<s>
A	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
converts	O
a	O
force	O
such	O
as	O
tension	O
,	O
compression	O
,	O
pressure	O
,	O
or	O
torque	O
into	O
an	O
electrical	O
signal	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
measured	O
and	O
standardized	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
force	O
transducer	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
force	O
applied	O
to	O
the	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
increases	O
,	O
the	O
electrical	O
signal	O
changes	O
proportionally	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
common	O
types	O
of	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
are	O
pneumatic	O
,	O
hydraulic	O
,	O
and	O
strain	B-Algorithm
gauges	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Strain	B-Algorithm
gauge	I-Algorithm
load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
are	O
the	O
kind	O
most	O
often	O
found	O
in	O
industrial	O
settings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Structurally	O
,	O
a	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
has	O
a	O
metal	O
body	O
to	O
which	O
strain	B-Algorithm
gauges	I-Algorithm
have	O
been	O
secured	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
elasticity	O
gives	O
rise	O
to	O
the	O
term	O
"	O
spring	O
element	O
"	O
,	O
referring	O
to	O
the	O
body	O
of	O
the	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
force	O
is	O
exerted	O
on	O
the	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
,	O
the	O
spring	O
element	O
is	O
slightly	O
deformed	O
,	O
and	O
unless	O
overloaded	O
,	O
always	O
returns	O
to	O
its	O
original	O
shape	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
spring	O
element	O
deforms	O
,	O
the	O
strain	B-Algorithm
gauges	I-Algorithm
also	O
change	O
shape	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
resulting	O
alteration	O
to	O
the	O
resistance	O
in	O
the	O
strain	B-Algorithm
gauges	I-Algorithm
can	O
be	O
measured	O
as	O
voltage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
change	O
in	O
voltage	O
is	O
proportional	O
to	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
force	O
applied	O
to	O
the	O
cell	O
,	O
thus	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
force	O
can	O
be	O
calculated	O
from	O
the	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
's	O
output	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
strain	B-Algorithm
gauge	I-Algorithm
is	O
constructed	O
of	O
very	O
fine	O
wire	O
,	O
or	O
foil	O
,	O
set	O
up	O
in	O
a	O
grid	O
pattern	O
and	O
attached	O
to	O
a	O
flexible	O
backing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
shape	O
of	O
the	O
strain	B-Algorithm
gauge	I-Algorithm
is	O
altered	O
,	O
a	O
change	O
in	O
its	O
electrical	O
resistance	O
occurs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
wire	O
or	O
foil	O
in	O
the	O
strain	B-Algorithm
gauge	I-Algorithm
is	O
arranged	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
,	O
when	O
force	O
is	O
applied	O
in	O
one	O
direction	O
,	O
a	O
linear	O
change	O
in	O
resistance	O
results	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tension	O
force	O
stretches	O
a	O
strain	B-Algorithm
gauge	I-Algorithm
,	O
causing	O
it	O
to	O
get	O
thinner	O
and	O
longer	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
resistance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
strain	B-Algorithm
gauge	I-Algorithm
compresses	O
,	O
becomes	O
thicker	O
and	O
shorter	O
,	O
and	O
resistance	O
decreases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
strain	B-Algorithm
gauge	I-Algorithm
is	O
attached	O
to	O
a	O
flexible	O
backing	O
enabling	O
it	O
to	O
be	O
easily	O
applied	O
to	O
a	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
,	O
mirroring	O
the	O
minute	O
changes	O
to	O
be	O
measured	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
change	O
in	O
resistance	O
measured	O
by	O
a	O
single	O
strain	B-Algorithm
gauge	I-Algorithm
is	O
extremely	O
small	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
difficult	O
to	O
accurately	O
measure	O
changes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Increasing	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
strain	B-Algorithm
gauges	I-Algorithm
applied	O
collectively	O
magnifies	O
these	O
small	O
changes	O
into	O
something	O
more	O
measurable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
set	O
of	O
4	O
strain	B-Algorithm
gauges	I-Algorithm
set	O
in	O
a	O
specific	O
circuit	O
is	O
an	O
application	O
of	O
a	O
Wheatstone	O
bridge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Excitation	O
voltage	O
is	O
a	O
known	O
constant	O
and	O
output	O
voltage	O
is	O
variable	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
shape	O
of	O
the	O
strain	B-Algorithm
gauges	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
,	O
the	O
resistors	O
are	O
replaced	O
with	O
strain	B-Algorithm
gauges	I-Algorithm
and	O
arranged	O
in	O
alternating	O
tension	O
and	O
compression	O
formation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
force	O
is	O
exerted	O
on	O
the	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
,	O
the	O
structure	O
and	O
resistance	O
of	O
the	O
strain	B-Algorithm
gauges	I-Algorithm
changes	O
and	O
is	O
measured	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
several	O
types	O
of	O
strain	B-Algorithm
gauge	I-Algorithm
load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
:	O
</s>
<s>
Single	O
Point	O
load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
;	O
used	O
in	O
small	O
to	O
medium	O
platform	O
scales	O
with	O
