<s>
A	O
low-power	O
,	O
wide-area	O
network	O
(	O
LPWAN	B-General_Concept
or	O
LPWA	B-General_Concept
network	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
wireless	O
telecommunication	O
wide	O
area	O
network	O
designed	O
to	O
allow	O
long-range	O
communications	O
at	O
a	O
low	O
bit	O
rate	O
among	O
things	B-Operating_System
(	O
connected	O
objects	O
)	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
sensors	O
operated	O
on	O
a	O
battery	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
low	O
power	O
,	O
low	O
bit	O
rate	O
,	O
and	O
intended	O
use	O
distinguish	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
network	O
from	O
a	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
WAN	I-General_Concept
that	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
connect	O
users	O
or	O
businesses	O
,	O
and	O
carry	O
more	O
data	O
,	O
using	O
more	O
power	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
LPWAN	B-General_Concept
may	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
private	O
wireless	B-Architecture
sensor	I-Architecture
network	I-Architecture
,	O
but	O
may	O
also	O
be	O
a	O
service	O
or	O
infrastructure	O
offered	O
by	O
a	O
third	O
party	O
,	O
allowing	O
the	O
owners	O
of	O
sensors	O
to	O
deploy	O
them	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
without	O
investing	O
in	O
gateway	B-Application
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Long	O
range	O
:	O
The	O
operating	O
range	O
of	O
LPWAN	B-General_Concept
technology	O
varies	O
from	O
a	O
few	O
kilometers	O
in	O
urban	O
areas	O
to	O
over	O
10	O
km	O
in	O
rural	O
settings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Low	O
power	O
:	O
Optimized	O
for	O
power	O
consumption	O
,	O
LPWAN	B-General_Concept
transceivers	O
can	O
run	O
on	O
small	O
,	O
inexpensive	O
batteries	O
for	O
up	O
to	O
20	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Low	O
cost	O
:	O
LPWAN	B-General_Concept
's	O
simplified	O
,	O
lightweight	O
protocols	O
reduce	O
complexity	O
in	O
hardware	O
design	O
and	O
lower	O
device	O
costs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
competing	O
standards	O
and	O
vendors	O
for	O
LPWAN	B-General_Concept
space	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
DASH7	B-Device
,	O
a	O
low	O
latency	O
,	O
bi-directional	O
firmware	O
standard	O
that	O
operates	O
over	O
multiple	O
LPWAN	B-General_Concept
radio	O
technologies	O
including	O
LoRa	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wize	B-General_Concept
is	O
an	O
open	O
and	O
royalty-free	O
standard	O
for	O
LPWAN	B-General_Concept
derived	O
from	O
the	O
European	O
Standard	O
Wireless	O
Mbus	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LoRa	B-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
proprietary	O
,	O
chirp	B-Protocol
spread	I-Protocol
spectrum	I-Protocol
radio	O
modulation	B-Application
technology	O
for	O
LPWAN	B-General_Concept
used	O
by	O
LoRaWAN	O
,	O
Haystack	O
Technologies	O
,	O
and	O
Symphony	O
Link	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MIoTy	B-General_Concept
,	O
implementing	O
Telegram	O
Splitting	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ELTRES	O
,	O
a	O
LPWA	B-General_Concept
technology	O
developed	O
by	O
Sony	O
,	O
with	O
transmission	O
ranges	O
of	O
over	O
100	O
km	O
while	O
moving	O
at	O
speeds	O
of	O
100	O
km/h	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ultra	O
Narrowband	O
(	O
UNB	O
)	O
,	O
modulation	B-Application
technology	O
used	O
for	O
LPWAN	B-General_Concept
by	O
various	O
companies	O
including	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
NB-Fi	B-General_Concept
Protocol	I-General_Concept
,	O
developed	O
by	O
WAVIoT	O
company	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DASH7	B-Device
Mode	O
2	O
development	O
framework	O
for	O
low	O
power	O
wireless	O
networks	O
,	O
by	O
Haystack	O
Technologies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Runs	O
over	O
many	O
wireless	O
radio	O
standards	O
like	O
LoRa	B-General_Concept
,	O
LTE	O
,	O
802.15.4g	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LTE	O
Advanced	O
for	O
Machine	O
Type	O
Communications	O
(	O
LTE-M	B-Device
)	O
,	O
an	O
evolution	O
of	O
LTE	O
communications	O
for	O
connected	O
things	B-Operating_System
by	O
3GPP	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MySensors	B-Device
,	O
DIY	O
Home	O
Automation	O
framework	O
supporting	O
different	O
radios	O
including	O
LoRa	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
NarrowBand	O
IoT	B-Operating_System
(	O
NB-IoT	O
)	O
,	O
standardization	O
effort	O
by	O
3GPP	O
for	O
a	O
LPWAN	B-General_Concept
used	O
in	O
cellular	O
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Random	O
phase	O
multiple	O
access	O
(	O
RPMA	O
)	O
from	O
Ingenu	O
,	O
formerly	O
known	O
as	O
On-Ramp	O
Wireless	O
,	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
variation	O
of	O
CDMA	B-Protocol
technology	O
for	O
cellular	O
phones	O
,	O
but	O
uses	O
unlicensed	O
2.4GHz	O
spectrum	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Byron	O
,	O
a	O
direct-sequence	B-Device
spread	I-Device
spectrum	I-Device
(	O
DSSS	B-Device
)	O
technology	O
from	O
Taggle	O
Systems	O
in	O
Australia	O
.	O
</s>
