<s>
Longene	B-Application
(	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
Linux-based	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
kernel	B-Operating_System
intended	O
to	O
be	O
binary	B-General_Concept
compatible	I-General_Concept
with	O
application	B-Application
software	I-Application
and	O
device	B-Application
drivers	I-Application
made	O
for	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
and	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
1.0-rc2	O
,	O
it	O
consists	O
of	O
a	O
Linux	B-Application
kernel	I-Application
module	I-Application
implementing	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
Windows	B-Application
kernel	B-Operating_System
and	O
a	O
modified	O
Wine	B-Application
distribution	O
designed	O
to	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
the	O
more	O
native	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Longene	B-Application
is	O
written	O
in	O
the	O
C	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
and	O
is	O
free	B-Application
and	I-Application
open	I-Application
source	I-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
licensed	B-License
under	O
the	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
version	O
2	O
(	O
GPLv2	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
project	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
alpha	O
stage	O
of	O
development	O
as	O
of	O
2015	O
,	O
many	O
Windows	B-Application
programs	O
already	O
work	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Meanwhile	O
,	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
remains	O
available	O
on	O
GitHub	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Longene	B-Application
aims	O
to	O
add	O
all	O
Windows	B-Application
kernel	B-Operating_System
mechanisms	O
,	O
including	O
system	O
calls	O
,	O
Windows	B-Protocol
Registry	I-Protocol
,	O
Windows	B-Application
Driver	I-Application
Model	I-Application
,	O
Deferred	O
Procedure	O
Call	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
,	O
into	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
to	O
form	O
a	O
new	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
new	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
will	O
allow	O
both	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
and	O
Windows	B-Application
applications	I-Application
and	O
device	B-Application
drivers	I-Application
to	O
work	O
without	O
virtualization	O
or	O
emulation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
to	O
prevent	O
bloating	O
,	O
if	O
a	O
function	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
both	O
the	O
ReactOS	B-Application
and	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
implementation	O
is	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Functions	O
are	O
implemented	O
using	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
loadable	B-Application
kernel	I-Application
modules	I-Application
,	O
so	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
loaded	O
and	O
unloaded	O
easily	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Longene	B-Application
has	O
two	O
sets	O
of	O
system	O
calls	O
and	O
their	O
corresponding	O
tables	O
:	O
a	O
Windows	B-Application
syscall	O
set	O
and	O
a	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
syscall	O
set	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Application
applications	I-Application
call	O
the	O
syscall	O
table	O
via	O
software	O
interrupt	O
"	O
int	O
0x2e	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linux	B-Operating_System
applications	O
call	O
the	O
syscall	O
table	O
via	O
"	O
int	O
0x80	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Longene	B-Application
project	O
does	O
not	O
develop	O
the	O
Windows	B-Application
and	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
userland	B-Operating_System
libraries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Those	O
libraries	O
are	O
offered	O
by	O
others	O
projects	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Wine	B-Application
,	O
ReactOS	B-Application
,	O
GNU	O
,	O
and	O
NDISwrapper	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2005	O
,	O
the	O
Longene	B-Application
project	O
gained	O
sponsorship	O
from	O
Insigma	O
Technology	O
( 浙大网新	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
China-based	O
IT	O
consulting	O
corporation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
leader	O
,	O
Decao	O
Mao	O
( 毛德操	O
)	O
,	O
proposed	O
the	O
idea	O
and	O
route	O
of	O
the	O
Longene	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
wrote	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
articles	O
about	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
the	O
intellectual	O
property	O
rights	O
and	O
the	O
techniques	O
to	O
explain	O
why	O
people	O
needed	O
the	O
project	O
and	O
how	O
to	O
implement	O
the	O
Longene	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
the	O
white	O
paper	O
,	O
to	O
implement	O
the	O
Longene	B-Application
,	O
one	O
needs	O
to	O
add	O
several	O
parts	O
to	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
:	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
framework	O
that	O
matches	O
the	O
properties	O
and	O
requirements	O
of	O
Windows	B-Application
device	B-Application
drivers	I-Application
(	O
i.e.	O
,	O
the	O
Windows	B-Application
device	B-Application
driver	I-Application
framework	O
)	O
so	O
that	O
multiple	O
Windows	B-Application
device	B-Application
driver	I-Application
modules	B-Application
may	O
be	O
loaded	O
into	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
,	O
while	O
retaining	O
their	O
relationship	O
and	O
running	O
conditions	O
as	O
in	O
Windows	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
set	O
of	O
export	O
functions	O
defined	O