platform	O
sizes	O
of	O
200x200mm	O
up	O
to	O
1200x1200	O
mm	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Planar	O
Beam	O
load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
;	O
used	O
in	O
low	O
profile	O
solutions	O
where	O
space	O
is	O
limited	O
,	O
like	O
medical	O
scales	O
and	O
retail	O
scales	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bending	O
Beam	O
load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
;	O
used	O
in	O
pallet	O
,	O
platform	O
and	O
small	O
hopper	O
scales	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Shear	O
Beam	O
load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
;	O
used	O
in	O
low	O
profile	O
scale	O
and	O
process	O
applications	O
,	O
available	O
in	O
capacities	O
from	O
100kg	O
up	O
to	O
50t	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dual	O
Shear	O
Beam	O
load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
;	O
used	O
in	O
truck	O
scales	O
,	O
tank	O
and	O
hopper	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
S-type	O
load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
;	O
used	O
in	O
tension	O
applications	O
where	O
you	O
will	O
find	O
static	O
and	O
dynamic	O
loads	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Compression	O
load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
;	O
used	O
in	O
truck	O
scales	O
,	O
large	O
platform	O
scales	O
,	O
weighbridges	O
and	O
hopper	O
scales	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ring	O
Torsion	O
load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
;	O
used	O
in	O
high	O
accuracy	O
hoppers	O
,	O
silo	O
's	O
,	O
platforms	O
and	O
pallet	O
scales	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Spoke	O
Type	O
load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
;	O
used	O
in	O
low	O
profile	O
,	O
high	O
precision	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Onboard	O
load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
;	O
used	O
for	O
onboard	O
weighing	O
systems	O
on	O
trucks	O
,	O
tractors	O
and	O
other	O
vehicles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
pneumatic	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
is	O
designed	O
to	O
automatically	O
regulate	O
the	O
balancing	O
pressure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Air	O
pressure	O
is	O
applied	O
to	O
one	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
diaphragm	O
and	O
it	O
escapes	O
through	O
the	O
nozzle	O
placed	O
at	O
the	O
bottom	O
of	O
the	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
pressure	O
gauge	O
is	O
attached	O
to	O
the	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
to	O
measure	O
the	O
pressure	O
inside	O
the	O
cell	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
hydraulic	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
uses	O
a	O
conventional	O
piston	O
and	O
cylinder	O
arrangement	O
with	O
the	O
piston	O
placed	O
in	O
a	O
thin	O
elastic	O
diaphragm	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
piston	O
does	O
n't	O
actually	O
come	O
in	O
contact	O
with	O
the	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
is	O
completely	O
filled	O
with	O
oil	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typical	O
hydraulic	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
applications	O
include	O
tank	O
,	O
bin	O
,	O
and	O
hopper	O
weighing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
hydraulic	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
is	O
immune	O
to	O
transient	O
voltages	O
(	O
lightning	B-Architecture
)	O
so	O
these	O
type	O
of	O
load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
might	O
be	O
a	O
more	O
effective	O
device	O
in	O
outdoor	O
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
technology	O
is	O
more	O
expensive	O
than	O
other	O
types	O
of	O
load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vibrating	O
wire	O
load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
,	O
which	O
are	O
useful	O
in	O
geomechanical	O
applications	O
due	O
to	O
low	O
amounts	O
of	O
drift	O
,	O
and	O
capacitive	O
load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
where	O
the	O
capacitance	O
of	O
a	O
capacitor	O
changes	O
as	O
the	O
load	O
presses	O
the	O
two	O
plates	O
of	O
a	O
capacitor	O
closer	O
together	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Piezoelectric	O
load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
work	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
principle	O
of	O
deformation	O
as	O
the	O
strain	B-Algorithm
gauge	I-Algorithm
load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
,	O
but	O
a	O
voltage	O
output	O
is	O
generated	O
by	O
the	O
basic	O
piezoelectric	O
material	O
–	O
proportional	O
to	O
the	O
deformation	O
of	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
applications	O
for	O
piezo-based	O
load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
are	O
in	O
the	O
dynamic	O
loading	O
conditions	O
,	O
where	O
strain	B-Algorithm
gauge	I-Algorithm
load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
can	O
fail	O
with	O
high	O
dynamic	O
loading	O
cycles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
advantage	O
of	O
Piezoelectric	O
load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
conditioned	O
with	O
a	O
charge	O
amplifier	O
is	O
the	O
wide	O
measuring	O
range	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
achieved	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
can	O
choose	O
a	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
with	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
