
due	O
to	O
being	O
near	O
fully	O
translucent	O
,	O
until	O
coloring	O
and	O
later	O
labels	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
on	O
standard	O
DVD	O
discs	O
was	O
added	O
to	O
discs	O
to	O
help	O
distinguish	O
the	O
sides	O
preventing	O
user	O
error	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Asus	O
,	O
LG	O
Electronics	O
,	O
Lite-On	O
,	O
Pioneer	O
,	O
Hitachi-LG	O
and	O
Verbatim	O
produce	O
drives	O
that	O
can	O
record	O
M-DISC	B-Device
media	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sony	B-Device
's	I-Device
Optical	I-Device
Archive	I-Device
,	O
is	O
an	O
optical	O
competitor	O
to	O
the	O
LTO	B-Operating_System
data	O
tape	O
system	O
,	O
currently	O
with	O
up	O
to	O
5.5TB	O
cartridges	O
of	O
dual-sided	O
120mm	O
discs	O
,	O
with	O
desktop	O
readers	O
and	O
automated	O
rackmount	B-Application
standard	I-Application
archival	O
systems	O
allowing	O
for	O
large	O
scale	O
archival	O
and	O
data	O
retrieval	O
rated	O
for	O
an	O
estimated	O
100+	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linear	B-Operating_System
Tape-Open	I-Operating_System
(	O
LTO	B-Operating_System
)	O
rated	O
for	O
up	O
to	O
30	O
years	O
in	O
a	O
climate-controlled	O
environment	O
and	O
is	O
currently	O
in	O
use	O
by	O
most	O
industries	O
including	O
broadcast	O
,	O
and	O
corporate	O
digital	O
data	O
systems	O
with	O
up	O
to	O
45	O
TB	O
(	O
40.92	O
TiB	O
)	O
of	O
compressed	O
storage	O
per	O
cartrage	O
on	O
LTO	B-Operating_System
's	O
9th	O
generation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hard	B-Device
Disk	I-Device
Drives	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
currently	O
available	O
in	O
up	O
to	O
22TB	O
(	O
HDD	O
)	O
and	O
in	O
capacity	O
under	O
the	O
3.5-inch	O
format	O
and	O
5TB	O
in	O
the	O
2.5-inch	O
laptop	O
format	O
,	O
however	O
unlike	O
optical	B-Device
media	I-Device
are	O
limited	O
to	O
5-25	O
years	O
of	O
rated	O
operation	O
lifespan	O
rating	O
due	O
to	O
inevitable	O
mechanical	O
failure	O
or	O
magnetic	O
instability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Solid	B-Device
State	I-Device
Drives	I-Device
currently	O
available	O
in	O
up	O
to	O
100TB	O
solid	O
state	O
unlike	O
mechanical	O
has	O
relatively	O
limited	O
read/write	O
cycles	O
,	O
and	O
data	O
rot	O
over	O
short	O
periods	O
without	O
power	O
(	O
1	O
year	O
or	O
more	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