by	O
Windows	B-Application
kernel	B-Operating_System
export	O
function	O
interface	O
(	O
WDK	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
device	B-Application
driver	I-Application
programs	O
,	O
these	O
functions	O
are	O
like	O
library	O
functions	O
provided	O
by	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Application
native	O
API	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
did	O
not	O
open	O
their	O
native	O
API	O
,	O
but	O
"	O
Windows	B-Application
NT/2000	O
Native	O
API	O
Reference	O
"	O
and	O
other	O
materials	O
have	O
unveiled	O
this	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Implementing	O
the	O
Windows	B-Application
system	O
API	O
in	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
could	O
be	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
a	O
high	O
level	O
language	O
in	O
assembly	O
,	O
because	O
inside	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
usable	O
functions	O
are	O
not	O
implemented	O
by	O
the	O
external	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
API	O
anymore	O
but	O
by	O
internal	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Longene	B-Application
project	O
produces	O
patches	O
for	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
to	O
accomplish	O
its	O
goal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
developers	O
expect	O
these	O
patches	O
to	O
eventually	O
merge	O
into	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
main	O
tree	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Those	O
who	O
program	O
on	O
the	O
Windows	B-Application
platform	O
would	O
then	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
develop	O
applications	O
and	O
device	B-Application
drivers	I-Application
for	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
platform	O
or	O
port	O
their	O
products	O
to	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
platform	O
with	O
a	O
low	O
cost	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Longene	B-Application
uses	O
Wine	B-Application
as	O
a	O
base	O
for	O
implementing	O
the	O
Windows	B-Application
API	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
re-implements	O
Wine	B-Application
's	O
modules	B-Application
for	O
use	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
joint	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Longene	B-Application
defers	O
from	O
using	O
Wine	B-Application
modules	B-Application
that	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
sufficiently	O
implemented	O
for	O
the	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versions	O
of	O
Longene	B-Application
are	O
released	O
when	O
several	O
of	O
the	O
Wine	B-Application
modules	B-Application
have	O
been	O
successfully	O
implemented	O
into	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
new	O
stable	O
version	O
will	O
then	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
base	O
for	O
implementing	O
future	O
modules	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Application
API	O
that	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
implemented	O
by	O
Wine	B-Application
are	O
developed	O
into	O
modules	B-Application
from	O
scratch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
Longene	B-Application
kernel	B-Operating_System
does	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
the	O
Windows	B-Application
NT	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
,	O
Wine	B-Application
's	O
own	O
userspace	B-Operating_System
kernel	B-Operating_System
emulation	O
(	O
wineserver	O
)	O
is	O
not	O
needed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
device	B-Application
drivers	I-Application
,	O
Longene	B-Application
imports	O
NDISwrapper	B-Application
into	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Modifications	O
are	O
made	O
to	O
NDISwrapper	B-Application
for	O
missing	O
functionality	O
of	O
the	O
Windows	B-Application
Driver	I-Application
Model	I-Application
using	O
ReactOS	B-Application
code	O
as	O
a	O
reference	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Windows	B-Application
Driver	I-Application
Kit	I-Application
implementation	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
ReactOS	B-Application
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
uses	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
redirecting	O
drivers	O
to	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
resources	O
and	O
additional	O
libraries	O
that	O
implement	O
functions	O
that	O
cannot	O
be	O
implemented	O
in	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
version	O
actualized	O
the	O
Windows	B-Application
system	O
call	O
mechanism	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
improve	O
the	O
way	O
of	O
creation	O
of	O
process，so	O
windows	B-Application
native-app	O
and	O
wine	B-Application
buitin-app	O
can	O
created	O
by	O
each	O
other	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Developers	O
are	O
currently	O
working	O
on	O
Longene	B-Application
2.0	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
support	O
Windows	B-Application
applications	I-Application
running	O
on	O
non-x86	O
architecture	O
hardware	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
ARM	B-Architecture
and	O
Loongson	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
developers	O
are	O
working	O
on	O
AMD64	B-Device
support	O
and	O
porting	O
NDISWrapper	B-Application
code	O
to	O
the	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Longene	B-Application
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
implements	O
its	O
functions	O
in	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
loadable	B-Application
kernel	I-Application
modules	I-Application
(	O
LKMs	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