hundred	O
of	O
kilonewtons	O
and	O
use	O
it	O
for	O
measuring	O
few	O
newtons	O
of	O
force	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
signal-to-noise	O
ratio	O
;	O
again	O
this	O
is	O
possible	O
only	O
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
charge	O
amplifier	O
for	O
conditioning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
the	O
load	O
force	O
has	O
to	O
go	O
through	O
the	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
where	O
its	O
deformation	O
is	O
sensed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Overload	O
:	O
Within	O
its	O
rating	O
,	O
the	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
deforms	O
elastically	O
and	O
returns	O
to	O
its	O
shape	O
after	O
being	O
unloaded	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
subjected	O
to	O
loads	O
above	O
its	O
maximum	O
rating	O
,	O
the	O
material	O
of	O
the	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
may	O
plastically	O
deform	O
;	O
this	O
may	O
result	O
in	O
a	O
signal	O
offset	O
,	O
loss	O
of	O
linearity	O
,	O
difficulty	O
with	O
or	O
impossibility	O
of	O
calibration	O
,	O
or	O
even	O
mechanical	O
damage	O
to	O
the	O
sensing	O
element	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Electrical	O
damage	O
:	O
the	O
load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
can	O
be	O
damaged	O
by	O
induced	O
or	O
conducted	O
current	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lightning	B-Architecture
hitting	O
the	O
construction	O
,	O
or	O
arc	O
welding	O
performed	O
near	O
the	O
cells	O
,	O
can	O
overstress	O
the	O
fine	O
resistors	O
of	O
the	O
strain	B-Algorithm
gauges	I-Algorithm
and	O
cause	O
their	O
damage	O
or	O
destruction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
welding	O
nearby	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
suggested	O
to	O
disconnect	O
the	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
and	O
short	O
all	O
its	O
pins	O
to	O
the	O
ground	O
,	O
nearby	O
the	O
cell	O
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
High	O
voltages	O
can	O
break	O
through	O
the	O
insulation	O
between	O
the	O
substrate	O
and	O
the	O
strain	B-Algorithm
gauges	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nonlinearity	O
:	O
at	O
the	O
low	O
end	O
of	O
their	O
scale	O
,	O
the	O
load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
tend	O
to	O
be	O
nonlinear	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Particularity	O
of	O
application	O
:	O
A	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
that	O
is	O
not	O
well	O
suited	O
to	O
the	O
specific	O
magnitude	O
and	O
type	O
of	O
pressure	O
will	O
have	O
poor	O
accuracy	O
,	O
resolution	O
,	O
and	O
reliability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
So	O
a	O
2.96	O
mV/V	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
will	O
provide	O
29.6	O
millivolt	O
signal	O
at	O
full	O
load	O
when	O
excited	O
with	O
10	O
volts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ideally	O
,	O
the	O
voltage	O
difference	O
between	O
S+	O
and	O
S−	O
is	O
zero	O
under	O
zero	O
load	O
,	O
and	O
grows	O
proportionally	O
to	O
the	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
's	O
mechanical	O
load	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
or	O
more	O
load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
sensing	O
a	O
single	O
load	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
loads	O
are	O
guaranteed	O
to	O
be	O
symmetrical	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
can	O
be	O
substituted	O
with	O
pivots	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
saves	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
the	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
but	O
can	O
significantly	O
decrease	O
accuracy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
can	O
be	O
connected	O
in	O
parallel	O
;	O
in	O
that	O
case	O
,	O
all	O
the	O
corresponding	O
signals	O
are	O
connected	O
together	O
(	O
Ex+	O
to	O
Ex+	O
,	O
S+	O
to	O
S+	O
,	O
...	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
resulting	O
signal	O
is	O
the	O
average	O
of	O
the	O
signals	O
from	O
all	O
the	O
sensing	O
elements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Every	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
is	O
subject	O
to	O
"	O
ringing	O
"	O
when	O
subjected	O
to	O
abrupt	O
load	O
changes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
stems	O
from	O
the	O
spring-like	O
behavior	O
of	O
load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
such	O
,	O
a	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
of	O
finite	O
stiffness	O
must	O
have	O
spring-like	O
behavior	O
,	O
exhibiting	O
vibrations	O
at	O
its	O
natural	O
frequency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alternatively	O
,	O
a	O
control	O
system	O
can	O
use	O
an	O
actuator	B-Algorithm
to	O
actively	O
damp	O
out	O
the	O
ringing	O
of	O
a	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
are	O
used	O
in	O
several	O
types	O
of	O
measuring	O
instruments	O
such	O
as	O
laboratory	O
balances	O
,	O
industrial	O
scales	O
,	O
platform	O
scales	O
and	O
universal	O
testing	O
machines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
1993	O
the	O
British	O
Antarctic	O
Survey	O
installed	O
load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
in	O
glass	O
fibre	O
nests	O
to	O
weigh	O
albatross	B-Application
chicks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
are	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
items	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
