<s>
Looping	B-Application
is	O
an	O
action	B-Application
game	I-Application
developed	O
and	O
published	O
in	O
arcades	O
in	O
1982	O
by	O
Video	O
Games	O
GmbH	O
in	O
Europe	O
and	O
Venture	O
Line	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Conceived	O
by	O
Italian	O
designer	O
and	O
engineer	O
Giorgio	O
Ugozzoli	O
,	O
Looping	B-Application
was	O
the	O
second	O
of	O
two	O
original	O
games	O
produced	O
by	O
German	O
game	O
developer	O
Video	O
Games	O
GmbH	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
being	O
Super	O
Tank	O
(	O
1981	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
was	O
chosen	O
by	O
Video	O
Games	O
GmbH	O
due	O
to	O
being	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
few	O
people	O
in	O
Europe	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
working	O
with	O
the	O
TMS1000	B-Device
,	O
as	O
Texas	O
Instruments	O
suggested	O
him	O
to	O
Video	O
Games	O
GmbH	O
when	O
looking	O
for	O
ideas	O
and	O
developers	O
for	O
a	O
new	O
project	O
using	O
the	O
8-bit	O
TMS9980	O
processor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
ported	O
to	O
the	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
by	O
Nuvatec	O
in	O
1983	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Conversions	O
for	O
the	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
and	O
Intellivision	B-Operating_System
were	O
planned	O
but	O
never	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Looping	B-Application
was	O
met	O
with	O
mixed	O
reception	O
from	O
critics	O
since	O
its	O
release	O
on	O
the	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
but	O
became	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
top-selling	O
cartridges	O
for	O
the	O
console	O
in	O
1983	O
;	O
praise	O
was	O
given	O
to	O
the	O
arcade-accurate	O
presentation	O
but	O
others	O
felt	O
mixed	O
in	O
regards	O
to	O
sound	O
design	O
,	O
while	O
criticism	O
was	O
geared	O
towards	O
the	O
frustrating	O
gameplay	O
and	O
sensitive	O
controls	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Looping	B-Application
is	O
a	O
side-scrolling	O
action	B-Application
game	I-Application
where	O
players	O
guide	O
a	O
plane	O
capable	O
of	O
performing	O
360°	O
loops	O
by	O
holding	O
the	O
joystick	O
in	O
one	O
direction	O
while	O
steering	O
up	O
or	O
down	O
across	O
two	O
phases	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
reach	O
a	O
docking	O
station	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Crashing	O
against	O
an	O
enemy	O
or	O
an	O
obstacle	O
will	O
result	O
in	O
losing	O
a	O
plane	O
stock	O
and	O
once	O
all	O
plane	O
stocks	O
are	O
lost	O
,	O
the	O
game	B-Application
is	I-Application
over	I-Application
unless	O
the	O
player	O
inserts	O
more	O
credits	O
into	O
the	O
arcade	B-Application
machine	O
to	O
continue	O
playing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Looping	B-Application
was	O
the	O
second	O
of	O
two	O
original	O
games	O
produced	O
by	O
German	O
game	O
developer	O
Video	O
Games	O
GmbH	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
being	O
Super	O
Tank	O
(	O
1981	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
developed	O
in	O
Parma	O
,	O
Italy	O
by	O
designer	O
and	O
engineer	O
Giorgio	O
Ugozzoli	O
,	O
who	O
previously	O
created	O
the	O
pinball	O
machine	O
Timothy	O
T	O
in	O
the	O
1970s	O
and	O
engineered	O
several	O
electronic	O
toys	O
using	O
the	O
TMS1000	B-Device
,	O
serving	O
as	O
his	O
first	O
commercial	O
video	O
game	O
and	O
recounted	O
the	O
project	O
's	O
development	O
process	O
and	O
history	O
in	O
a	O
2011	O
interview	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ugozzoli	O
revealed	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
chosen	O
by	O
Video	O
Games	O
GmbH	O
due	O
to	O
being	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
few	O
people	O
in	O
Europe	O
working	O
with	O
the	O
TMS1000	B-Device
,	O
as	O
Texas	O
Instruments	O
(	O
TI	O
)	O
suggested	O
him	O
to	O
Video	O
Games	O
GmbH	O
when	O
looking	O
for	O
ideas	O
and	O
developers	O
for	O
a	O
new	O
project	O
using	O
the	O
8-bit	O
TMS9980	O
processor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ugozzoli	O
stated	O
that	O
he	O
invested	O
his	O
savings	O
on	O
a	O
development	O
kit	O
consisting	O
of	O
a	O
TI-990/4	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
16-bit	O
TMS9900	O
with	O
an	O
in-circuit	O
emulation	O
(	O
ICE	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
TMS1000	B-Device
,	O
while	O
TI	O
also	O
gifted	O
him	O
an	O
ICE	O
for	O
the	O
TMS9900	O
with	O
an	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
compiler	B-Language
and	O
debugger	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ugozzoli	O
made	O
a	O
first	O
attempt	O
using	O
a	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
8086	I-General_Concept
chip	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
faster	O
but	O
not	O
effective	O
,	O
as	O
he	O
was	O
not	O
able	O
to	O
have	O
scrolling	O
background	O
and	O
high	O
sprite	O