opposed	O
to	O
ReactOS	B-Application
implementing	O
functions	O
from	O
scratch	O
,	O
Longene	B-Application
exploits	O
the	O
abundant	O
code	O
and	O
documentation	O
of	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
to	O
create	O
its	O
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
are	O
the	O
main	O
approaches	O
to	O
implement	O
Windows	B-Application
mechanisms	O
in	O
Longene	B-Application
:	O
</s>
<s>
System	O
call	O
interface	O
–	O
Some	O
of	O
them	O
can	O
be	O
taken	O
from	O
the	O
appropriate	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
system	O
calls	O
,	O
or	O
partially	O
reuse	O
the	O
code	O
from	O
corresponding	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
system	O
calls	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
rest	O
that	O
have	O
no	O
counterpart	O
in	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
need	O
to	O
use	O
low-level	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
functions	O
in	O
their	O
implementation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Device	B-Application
driver	I-Application
framework	O
–	O
The	O
device	B-Application
driver	I-Application
interrupt	O
service	O
register	O
is	O
using	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
interrupt	O
mechanism	O
,	O
the	O
device	B-Application
drivers	I-Application
perceive	O
running	O
Windows	B-Application
kernel	B-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
is	O
mapped	O
to	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
running	O
underneath	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Device	B-Application
driver	I-Application
DPC	B-Protocol
requests	O
are	O
translated	O
to	O
Linux-bh	O
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
native	O
system	O
files	O
that	O
are	O
copyrighted	O
by	O
Microsoft	O
—	O
The	O
category	O
of	O
.sys	O
modules	B-Application
used	O
for	O
common	O
external	O
devices	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
disk	O
,	O
USB	O
,	O
graphics	O
devices	O
,	O
network	O
equipment	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
,	O
for	O
which	O
there	O
are	O
corresponding	O
functions	O
in	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
drive	O
those	O
devices	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
only	O
required	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
bridge	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
need	O
to	O
create	O
.sys	O
modules	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
.sys	O
modules	B-Application
that	O
have	O
no	O
the	O
corresponding	O
objects	O
in	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
,	O
an	O
emulation	O
is	O
required	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Application
DDK	I-Application
–	O
The	O
majority	O
of	O
device	B-Application
driver	I-Application
interface	I-Application
functions	O
and	O
data	O
structures	O
have	O
counterparts	O
in	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
functions	O
have	O
no	O
exact	O
equivalent	O
in	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
need	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
wrapper	O
using	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
stuff	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
practice	O
,	O
some	O
resource	O
calls	O
and	O
references	O
can	O
be	O
redirected	O
or	O
adapted	O
to	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
counterparts	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
rest	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
implemented	O
from	O
scratch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ReactOS	B-Application
is	O
a	O
clone	O
of	O
MS	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
written	O
from	O
scratch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Longene	B-Application
uses	O
ReactOS	B-Application
code	O
as	O
a	O
reference	O
to	O
implement	O
some	O
basic	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
the	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
Operating	I-Application
System	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
involves	O
implementing	O
the	O
Windows	B-Application
device	B-Application
driver	I-Application
framework	O
,	O
NDIS	O
,	O
the	O
system	O
call	O
interface	O
,	O
the	O
process	O
management	O
and	O
resource	O
management	O
,	O
the	O
device	B-Application
driver	I-Application
interface	I-Application
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wine	B-Application
implements	O
a	O
compatibility	O
layer	O
,	O
providing	O
alternative	O
implementations	O
of	O
the	O
DLLs	O
that	O
Windows	B-Application
programs	O
call	O
,	O
and	O
processes	O
to	O
substitute	O
for	O
the	O
Windows	B-Application
NT	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
opposed	O
to	O
Longene	B-Application
using	O
the	O
microkernel	O
functions	O
to	O
implement	O
Windows	B-Application
API	O
in	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
space	I-Operating_System
,	O
Wine	B-Application
uses	O
the	O
macro	O
host	O
OS	O
API	O
to	O
implement	O
Windows	B-Application
API	O
in	O
userspace	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Longene	B-Application
offers	O
the	O
Windows	B-Application
Process	O
management	O
,	O
Thread	O
management	O
,	O
Object	O
management	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
in	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
;	O
Wine	B-Application
offers	O
those	O
by	O
wineserver	O
running	O
in	O
userspace	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Longene	B-Application
depends	O
on	O
Wine	B-Application
for	O
the	O
user	O
libraries	O
(	O
the	O
.dll	O
files	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
of	O
Wine	B-Application
's	O
DLLs	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
