<s>
A	O
ludic	B-Application
interface	I-Application
is	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
computer	B-Application
interface	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
human	O
–	O
computer	O
interaction	O
(	O
HCI	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
term	O
ludic	B-Application
Interfaces	I-Application
describes	O
a	O
discipline	O
that	O
focuses	O
on	O
user	B-Application
interfaces	I-Application
that	O
are	O
inherently	O
"	O
playful	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
various	O
tools	O
and	O
concepts	O
associated	O
with	O
ludic	B-Application
interface	I-Application
development	O
differ	O
from	O
mainstream	O
technological	O
systems	O
that	O
employ	O
human	O
computer	O
interfacing	O
and	O
interaction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ludic	B-Application
interfaces	I-Application
tend	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
playful	O
,	O
are	O
user-generated	O
and	O
user-driven	O
,	O
flexible	O
,	O
low-cost	O
and	O
cooperative	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
interfaces	B-Application
are	O
often	O
experimental	O
and	O
draw	O
upon	O
methods	O
and	O
knowledge	O
from	O
video	O
game	O
design	O
,	O
interactive	O
media	O
,	O
modding	B-Device
cultures	O
,	O
media	O
conversion	O
,	O
and	O
social	O
networking	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
goal	O
of	O
ludic	B-Application
interface	I-Application
design	O
is	O
to	O
create	O
interfacing	O
technology	O
that	O
offers	O
ease	O
of	O
use	O
and	O
is	O
inherently	O
playful	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
its	O
core	O
,	O
"	O
ludic	B-Application
interfaces	I-Application
"	O
is	O
a	O
subcategory	O
of	O
interfaces	B-Application
in	O
general	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Various	O
authors	O
suggest	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
term	O
"	O
ludic	B-Application
interfaces	I-Application
"	O
for	O
non-digital	O
phenomena	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Ludic	B-Application
Interfaces	I-Application
"	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
Masters	O
programme	O
development	O
on	O
a	O
European	O
level	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ludic	B-Application
interface	I-Application
design	O
was	O
first	O
defined	O
in	O
2002	O
by	O
William	O
Gaver	O
,	O
in	O
"	O
Designing	O
for	O
Homo	O
Ludens	O
"	O
,	O
expanded	O
in	O
a	O
later	O
article	O
in	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
same	O
year	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
game	O
artists	O
and	O
scholars	O
at	O
Leuphana	O
University	O
in	O
Lueneburg	O
started	O
lecturing	O
and	O
writing	O
about	O
the	O
theory	O
of	O
Ludic	B-Application
Interfaces	I-Application
and	O
applied	O
for	O
a	O
European	O
grant	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
Masters	O
programme	O
in	O
Ludic	B-Application
Interfaces	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
notion	O
of	O
"	O
ludic	B-Application
interfaces	I-Application
"	O
has	O
also	O
historical	O
roots	O
in	O
artistic	O
practice	O
and	O
analysis	O
of	O
interfaces	B-Application
(	O
cf	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
could	O
certainly	O
be	O
implemented	O
as	O
a	O
Flash	O
simulation	O
or	O
be	O
built	O
for	O
a	O
2D	O
monitor	O
display	O
system	O
,	O
but	O
without	O
the	O
materiality	O
of	O
the	O
ludic	B-Application
interface	I-Application
,	O
without	O
the	O
special	O
lighting	O
,	O
and	O
without	O
the	O
artist	O
dressed	O
in	O
a	O
fortune	O
teller	O
’s	O
dress	O
the	O
game	O
would	O
not	O
work	O
at	O
all	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ludic	B-Application
interfaces	I-Application
can	O
also	O
facilitate	O
play	O
in	O
a	O
musical	O
sense	O
.	O
</s>