seven-post	O
shaker	O
which	O
is	O
often	O
used	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
race	O
cars	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
are	O
commonly	O
used	O
to	O
measure	O
weight	O
in	O
an	O
industrial	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
performance	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
must	O
be	O
defined	O
and	O
specified	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
they	O
will	O
cope	O
with	O
the	O
expected	O
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
electrical	O
,	O
physical	O
,	O
and	O
environmental	O
specifications	O
of	O
a	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
help	O
to	O
determine	O
which	O
applications	O
it	O
is	O
appropriate	O
for	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hysteresis	O
:	O
Maximum	O
difference	O
between	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
output	O
signals	O
for	O
the	O
same	O
applied	O
load	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zero	O
Balance	O
(	O
Offset	O
)	O
:	O
Output	O
reading	O
of	O
the	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
with	O
rated	O
excitation	O
under	O
no	O
load	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
deviation	O
in	O
output	O
between	O
a	O
true	O
zero	O
measurement	O
and	O
a	O
real	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
under	O
zero	O
load	O
expressed	O
as	O
a	O
percentage	O
of	O
full	O
scale	O
output	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Compensated	O
Temperate	O
Range	O
:	O
The	O
temperature	O
range	O
over	O
which	O
a	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
is	O
compensated	O
so	O
that	O
it	O
can	O
ensure	O
zero	O
balance	O
&	O
rated	O
output	O
within	O
specified	O
limits	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Operating	O
Temperature	O
Range	O
:	O
Temperature	O
range	O
extremes	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
can	O
operate	O
without	O
permanent	O
,	O
adverse	O
effects	O
on	O
any	O
of	O
its	O
performance	O
characteristics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Temperature	O
Effect	O
on	O
Output	O
:	O
Modification	O
of	O
output	O
readings	O
caused	O
by	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
temperature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Input	O
Resistance	O
:	O
Input	O
resistance	O
of	O
the	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
's	O
bridge	O
circuit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Output	O
Resistance	O
:	O
Output	O
resistance	O
of	O
the	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
's	O
bridge	O
circuit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Insulation	O
Resistance	O
:	O
The	O
resistance	O
measured	O
along	O
pathways	O
between	O
the	O
:	O
bridge	O
circuit	O
and	O
transducer	B-Algorithm
element	O
,	O
bridge	O
circuit	O
and	O
the	O
cable	O
shield	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
transducer	B-Algorithm
element	O
and	O
the	O
cable	O
shield	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Recommended	O
Excitation	O
:	O
Maximum	O
recommended	O
excitation	O
voltage	O
of	O
the	O
transducer	B-Algorithm
for	O
it	O
to	O
operate	O
within	O
its	O
specifications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cable	O
Length	O
:	O
Length	O
of	O
the	O
standard	O
cable	O
for	O
which	O
the	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
is	O
calibrated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cable	O
length	O
affects	O
how	O
the	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
is	O
calibrated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Safe	O
Overload	O
:	O
The	O
maximum	O
load	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
applied	O
to	O
a	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
without	O
causing	O
permanent	O
effects	O
to	O
its	O
performance	O
specifications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Material	O
:	O
Substance	O
that	O
comprises	O
the	O
spring	O
element	O
of	O
the	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
are	O
an	O
integral	O
part	O
of	O
most	O
weighing	O
systems	O
in	O
industrial	O
,	O
aerospace	O
and	O
automotive	O
industries	O
,	O
enduring	O
rigorous	O
daily	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Over	O
time	O
,	O
load	B-Algorithm
cells	I-Algorithm
will	O
drift	O
,	O
age	O
and	O
misalign	O
;	O
therefore	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
calibrated	O
regularly	O
to	O
ensure	O
accurate	O
results	O
are	O
maintained	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ISO9000	O
and	O
most	O
other	O
standards	O
specify	O
a	O
maximum	O
period	O
of	O
around	O
18	O
months	O
to	O
2	O
years	O
between	O
re-calibration	O
procedures	O
,	O
dependent	O
on	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
deterioration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Annual	O
re-calibration	O
is	O
considered	O
best	O
practice	O
by	O
many	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
users	O
for	O
ensuring	O
the	O
most	O
accurate	O
measurements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
60	O
tonne	O
load	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
,	O
then	O
specific	O
test	O
weights	O
that	O
measure	O
in	O
5	O
,	O
10	O
,	O
20	O
,	O
40	O
and	O
60	O
tonne	O
increments	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
;	O
a	O
five	O
step	O
calibration	O
process	O
is	O
usually	O
sufficient	O
for	O
ensuring	O
a	O
device	O
is	O
accurately	O
calibrated	O
.	O
</s>