counts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ugozzoli	O
found	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
working	O
with	O
16-bit	O
hardware	O
to	O
be	O
thrilling	O
and	O
the	O
sole	O
solution	O
,	O
as	O
his	O
idea	O
for	O
Looping	B-Application
required	O
"	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
CPU.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Looping	B-Application
was	O
programmed	O
over	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
eight	O
months	O
by	O
University	O
of	O
Parma	O
graduate	O
engineers	O
Marco	O
,	O
Pietro	O
and	O
Silvio	O
,	O
who	O
worked	O
underpaid	O
during	O
the	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ugozzoli	O
stated	O
that	O
the	O
gameplay	O
logic	O
was	O
developed	O
in	O
"	O
Pascalator	O
"	O
,	O
a	O
programming	O
translator	O
from	O
Pascal	B-Application
to	O
assembler	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
plane	O
flight	O
and	O
shots	O
were	O
coded	O
directly	O
in	O
assembler	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
his	O
connections	O
,	O
the	O
speech	B-Application
synthesis	I-Application
was	O
handled	O
in	O
a	O
week	O
at	O
a	O
Texas	O
Instruments	O
factory	O
in	O
Nice	O
,	O
where	O
Ugozzoli	O
had	O
previously	O
completed	O
speech	O
for	O
other	O
products	O
and	O
the	O
speech	O
was	O
provided	O
by	O
Giorgio	O
Morosi	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Looping	B-Application
was	O
first	O
released	O
in	O
arcades	O
by	O
Video	O
Games	O
GmbH	O
in	O
Europe	O
and	O
Venture	O
Line	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
in	O
March	O
1982	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
was	O
ported	O
to	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
by	O
Nuvatec	O
and	O
published	O
in	O
1983	O
by	O
Coleco	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
and	O
CBS	O
Electronics	O
in	O
Europe	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
port	O
was	O
programmed	O
by	O
Ed	O
English	O
,	O
as	O
Giorgio	O
Ugozzoli	O
was	O
not	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
porting	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
conversion	O
,	O
programmed	O
by	O
subcontractor	O
Ed	O
Temple	O
,	O
was	O
under	O
development	O
by	O
Individeo	O
and	O
advertised	O
but	O
went	O
unpublished	O
until	O
it	O
was	O
released	O
as	O
a	O
limited	O
run	O
of	O
250	O
boxed	O
copies	O
at	O
the	O
2003	O
Classic	O
Gaming	O
Expo	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
Intellivision	B-Operating_System
version	O
was	O
planned	O
as	O
well	O
but	O
never	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2011	O
,	O
the	O
game	O
's	O
ROM	B-General_Concept
image	I-General_Concept
was	O
made	O
available	O
as	O
freeware	B-License
with	O
permission	O
from	O
Video	O
Games	O
GmbH	O
founder	O
Reinhard	O
Stompe	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
conversion	O
of	O
Looping	B-Application
was	O
met	O
with	O
mixed	O
reception	O
from	O
critics	O
since	O
its	O
release	O
but	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
top-selling	O
cartridges	O
for	O
the	O
console	O
in	O
September	O
1983	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Likewise	O
,	O
Video	O
Games	O
Players	O
Raymond	O
Dimetrosky	O
found	O
the	O
controls	O
to	O
be	O
extremely	O
sensitive	O
,	O
stating	O
that	O
young	O
players	O
may	O
find	O
the	O
game	O
frustrating	O
,	O
but	O
praised	O
the	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
version	O
for	O
the	O
colorful	O
and	O
detailed	O
graphics	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
sound	O
effects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Andersen	O
commended	O
the	O
visuals	O
in	O
the	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
release	O
but	O
felt	O
mixed	O
in	O
regards	O
to	O
the	O
action	B-Application
and	O
gameplay	O
,	O
however	O
the	O
sound	O
design	O
was	O
panned	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
French	O
publication	O
Tilt	O
gave	O
positive	O
remarks	O
to	O
the	O
audiovisual	O
presentation	O
of	O
the	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
conversion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AllGames	O
Brett	O
Alan	O
Weiss	O
gave	O
positive	O
comments	O
to	O
the	O
arcade-like	O
graphics	O
but	O
found	O
the	O
music	O
to	O
be	O
repetitive	O
,	O
while	O
regarding	O
the	O
gameplay	O
to	O
be	O
frustrating	O
and	O
tedious	O
,	O
stating	O
that	O
"	O
Looping	B-Application
for	O
the	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
is	O
a	O
very	O
good	O
translation	O
of	O
the	O
Arcade	B-Application
game	O
;	O
unfortunately	O
,	O
the	O
Arcade	B-Application
game	O
is	O
not	O
much	O
fun	O
to	O
begin	O
with.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Shortly	O
after	O
the	O
launch	O
of	O
Looping	B-Application
in	O
arcades	O
,	O
a	O
follow-up	O
titled	O
Sky	O
Bumper	O
was	O
developed	O
without	O
the	O
involvement	O
of	O
Giorgio	O
Ugozzoli	O
and	O
released	O
by	O
Venture	O
Line	O
in	O
June	O
1982	O
.	O
</s>