directly	O
by	O
Longene	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wine	B-Application
code	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Windows	B-Protocol
Registry	I-Protocol
table	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
referred	O
to	O
implement	O
some	O
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
transitional	O
state	O
,	O
Longene	B-Application
uses	O
Wine	B-Application
to	O
offer	O
those	O
functions	O
that	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
completed	O
yet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kernel-Win32	O
is	O
a	O
project	O
intended	O
to	O
move	O
some	O
functions	O
from	O
the	O
Wineserver	O
into	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
to	O
accelerate	O
Wine	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Longene	B-Application
project	O
ported	O
(	O
and	O
partly	O
re-implemented	O
)	O
Kernel-Win32	O
into	O
Longene	B-Application
to	O
implement	O
the	O
Windows	B-Application
system	O
call	O
mechanism	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NDISWrapper	B-Application
recreated	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
Windows	B-Application
NT	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
in	O
a	O
Linux	B-Application
kernel	I-Application
module	I-Application
,	O
making	O
possible	O
to	O
execute	O
modern	O
Windows	B-Application
drivers	O
inside	O
a	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
box	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NDISWrapper	B-Application
consists	O
of	O
a	O
NTOSKRNL	O
API	O
,	O
a	O
basic	O
WDM	B-Application
controller	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
Windows	B-Application
call	O
wrappers	O
such	O
as	O
Wireless/NDIS/USB/PnP	O
to	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
APIs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NDISWrapper	B-Application
is	O
not	O
limited	O
to	O
executing	O
only	O
NDIS	O
drivers	O
;	O
other	O
WDM	B-Application
drivers	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
the	O
driver	O
does	O
n't	O
call	O
unimplemented	O
Windows	B-Application
API	O
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
step	O
of	O
WDM	B-Application
implementation	O
in	O
Longene	B-Application
will	O
be	O
to	O
import	O
NDISWrapper	B-Application
into	O
Longene	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Then	O
the	O
Longene	B-Application
project	O
team	O
will	O
implement	O
its	O
WDM	B-Application
via	O
modifying	O
NDISwrapper	B-Application
and	O
adding	O
functions	O
into	O
NDISWrapper	B-Application
with	O
ReactOS	B-Application
code	O
as	O
a	O
reference	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
run	O
Windows	B-Application
x86	O
binary	O
applications	O
directly	O
on	O
the	O
ARM	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
need	O
of	O
an	O
emulation	O
,	O
of	O
course	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
QEMU	B-Application
is	O
an	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
emulator	O
in	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
that	O
can	O
run	O
Wine	B-Application
,	O
but	O
the	O
result	O
is	O
unacceptably	O
slow	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
QEMU	B-Application
interprets	O
all	O
x86	O
instructions	O
in	O
user	B-Operating_System
space	I-Operating_System
(	O
including	O
the	O
Wine	B-Application
code	O
)	O
;	O
only	O
in	O
case	O
of	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
system	O
calls	O
the	O
application	O
is	O
running	O
at	O
full	O
speed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
result	O
is	O
slow	O
,	O
because	O
applications	O
spend	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
in	O
the	O
emulated	O
user	B-Operating_System
space	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
less	O
time	O
in	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
if	O
the	O
Win	O
API	O
DLLs	O
,	O
provided	O
by	O
Wine	B-Application
could	O
be	O
used	O
outside	O
of	O
QEMU	B-Application
,	O
they	O
would	O
run	O
at	O
full	O
speed	O
because	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
compiled	O
natively	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
overall	O
running	O
speed	O
should	O
significantly	O
improve	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
way	O
of	O
combining	O
Wine	B-Application
and	O
QEMU	B-Application
,	O
and	O
putting	O
Wineserver	O
functions	O
into	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
,	O
is	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
Longene	B-Application
2.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Magic	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
–	O
Magic	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
Chinese	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
distribution	O
based	O
on	O
Red	O
Hat	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
2.1	O
of	O
Magic	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
,	O
released	O
on	O
December	O
15	O
,	O
2008	O
,	O
includes	O
a	O
main	O
version	O
(	O
DVD	O
,	O
with	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	O
2.6.25.20	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
compact	O
version	O
(	O
CD	O
,	O
with	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	O
2.6.25.20	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
Longene	B-Application
version	O
(	O
CD	O
,	O
with	O
Longene	B-Application
0.2.2	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Longene	B-Application
can	O
also	O
be	O
run	O
on	O
software	O
which	O
emulates	O
or	O
virtualizes	O
the	O
above	O
hardware	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
VMware	O
and	O
VirtualBox	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
