<s>
Low	B-Algorithm
frequency	I-Algorithm
(	O
LF	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
ITU	O
designation	O
for	O
radio	O
frequencies	O
(	O
RF	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
range	O
of	O
30	O
–	O
300kHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Europe	O
and	O
areas	O
of	O
Northern	O
Africa	O
and	O
Asia	O
,	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
LF	O
spectrum	O
is	O
used	O
for	O
AM	O
broadcasting	O
as	O
the	O
"	O
longwave	B-Algorithm
"	O
band	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
of	O
their	O
long	O
wavelength	O
,	O
low	B-Algorithm
frequency	I-Algorithm
radio	O
waves	O
can	O
diffract	O
over	O
obstacles	O
like	O
mountain	O
ranges	O
and	O
travel	O
beyond	O
the	O
horizon	O
,	O
following	O
the	O
contour	O
of	O
the	O
Earth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Low	B-Algorithm
frequency	I-Algorithm
ground	O
waves	O
can	O
be	O
received	O
up	O
to	O
from	O
the	O
transmitting	O
antenna	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Low	B-Algorithm
frequency	I-Algorithm
waves	O
can	O
also	O
occasionally	O
travel	O
long	O
distances	O
by	O
reflecting	O
from	O
the	O
ionosphere	O
(	O
the	O
actual	O
mechanism	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
refraction	O
)	O
,	O
although	O
this	O
method	O
,	O
called	O
skywave	O
or	O
"	O
skip	O
"	O
propagation	O
,	O
is	O
not	O
as	O
common	O
as	O
at	O
higher	O
frequencies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AM	O
broadcasting	O
is	O
authorized	O
in	O
the	O
longwave	B-Algorithm
band	O
on	O
frequencies	O
between	O
148.5	O
and	O
283.5kHz	O
in	O
Europe	O
and	O
parts	O
of	O
Asia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Longwave	B-Algorithm
radio	I-Algorithm
hobbyists	O
refer	O
to	O
this	O
as	O
the	O
'	O
LowFER	O
 '	O
band	O
,	O
and	O
experimenters	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
transmitters	O
are	O
called	O
'	O
LowFERs	O
 '	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
regular	O
service	O
transmitting	O
RTTY	O
marine	O
meteorological	O
information	O
in	O
SYNOP	B-Application
code	O
on	O
LF	O
is	O
the	O
German	O
Meteorological	O
Service	O
(	O
Deutscher	O
Wetterdienst	O
or	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
where	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
longwave	B-Algorithm
broadcasting	O
service	O
,	O
Non-directional	O
beacons	O
used	O
for	O
aeronavigation	O
operate	O
on	O
190	O
–	O
300kHz	O
(	O
and	O
beyond	O
into	O
the	O
MW	O
band	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
radio	B-Application
frequency	I-Application
identification	I-Application
(	O
RFID	B-Application
)	O
tags	O
utilize	O
LF	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
tags	O
are	O
commonly	O
known	O
as	O
LFIDs	O
or	O
LowFIDs	O
(	O
Low	B-Algorithm
Frequency	I-Algorithm
Identification	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
LF	O
RFID	B-Application
tags	I-Application
are	O
near	O
field	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LF	O
(	O
longwave	B-Algorithm
)	O
broadcasting	O
stations	O
use	O
mast	O
antennas	O
with	O
heights	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
150	O
meters	O
or	O
T-aerials	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
longwave	B-Algorithm
antennas	O
consist	O
of	O
multiple	O
mast	O
antennas	O
arranged	O
in	O
a	O
circle	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
a	O
mast	O
antenna	O
in	O
the	O
center	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
type	O
of	O
antenna	O
is	O
rarely	O
used	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
very	O
expensive	O
and	O
require	O
much	O
space	O
and	O
because	O
fading	O
occurs	O
on	O
longwave	B-Algorithm
much	O
more	O
rarely	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
medium	O
wave	O
range	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
reception	O
,	O
long	O
wire	O
antennas	O
are	O
used	O
,	O
or	O
more	O
often	O
ferrite	O
loop	B-Architecture
antennas	I-Architecture
because	O
of	O
their	O
small	O
size	O
.	O
</s>
